Granite imhando yedombo regneous rakacherwa nekuda kwesimba raro rakanyanya, density, durability, uye kuramba kuita ngura.Asi gireniti zvakare rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana- haisi yemakona nemakona chete!Muchokwadi, Isu tinoshanda nechivimbo nematombo egranite akagadzirwa mune zvimiro, makona, uye macurves eese akasiyana nguva nenguva-nemhedzisiro yakanaka.
Kuburikidza nemamiriro edu ekugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi, nzvimbo dzakachekwa dzinogona kuve dzakati sandarara.Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti granite ive chinhu chakanakira kugadzira yakasarudzika-saizi uye yakasarudzika-dhizaini mabhesi uye metrology zvikamu.Granite ndeye:
■ zvinogoneka
■ kunyatsoti sandarara kana kuchekwa nokupedzwa
■ inoshingirira ngura
■ yakasimba
■ kugara kwenguva refu
Granite zvikamu zvakare nyore kuchenesa.Paunenge uchigadzira magadzirirwo etsika, ita shuwa yekusarudza granite kune ayo epamusoro mabhenefiti.
ZVINHU ZVINHU / ZVINHU ZVAKASIMBA ZVINHU
Iyo granite inoshandiswa neZHHIMG kune yedu yakajairwa pamusoro peplate zvigadzirwa ine yakakwira quartz yemukati, iyo inopa yakakura kuramba kupfeka uye kukuvara.Yedu Superior Black mavara ane yakaderera mvura yekunyudza mazinga, ichideredza mukana weiyo chaiyo geji kuita ngura uchigadzika pamahwendefa.Mavara egranite anopihwa neZHHIMG anoita kuti kupenya kushoma, zvinoreva kushomeka kwemaziso kune vanhu vanoshandisa mahwendefa.Isu takasarudza marudzi edu egranite tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kwemafuta mukuyedza kuchengetedza chikamu ichi chishoma.
CUSTOM APPLICATIONS
Kana chikumbiro chako chichidaidza ndiro ine maumbirwo etsika, akaiswa shinda, slots kana mamwe machining, iwe uchada kusarudza chinhu chakaita seBlack Jinan Nhema.Ichi chakasikwa zvinhu chinopa kuomarara kwepamusoro, yakanakisa vibration inonyorovesa, uye yakagadziridzwa machinability.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti ruvara chete haruna kuratidza unhu hwepanyama hwebwe.Kazhinji, ruvara rwegranite rwakanangana nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwemaminerari, ayo anogona kunge asina chekuita nehunhu hunogadzira yakanaka plate plate zvinhu.Kune mapingi, grey, uye matema magranite akanakira mahwendefa epamusoro, pamwe nematema, grey, uye epingi girenati ayo asina kunyatsokodzera maapplication chaiwo.Hunhu hwakakosha hwegranite, sekureva kwavo hune chekuita nekushandiswa kwayo sechinhu chepamusoro peplate, haina chekuita nemuvara, uye ndeaya anotevera:
■ Kuomarara (kutsauka pasi pemutoro - kunoratidzwa neModulus yeElasticity)
■ Kuoma
■ Density
■ Kuramba kupfeka
■ Kugadzikana
■ Porosity
Takaedza zvinhu zvakawanda zvegranite uye tikaenzanisa zvinhu izvi.Pakupedzisira tinowana mhedzisiro, Jinan dema giraniti ndiyo yakanakisa zvinhu zvatakamboziva.Indian Black granite neSouth African granite zvakafanana neJinan Black Granite, asi maitiro avo emuviri ari pasi peJinan Black Granite.ZHHIMG icharamba ichitsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvegranite munyika uye kuenzanisa zvimiro zvavo zvemuviri.
Kuti utaure zvakawanda nezve granite iyo yakakodzera purojekiti yako, ndapota taura nesuinfo@zhhimg.com.
Vagadziri vakasiyana vanoshandisa zviyero zvakasiyana.Kune mipimo yakawanda munyika.
