Mubasa rekugadzira ma semiconductor, kunyatsojeka ndicho chinhu chikuru. Sezvo tekinoroji yekugadzira ma chip ichienderera mberi kusvika padanho re nanometer uye kunyange padanho re nanometer, chero kukanganisa kudiki kunogona kutungamira kudzikira kwekushanda kwema chip kana kutokundikana zvachose. Mumakwikwi aya ekugadzirisa kwakanyatsojeka, zvishongedzo zve granite, zvine hunhu hwazvo hwepanyama uye hwemakanika, zvave chinhu chakakosha mukuona kuti kugadzirwa kwema chip kwakanyatsojeka.
Kugadzikana kwakanyanya kunoisa hwaro hwekururama
Nzvimbo iri mudura rekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita se semiconductor yakaoma, uye zvinhu zvekunze zvakaita se vibration uye tembiricha zvinogara zvichityisidzira kururama kwekugadzirwa. Zvishongedzo zve granite zvine kugadzikana kwakanyanya, zvichipa hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzirwa kwema chip. Maumbirwo ayo emukati akakora uye akafanana, akaumbwa kuburikidza nemaitiro e geological kwemazana emamiriyoni emakore, uye ane hunhu hwechisikigo hwekunyorovesa zvakanyanya. Kana vibration dzekunze dzikaendeswa kumidziyo yekugadzira, zvikamu zve granite zvine hungwaru zvinogona kunwisa uye kuderedza simba re vibration rinodarika 80%, zvichideredza zvakanyanya simba re vibration pamidziyo ine hungwaru.
Hunhu uhwu hwakakosha zvikuru mukuita kwephotolithography. Photolithography idanho rakakosha pakufambisa mapatani ekugadzira machipisi pasilicon wafers, izvo zvinoda kuti tafura yekushanda yemuchina wephotolithography irambe yakasimba zvakanyanya. Bhenji rekugadzira granite precision rinogona kuparadzanisa kupindirana kwevibration kubva pasi peworkshop nezvimwe zvishandiso, zvichiita kuti chikanganiso che relative position pakati pesilicon wafer nephotolithography mask chidzorwe padanho re nanometer panguva yekuratidzwa kwemuchina wephotolithography, nokudaro zvichivimbisa kutamiswa kwakarurama kwepatani.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiyero chekuwedzera kwemafuta egranite chakaderera zvikuru, kazhinji chinotangira pa5 kusvika pa7×10⁻⁶/℃. Munguva yekugadzira semiconductor, kupisa kunokonzerwa nekushanda kwemidziyo uye kushanduka kwekushisa kwenzvimbo yekushandira zvinogona kukonzera kushanduka kwemafuta emumba. Zvishongedzo zveGranite zvine hungwaru hazvikanganisike nekuchinja kwekushisa uye zvinogona kugara zvichichengetedza saizi nemaumbirwo akasimba. Semuenzaniso, mukuita kwekucheka chip, kunyangwe shanduko diki mukupisa inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemafuta ezvikamu zvakakosha zvemidziyo yekucheka, zvichikonzera kutsauka muhupamhi uye kunyatsojeka kwekucheka. Zvisinei, kushandisa zvishongedzo zvegranite zvine hungwaru sekutsigira uye zvinhu zvinotakura mutoro kunogona kudzivirira mamiriro aya kuti asaitike, zvichiita kuti maitiro ekucheka ave akanyatsojeka uye akafanana.
Kugadziriswa kwakanyatsonaka uye zvakanakira zvemhando yepamusoro
Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa zvikamu zvegranite nemazvo inonyanya kukosha pakuona kuti machipisi akagadzirwa nemazvo. Kuburikidza netekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzirisa nemazvo, kutwasuka kwepamusoro, kutwasuka uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvegranite zvinogona kusvika padanho repamusoro. Semuenzaniso, nekushandisa nzira dzekugaya nekupukuta dzeCNC, kukwasharara kwepamusoro kwegranite kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika padanho renanometer, zvichiita kuti nzira yekupedzisa pamusoro ive yakaita segirazi.
Mukugadzira michina ye "chip", kunaka kwepamusoro-soro kwezvinhu zvakaita se "granite precision guide rails" uye "sliders" zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukweshana nekupfekwa pakati pezvikamu zvinofamba. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete kugadzikana uye kururama kwekufamba kwemuchina, asiwo zvinowedzera hupenyu hwemuchina. Semuenzaniso, midziyo ye "chip packaging". "Granite guide rails" chaiyo inogona kuona kuti kukanganisa kwekufamba kwemusoro wepackaging pakunhonga nekuisa chip kunodzorwa pa "micrometer" kana "nanometer level", nokudaro zvichiita kuti pave nekurongeka kwakarurama uye kubatana kwakavimbika pakati pe "chip" ne "packaging substrate".
Kudzivirira kusakara uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu
Kugadzira semiconductor inzira yekugadzira inogara kwenguva refu, uye michina iyi inofanira kushanda zvakanaka kwenguva yakareba. Granite ine simba rekudzivirira kupfekwa, ine kuomarara kweMohs kwe6 kusvika ku7, inokwanisa kutsungirira kufamba kwenguva refu kwemakanika uye mitoro. Mukushanda kwezuva nezuva kwemidziyo yekugadzira chips, zvikamu zvegranite zvine hungwaru hazviwanzo kurukwa uye zvinogona kugara zvichichengetedza kushanda kwakasimba uye kururama.
Kana tichienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu, granite haikanganisike kana kuora kwekushanda kwayo kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti michina yekugadzira chips inoshandisa granite precision components inogona kuramba yakanyatsogadzirwa uye yakagadzikana mushure mekushanda kwenguva refu, zvichideredza mwero wekusakwana kwechigadzirwa kunokonzerwa nekuderera kwekusakwana kwemidziyo. Kune vagadziri ve semiconductor, izvi hazvingobatsiri chete pakugadzira asi zvinoderedzawo mari yekugadzira.
Mhedziso
Munzira yekutsvaga nanoscale chaiyo mukugadzira semiconductor, zvikamu zve granite chaiyo zvine basa guru nekuda kwekugadzikana kwazvo, kugadzirisa kwakanyatsojeka uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu. Kubva paphotolithography kusvika pakucheka, kubva pakurongedza chip kusvika pakuyedza, zvishandiso zve granite chaiyo zvinofamba nemumakiyi ese akakosha mukugadzirwa kwe chip, zvichipa vimbiso yakasimba yekugadzira ma chips zvakanyatsojeka. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwetekinoroji ye semiconductor, zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka zvichawedzera. Zvikamu zve granite chaiyo zvicharambawo zvichiita basa rakakosha mundima iyi, zvichibatsira indasitiri ye semiconductor kugara ichisvika pakakwirira. Ingave ikozvino kana mune ramangwana, zvikamu zve granite chaiyo zvichagara zviri simba guru rekuona kuti nanometer-level yakarurama mukugadzira semiconductor.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-07-2025