Mumarabhoritari epamusoro-soro pasi rose, kungave kuri kuona zvinhu zve nanoscale, kuyera zvikamu zve optical, kana kuyerwa kwe microstructure yema semiconductor chips, kune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekururama uye kugadzikana kwezviyero zvekuyera. Granite straightedge, nekushanda kwayo kwakanaka, yave sarudzo yekutanga kumamarabhoritari mazhinji. Kana ichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzekare dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa, kugadzikana kwayo kunogona kuvandudzwa kusvika ku300%, izvo zvinoenderana neuchapupu hwakadzama hwesainzi uye kusimbiswa kunoshanda.
1. Hunhu hwezvinhu hunosarudza hwaro hwekunyatsojeka
Simbi yakakangwa, sechinyakare chinhu chinotariswa pamusoro, kunyangwe iine kuomarara, ine zvikanganiso zvayo. Kuwanda kwayo kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kunenge 12×10⁻⁶/℃. Pasi pemamiriro ekuchinja-chinja kwekushisa kwakajairika murabhoritari (senge musiyano wekupisa kwe5℃ unokonzerwa nekutanga nekumira kwema air conditioners), nzvimbo inotariswa yesimbi yakakangwa ine urefu hwemita imwe inogona kuchinja saizi ye60μm. Pamusoro pezvo, kune flake graphite structures mukati mesimbi yakakangwa. Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kunowanzo kuve nekushushikana kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwenzvimbo inotariswa. Rudzi urwu rwekushanduka kwekupisa uye shanduko yechimiro zvichakonzera kutsauka kwakarongeka mudata rekuyera, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kururama kwemhedzisiro yekuyedza.
Kusiyana neizvi, chiyero chekuwedzera kwekupisa kwegranite straightedge inongova (4-8) ×10⁻⁶/℃, iyo iri pasi pechikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimbi yakakandwa. Pasi pemusiyano wakafanana wekupisa we5℃, shanduko yehukuru hwegranite straightedge yakareba mita imwe inongova 20-40 μm chete. Granite inoumbwa nekuumbwa kwemaminerari akadai sequartz nefeldspar. Ine chimiro chakafanana uye chakakora uye haina dambudziko rekuwedzera kushushikana mukati. Mushure memabhiriyoni emakore ekuita kwegeological, granite yakwegura uye haizokanganisike sesimbi yakakandwa nekufamba kwenguva, ichivimbisa kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo yekunongedzera kubva muchinhu chacho.
Chechipiri, tekinoroji yekugadzirisa inoita kuti ive neunyanzvi hwakanyanya
Munguva yekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi, nekuda kwekusakwana kwezvinhu zvayo, kurongeka kwekutsetseka kunowanzo svika ± 5-10 μm. Uyezve, pamusoro pesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dzine mukana wekuoxidation uye kuita ngura, zvichida kugadziriswa nguva dzose. Kukuya kwega kwega kunokanganisa kurongeka kwekutanga kwenzvimbo dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi.
Granite straightedge inoshandisa tekinoroji yekukuya yakanyatsogadzirwa uye inosanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekudzora nhamba. Kureba kwayo kunogona kudzorwa mukati me ± 1-3 μm, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinogona kutosvika ± 0.5μm. Kuoma kwayo pamusoro kunosvika 6 kusvika 7 pachikero cheMohs, uye kuramba kwayo kupfeka kwakapetwa katatu kusvika kashanu kupfuura simbi yakakandwa. Haisi nyore kukwenywa kana kusakara. Kunyangwe mushure mekushandiswa kwenguva refu, kururama kwekumusoro kwegranite straightedge kunogona kuramba kwakasimba, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekugadziriswa nekugadzirisa nguva nenguva, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mutengo wekushandisa werabhoritari nenguva.
III. Kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza kunoita kuti kuyerwa kwakasimba
Nzvimbo yerabhoritari yakaoma uye inochinja-chinja. Zvinhu zvakaita sehunyoro, kudedera uye kupindira kwemagetsi zvinogona kukanganisa kunyatsojeka kwekuyera. Nzvimbo yesimbi yakakandwa inogona kuita ngura munzvimbo ine hunyoro, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekukombama kwepamusoro uye kukanganisa kunyatsojeka kweprobe yekuyera. Panguva iyi, simba remagineti resimbi yakakandwa rinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emidziyo yekuyera yemagetsi chaiyo.
Granite straightedge chinhu chisina simbi, hachina magineti uye hachifambise mvura, uye hachizokanganisa michina yemagetsi. Mwero wayo wekunwa mvura uri pasi pe0.1%, uye ichiri kukwanisa kuramba ichishanda zvakanaka munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, hunhu hwakasiyana hwegranite hwekunyorova hunogona kutora zvinobudirira kudedera kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekunze. Semuenzaniso, murabhoritari iri pedyo nemidziyo mikuru nemidziyo, granite straightedge inogona kuderedza simba repamusoro pe90% mukati mesekondi imwe chete, nepo nzvimbo yesimbi yakakandwa ichida masekondi matatu kusvika mashanu. Izvi zvinogonesa granite straightedge kupa reference yakasimba yekuyera kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma.
China. Ruzivo chairwo runosimbisa zvakanakira mashandiro
Rabhoritari inozivikanwa yepasi rose yesemiconductor yakamboita bvunzo yekuenzanisa kwenguva refu pamusoro pesimbi yakakandwa negranite reference surfaces: Munguva yekuyedza kwekuyera kwakagara kwemazuva makumi matatu uye kwemaawa masere pazuva, kukanganisa kwekuyera kwemidziyo yakashandisa simbi yakakandwa kwakasvika ±45μm. Midziyo inoshandisa granite straightedge ine kukanganisa kwekuyera kwe±15μm chete, uye kuvandudzwa kwekugadzikana kwekururamisa kwakakwira kusvika 300%. Mhedzisiro yakafanana yekuyedza yakasimbiswa kakawanda mumarabhoritari epamusoro muminda yakawanda senge sainzi yezvinhu uye optical engineering, zvichiratidza zvakare kusatsiviwa kwegranite straightedge mukuyera kwakanyatsojeka.
Mukupedzisa, granite straightedge yadarika zvakanyanya pamusoro pesimbi yakakandwa nekuda kwezvakanakira zvayo zvitatu zvehunhu hwezvinhu, tekinoroji yekugadzirisa uye kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuvandudzika kwayo kwe300% mukugadzikana kwekunyatsojeka hakungopi chete chiyero chakavimbika chemarabhoritari asiwo kunoisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuvandudzwa kwetsvakiridzo yesainzi yepamusoro uye tekinoroji yekugadzira nekunyatsojeka. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei marabhoritari epamusoro pasi rose aine granite straightedges dzese dzakasarudzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-19-2025