DIN Standard, ASME B89.3.7-2013 kana Federal Specification GGG-P-463c (Granite Surface Plates) zvichingodaro sehwaro hwezvavanoda.
Uye isu tinokwanisa kugadzira granite chaiyo yekuongorora ndiro zvinoenderana nezvaunoda.Kugamuchirwa kuti utitane nesu kana iwe uchida kuziva rumwe ruzivo nezve mamwe maitiro.
Kufuratira kunogona kutariswa semapoinzi ese ari pamusoro ari mukati mendege mbiri dzakafanana, ndege yepasi uye denga remba.Kuyerwa kwechinhambwe pakati pendege ndiko kureba kwese kwepasi.Uku kuyerwa kweflatness kunowanzo kutakura kushivirira uye kunogona kusanganisira zita regiredhi.
Semuyenzaniso, kushivirira kweflatness kwemagiredhi matatu akajairwa kunotsanangurwa mune yemubatanidzwa zvirevo zvinotemerwa neinotevera fomula:
■ Murabhoritari Giredhi AA = (40 + diagonal squared/25) x .000001" (unilateral)
■ Yekuongorora Giredhi A = Murabhoritari Giredhi AA x 2
■ Kamuri Yezvishandiso Giredhi B = Murabhoritari Giredhi AA x 4.
Kune akajairwa saizi yepasi mahwendefa, isu tinovimbisa flatness kushivirira iyo inodarika zvinodikanwa zveiyi yakatarwa.Pamusoro pekupfava, ASME B89.3.7-2013 & Federal Specification GGG-P-463c kero misoro inosanganisira: kudzokorora kuyerwa kurongeka, zvinhu zvemukati giraniti repamusoro, kupera kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yekutsigira, kuoma, nzira dzinogamuchirwa dzekuongorora, kuisirwa threaded kuisa, nezvimwewo.
ZHHIMG mahwendefa epamusoro pegranite uye mahwendefa ekuongorora egraniti anosangana kana kudarika zvese zvinodikanwa zvakataurwa mukutsanangurwa uku.Parizvino, hapana kutsanangudza kutsanangurwa kwegranite angle plate, parallel, kana master squares.
Uye iwe unogona kuwana mafomula emamwe zviyero mukatiDOWNLOAD.
Kutanga, zvakakosha kuchengeta ndiro yakachena.Guruva rinoputirwa nemhepo rinowanzo nyanya kupfekwa uye kubvaruka pandiro, sezvo rinowanzo nyura muzvidimbu zvebasa uye nzvimbo dzekusangana dzemagaji.Chechipiri, vhara ndiro yako kuti uidzivirire kubva kuguruva uye kukuvara.Upenyu hwekupfeka hunogona kuwedzerwa nekuvhara ndiro kana isiri kushandiswa, nekutenderedza ndiro nguva nenguva kuitira kuti nzvimbo imwe chete isagamuchire kushandiswa kwakanyanya, uye nekutsiva mapedhi esimbi pagauging ne carbide pads.Uyewo, rega kuisa zvokudya kana zvinwiwa mundiro.Ziva kuti zvinwiwa zvakawanda zvine kabhoni kana phosphoric acid, inogona kunyungudutsa zvicherwa zvakapfava uye kusiya makomba madiki pamusoro.
Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti ndiro iri kushandiswa sei.Kana zvichibvira, tinokurudzira kuchenesa ndiro pakutanga kwezuva (kana basa rekushanda) uye zvakare pakupera.Kana ndiro yacho ikasvibiswa, kunyanya nemvura ine mafuta kana inonamira, inofanira kunge yacheneswa nekukasika.
Geza ndiro nguva nenguva nemvura kana ZHHIMG isina mvura pamusoro peplate cleaner.Sarudzo yekuchenesa mhinduro yakakosha.Kana iyo inoputika inoshandiswa inoshandiswa (acetone, lacquer thinner, doro, nezvimwewo) iyo evaporation ichatonhora pamusoro, uye inokanganisa.Muchiitiko ichi, zvinodikanwa kubvumira ndiro yacho kuti igadzirise isati yaishandisa kana zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvichaitika.
Nguva yenguva inodiwa kuti ndiro igadzikane ichasiyana nehukuru hwendiro, uye huwandu hwekutonhora.Awa inofanira kukwana ndiro diki.Maawa maviri angadiwa kune ndiro huru.Kana mvura-based cleaner ikashandiswa, pachavawo nekutonhorwa kwemvura.
Iyo ndiro inozochengetawo mvura, uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera ngura yezvikamu zvesimbi zvakasangana nepamusoro.Vamwe vanochenesa vanosiyawo zvakasara zvakanamira mushure mekunge vaoma, izvo zvinokwezva guruva remhepo, uye chaizvo kuwedzera kupfeka, pane kudzikisira.
Izvi zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kweplate uye nharaunda.Isu tinokurudzira kuti ndiro itsva kana precision granite accessory igamuchire gadziriso izere mukati megore rimwe chete rekutenga.Kana iyo granite pamusoro peplate ichaona kushandiswa kwakanyanya, zvingave zvakanaka kupfupisa iyi nguva kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu.Kuongorora kwepamwedzi kwekudzokorora zvikanganiso zvekuyera uchishandisa chiyero cheElectroniki, kana mudziyo wakafanana unoratidza chero nzvimbo dziri kusimukira dzekupfeka uye zvinongotora maminetsi mashoma kuita.Mushure mekunge mhedzisiro yekutanga kudzokororwa yatemerwa, nguva yecalibration inogona kuwedzerwa kana kupfupikiswa sekubvumidzwa kana kudiwa neiyo yemukati mhando system.
Isu tinogona kupa sevhisi kuti ikubatsire kuongorora uye kugadzirisa yako granite pamusoro peplate.
Pane zvinoverengeka zvinokonzeresa mutsauko pakati pecalibrations:
- Iyo yepamusoro yakashambidzwa neinopisa kana kutonhora mhinduro isati yagadziriswa, uye haina kubvumidzwa nguva yakakwana yekujairira.
- Iyo ndiro inotsigirwa zvisina kunaka
- Kuchinja kwekushisa
- Drafts
- Chiedza chezuva chakananga kana kumwe kupisa kunopenya pamusoro pendiro.Iva nechokwadi chokuti chiedza chepamusoro hachisi kupisa pamusoro
- Kusiyana kwetembiricha yakatwasuka pakati pechando nechirimo (Kana zvichibvira, ziva tembiricha yakatwasuka panguva inogadziriswa.)
- Plate haibvumidzwe nguva yakakwana yekumisikidza mushure mekutumira
- Kusashandisa zvisina kunaka kwemidziyo yekuongorora kana kushandisa isina-calibrated midziyo
- Kuchinja kwechiso kunokonzerwa nekupfeka
Kune akawanda mafekitori, makamuri ekuongorora uye marabhoritari, chaiyo granite pamusoro mahwendefa anovimbwa nawo sehwaro hwekuyerwa kwakaringana.Nekuti chiyero chega chega chinotsamira pane chaiyo referensi nzvimbo inotorwa zviyero zvekupedzisira, mahwendefa epamusoro anopa yakanakisa ndege yekutarisa yekuongorora basa uye marongero isati yaitwa.Iwo zvakare mabhesi akanakisa ekugadzira kuyerwa kwehurefu uye gaging nzvimbo.Kupfuurirazve, dhigirii repamusoro rekudzikama, kugadzikana, hunhu hwese uye hunyanzvi hunovaita sarudzo yakanaka yekumisikidza yakaomesesa mechanika, yemagetsi uye yemaziso gaging masisitimu.Kune chero yeaya maitiro ekuyerwa, zvakakosha kuchengetedza pamusoro peplateti yakagadziriswa.
Dzokorora zviyero uye flatness
Zvese zviri zviviri flatness uye kudzokorora zviyero zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chepamusoro.Kufuratira kunogona kutariswa semapoinzi ese ari pamusoro ari mukati mendege mbiri dzakafanana, ndege yepasi uye denga remba.Kuyerwa kwechinhambwe pakati pendege ndiko kureba kwese kwepasi.Uku kuyerwa kweflatness kunowanzo kutakura kushivirira uye kunogona kusanganisira zita regiredhi.
Iwo kushivirira kweflatness kwemagiredhi matatu akajairwa anotsanangurwa mune yemubatanidzwa mamiriro sekutsanangurwa neinotevera fomula:
DIN Standard, GB Standard, ASME Standard, JJS standard... nyika dzakasiyana dzine mastand akasiyana...
Mukuwedzera kune flatness, kudzokorora kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi.Kudzokorodza kuyerwa kuyerwa kwenzvimbo dzakafuratira.Icho chiyero chinotorwa chero pamusoro pendiro inozodzokorora mukati mekushivirira kwakataurwa.Kudzora kupfava kwenzvimbo kune kushivirira kwakasimba kupfuura kupfava kwese kunovimbisa kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma mukupfava kwepamusoro, nekudaro kuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ndiro yepasi inosangana nekudzika uye kudzokorora kuyerwa kwezviyero, vagadziri vegranite pamusoro pemahwendefa vanofanirwa kushandisa Federal Specification GGG-P-463c sehwaro hwezvavanoda.Iyi chiyero inogadzirisa kudzokororwa kuyerwa kwechiyero, zvinhu zvepasi plate granite, kupera kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yekutsigira, kuomarara, nzira dzinogamuchirwa dzekuongorora uye kuisirwa tambo dzakaiswa.
Kuongorora Plate Kururama
Nekutevera mashoma akareruka nhungamiro, investimendi mune granite pamusoro peplate inofanira kugara kwemakore mazhinji.Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kweplate, nharaunda yechitoro uye kurongeka kunodiwa, kuwanda kwekutarisa kurongeka kweplateti kunosiyana.Mutemo mukuru wegunwe ndewekuti ndiro itsva igamuchire recalibration yakazara mukati megore rimwe chete rekutenga.Kana ndiro inoshandiswa kakawanda, zvinokurudzirwa kupfupisa nguva iyi kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu.
Isati yapfeka ndiro yekumusoro kupfuura kutsanangurwa kwese kupfava, inoratidza yakasakara kana wavy posts.Kuongorora kwemwedzi wega wega kudzokororwa kuyerwa zvikanganiso uchishandisa kudzokorora kuverenga gage kuchaona nzvimbo dzekupfeka.Kudzokorora kuverenga gage chishandiso chepamusoro-chaizvo chinoona kukanganisa kwenzvimbo uye chinogona kuratidzwa pane yakakwirira magnification yemagetsi amplifier.
Chirongwa chekuongorora chinoshanda chinofanirwa kusanganisira kutariswa nguva dzose neautocollimator, ichipa chaiyo calibration yeflatness yese inoteedzerwa kuNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).Yakakwana calibration nemugadziri kana kambani yakazvimirira inodiwa nguva nenguva.
Kusiyana Pakati peCalibrations
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane misiyano pakati pepamusoro peplate calibrations.Dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja kwepasi kunokonzerwa nekupfeka, kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemidziyo yekuongorora kana kushandiswa kwemidziyo isina kuverengerwa kunogona kuverengera misiyano iyi.Izvo zvinhu zviviri zvakajairika, zvisinei, tembiricha uye tsigiro.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakasiyana-siyana ndeyekushisa.Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yacho inogona kunge yakagezwa nemushonga unopisa kana kutonhora usati wagadziriswa uye isingabvumirwe nguva yakakwana yekumisikidza.Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwetembiricha zvinosanganisira madhiramu emhepo inotonhora kana inopisa, chiedza chezuva chakananga, kuvheneka pamusoro kana zvimwe zvinopisa zvinopenya pamusoro pendiro.
Ikoko zvakare kunogona kuve nekusiyana kweiyo tembiricha gradient pakati pechando nezhizha.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ndiro haibvumirwi nguva yakakwana yekugadzirisa mushure mekutakura.Ipfungwa yakanaka kurekodha tembiricha yakatwasuka gradient panguva iyo calibration inoitwa.
Chimwe chikonzero chinowanzokonzera kuchinja kwekugadzirisa ndiro ndiro inotsigirwa zvisina kunaka.Indiro yepamusoro inofanirwa kutsigirwa pamapoinzi matatu, anowanikwa 20% yehurefu kubva kumigumo yendiro.Zvitsigiso zviviri zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa 20% yehupamhi mukati kubva kumativi akareba, uye tsigiro yasara inofanirwa kuve pakati.
Mapoinzi matatu chete anogona kuzorora akasimba pane chero chinhu kunze kwenzvimbo chaiyo.Kuedza kutsigira ndiro pane anopfuura matatu mapoinzi kuchaita kuti ndiro igamuchire rutsigiro rwayo kubva kune akasiyana misanganiswa yemapoinzi matatu, ayo asingazove akafanana mapoinzi matatu payaitsigirwa panguva yekugadzirwa.Izvi zvinounza kukanganisa sezvo ndiro inotsauka kuti ienderane nerutsigiro rutsva.Funga kushandisa zvigadziko zvesimbi zvine matanda ekutsigira zvakagadzirirwa kuenderana nenzvimbo dzekutsigira dzakafanira.Mastand echinangwa ichi anowanzo kuwanikwa kubva kumugadziri weplate yepamusoro.
Kana ndiro yacho yakatsigirwa nemazvo, kuenzana chaiko kunongodiwa chete kana application ichitaura.Kukwirisa hakudiwi kuchengetedza kurongeka kweplate yakatsigirwa zvakanaka.
Wedzera Plate Hupenyu
Kutevera nhungamiro shoma kunoderedza kusakara pane granite pamusoro peplate uye pakupedzisira, kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo.
Kutanga, zvakakosha kuchengeta ndiro yakachena.Guruva rinopfurwa nemhepo rinowanzo nyanya kupfekwa uye kubvaruka pandiro, sezvo rinowanzo nyura mumidziyo yebasa uye nzvimbo yekubata yegeji.
Zvakakoshawo kuvhara mahwendefa kuti adzivirire kubva kuguruva uye kukanganisa.Hupenyu hwekupfeka hunogona kuwedzerwa nekuvhara ndiro kana isiri kushandiswa.
Tenderedza ndiro nguva nenguva kuitira kuti nzvimbo imwe chete isagamuchire kushandiswa kwakanyanya.Zvakare, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva simbi yekubata pads pane gauging ne carbide pads.
Dzivisa kuisa zvokudya kana zvinwiwa mundiro.Zvinwiwa zvakawanda zvine kabhoni kana phosphoric acid, inogona kunyungudutsa zvicherwa zvakapfava uye kusiya makomba madiki pamusoro.
Kwekudzokera
Kana giraniti repamusoro peplate richida kudzokororwa, funga kuti sevhisi iyi iitwe pa-saiti kana panzvimbo yekuenzanisa.Zvinogara zvakanaka kuti ndiro idzokororwe pafekitari kana nzvimbo yakatsaurirwa.Kana, zvisinei, ndiro yacho isina kunyanya kupfekwa, kazhinji mukati me 0.001 inch yeinodiwa kushivirira, inogona kudzoserwa pa-saiti.Kana ndiro yakapfekwa kusvika painodarika 0.001 inch kubva mukushivirira, kana kuti yakashata kana kuti yanamwa, inofanira kutumirwa kufekitori kunogayiwa isati yadzokororwa.
Nzvimbo yekuyeresa ine midziyo uye fekitori marongero inopa mamiriro akakwana ekugadziriswa kweplate uye kushandazve kana zvichidikanwa.
Kuchenjerera kukuru kunofanirwa kuitwa pakusarudza pa-saiti calibration uye tekinoroji yekumisikidza.Bvunza kubvumidzwa uye simbisa iyo midziyo ichashandiswa nenyanzvi ine inoteedzera calibration.Chiitiko zvakare chinhu chakakosha, sezvo zvichitora makore mazhinji kudzidza nzira yekunyatso lap chaiyo granite.
Zviyero zvakakosha zvinotanga neplate yepamusoro yegranite chaiyo sehwaro.Nekuve nechokwadi chereferensi yakavimbika nekushandisa yakaribrated pamusoro peplate, vagadziri vane chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuyera kuyerwa uye zvikamu zviri nani.Q
Rondedzero yeCalibration Kusiyana
1. Nzvimbo yacho yakashambidzwa nemhinduro inopisa kana inotonhora isati yagadziriswa uye yakanga isingabvumirwi nguva yakakwana yekugadzirisa.
2. Ndiro inotsigirwa zvisina kunaka.
3. Kuchinja kwekushisa.
4. Drafts.
5. Chiedza chezuva chakananga kana kumwe kupisa kunopenya pamusoro pendiro.Iva nechokwadi chokuti chiedza chepamusoro hachisi kupisa pamusoro.
6. Kusiyana kwe tembiricha yakatwasuka pakati pechando nezhizha.Kana zvichikwanisika, ziva tembiricha yakatwasuka gradient panguva yaiitwa calibration.
7. Plate isingabvumirwi nguva yakakwana kuti igadzirise mushure mekutumira.
8. Kusashandisa zvisina kunaka kwemidziyo yekuongorora kana kushandiswa kwemidziyo isina kukwana.
9. Kuchinja kwechiso kunokonzerwa nekupfeka.
Tech Tips
- Nekuti chiyero chega chega chinotsamira pane chaiyo referensi nzvimbo inotorwa zviyero zvekupedzisira, mahwendefa epamusoro anopa yakanakisa ndege yekutarisa yekuongorora basa uye marongero isati yaitwa.
- Kudzora kupfava kwenzvimbo kune kushivirira kwakasimba kupfuura kupfava kwese kunovimbisa kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma mukupfava kwepamusoro, nekudaro kuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo.
- Chirongwa chekuongorora chinoshanda chinofanirwa kusanganisira kutariswa nguva dzose neautocollimator, ichipa chaiyo calibration yeflatness yese inoteedzerwa kuNational Inspection Authority.
Pakati pemamineral particles anoumba granite, inopfuura 90% ndeye feldspar uye quartz, iyo feldspar ndiyo yakawanda.Iyo feldspar inowanzo chena, grey, uye nyama-tsvuku, uye quartz kazhinji isina ruvara kana greyish chena, iyo inoumba yakakosha ruvara rwegranite.Feldspar uye quartz zvicherwa zvakaoma, uye zvakaoma kufamba nebanga resimbi.Kana ari mavara akasviba mugranite, kunyanya dema mica, kune mamwe mamineral.Kunyange zvazvo biotite yakanyanyisa kupfava, kukwanisa kwayo kurwisa kushushikana hakusi kusimba, uye panguva imwechete vane zvishoma mugranite, kazhinji pasi pe10%.Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu umo granite inonyanya kusimba.
Chimwe chikonzero nei granite yakasimba ndeyokuti maminerari ayo akasungwa zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe uye akabatanidzwa mune mumwe nemumwe.Iyo pores inowanzoita isingasviki 1% yehuwandu hwedombo.Izvi zvinopa granite kugona kutsungirira kumanikidza kwakasimba uye haipindi nyore nehunyoro.
Zvikamu zvegranite zvinogadzirwa nematombo asina ngura, asidhi uye alkali kuramba, kumira kwakanaka kwekupfeka uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, hapana gadziriso yakakosha.Granite chaiyo zvikamu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukushandisa muindasitiri yemuchina.Nokudaro, anonzi granite precision components kana granite components.Hunhu hwegranite chaiyo zvikamu zvakangofanana neaya emapuratifomu egranite.Nhanganyaya yekushandisa uye kuyerwa kwegranite chaiyo zvikamu: Precision machining uye diki machining tekinoroji yakakosha nzira yekusimudzira yeindasitiri yekugadzira michina, uye vava chiratidzo chakakosha kuyera yakakwirira-tech nhanho.Iko kuvandudza tekinoroji yekucheka-kumucheto uye indasitiri yekudzivirira haina kupatsanurika kubva kune chaiyo machining uye micro-machining tekinoroji.Zvikamu zvegranite zvinogona kutsvedza muchiyero, pasina kumira.Kuyera kwepamusoro pebasa, kukwenya kwakajairwa hakukanganisi kuyerwa kwechiyero.Granite zvikamu zvinoda kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvedivi rekudiwa.
Nzvimbo yekushandisa:
Sezvo isu tese tichiziva yakawanda uye yakawanda michina nemidziyo iri kusarudza chaiyo granite zvikamu.
Granite zvikamu zvinoshandiswa kune dynamic kufamba, linear motors, cmm, cnc, laser muchina ...
tinokugamuchirai kuti tibatane nesu kune rumwe ruzivo.
Zvishandiso zvekuyeresa girenati uye zvimisikidzwa zvegranite zvinogadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro Jinan Nhema girenati.Nekuda kwehutsanana hwadzo hwepamusoro, hurefu hwenguva, kugadzikana kwakanaka uye kuramba kwecorrosion, dzave dzichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora chigadzirwa cheindasitiri yemazuva ano nenzvimbo dzesainzi senge mechanical aero space uye tsvagiridzo dzesainzi.
Zvakanakira
----Kaviri kuoma sesimbi yakakandwa;
----Kuchinja kushoma kwehukuru kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwekushisa;
---- Yemahara kubva pakumonyorora, saka hapana kukanganiswa kwebasa;
----Kusununguka kubva kune maburrs kana protrusions nekuda kwechimiro chezviyo zvakanaka uye kunamatira kusingakoshi, izvo zvinovimbisa hupamhi hwepamusoro hwehurefu hwehupenyu hwesevhisi uye kusakonzera kukuvadzwa kune zvimwe zvikamu kana zviridzwa;
-------isina dambudziko rekushandisa nemagineti zvinhu;
---- Hupenyu hurefu uye husina ngura, zvichikonzera mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa.
Iwo chaiwo egranite epamusoro mahwendefa akakwenenzverwa kune yakakwira mwero wekupfava kuti uwane chokwadi uye anoshandiswa sechigadziko chekukwirisa akaomesesa mechanika, emagetsi uye optical gauging masisitimu.
Zvimwe zvezvakasarudzika zvegranite pamusoro peplate:
Kufanana muKuoma;
Yakarurama pasi pemutoro Mamiriro;
Vibration Absorbent;
Nyore Kuchenesa;
Wrap Resistant;
Low Porosity;
Non-Abrasive;
Kwete-Magineti
Zvakanakira zveGranite Surface Plate
Kutanga, dombo mushure menguva refu yekuchembera kwechisikigo, chimiro cheyunifomu, coefficient zvishoma, kushushikana kwemukati kunyangarika zvachose, kwete kuremara, saka iyo chaiyo yakakwira.
Chechipiri, hapazovi nekukwenya, kwete pasi pemamiriro ekushisa anogara aripo, pane tembiricha yekamuri inogonawo kuchengetedza kurongeka kwekuyera kuyerwa.
Chechitatu, kwete magnetization, kuyerwa kunogona kuve kwakatsetseka kufamba, hapana creaky kunzwa, kusakanganiswa nehunyoro, ndege inogadziriswa.
Chechina, kuomarara kwakanaka, kuomarara kwacho kwakakwira, kurwisa kweabrasion kwakasimba.
shanu, kwete kutya asidhi, alkaline mvura kukukurwa, hazvizoiti ngura, hazvifanirwe kupenda mafuta, hazvisi nyore kunamira micro-guruva, kuchengetedza, nyore kuchengetedza, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Sei uchisarudza chigadziko chegranite panzvimbo yemubhedha wesimbi wesimbi?
1. Granite muchina base yaigona kuchengeta yakanyatsojeka kupfuura cast iron muchina base.cast iron muchina base inokanganiswa nyore nekupisa uye humidity asi granite muchina base hauzodaro;
2. Nehukuru hwakafanana hwemashini egranite base uye chigadziko chesimbi yakakandwa, nheyo yemuchina wegranite inonyanya kudhura kupfuura simbi yakakandwa;
3. Special granite machine base iri nyore kupedzwa pane cast iron machine base.
Mapuleti epamusoro pegranite zvishandiswa zvakakosha mukuongorora marabhu munyika yose.Iyo yakatemerwa, yakanyatsoti sandara pamusoro peplate yepamusoro inogonesa vaongorori kuti vavashandise sehwaro hwechikamu chekuongorora uye kugadzirisa chiridzwa.Pasina kugadzikana kunopihwa nemaplateti epamusoro, akawanda ezvikamu zvinoshivirira zvakasimba munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzetekinoroji uye zvekurapa zvaizonyanya kuoma, kana zvisingaite, kugadzira nemazvo.Zvechokwadi, kushandisa granite pamusoro pekuvhara uye kuongorora zvimwe zvinhu uye maturusi, kurongeka kwegraniti pachayo kunofanira kuongororwa.Vashandisi vanogona kuenzanisa granite pamusoro peplate kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chayo.
Chenesa granite pamusoro peplate pamberi pekugadzirisa.Dururirai chidimbu chiduku cheplate yekuchenesa pamucheka wakachena, wakapfava uye pukuta pamusoro pegraniti.Pakarepo omesa muchenesi kubva paplate yepamusoro nemucheka wakaoma.Usabvumira mvura yekuchenesa kuti iome-mhepo.
Isa chiyero chekuyera chechipiri pakati pegranite pamusoro peplate.
Zero iyo yekudzokorora geji yekuyeresa kumusoro kwendiro yegraniti.
Fambisa geji zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pepamusoro pegraniti.Tarisa chiratidziro chegeji uye rekodha makwiriro emhando ipi neipi yakasiyana-siyana paunenge uchifambisa chiridzwa mundiro.
Enzanisa kudzikama kuchinjika pamusoro pepamusoro peplate nekushivirira kweplate rako repamusoro, iro rinosiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hweplate uye giredhi regranite.Bvunza federal specification GGG-P-463c (ona Zvishandiso) kuti uone kana ndiro yako inosangana nekudzikama zvinodiwa pakukura kwayo uye giredhi.Musiyano pakati penzvimbo yepamusoro-soro pandiro uye nzvimbo yakaderera pane ndiro kuyerwa kwayo.
Tarisa kuti kudzika kukuru kwakasiyana kuri pamusoro peplate kunowira mukati meiyo kudzokorora zvirevo zveplate yehukuru uye giredhi.Bvunza federal zvakatemwa GGG-P-463c (ona Zvishandiso) kuti uone kana ndiro yako ichizadzisa zvinodzokororwa zvinodiwa pakukura kwayo.Ramba ndiro yepamusoro kana kunyange imwe poindi ikatadza kudzokorora zvinodiwa.
Rega kushandisa granite surface plate iyo inotadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nehurumende.Dzosera ndiro kune mugadziri kana kukambani yegranite pamusoro pepamusoro kuti bhuroko rikwenenzverwa kuti rienderane nezvinodiwa.
Zano
Ita zvigadziriso zviri pamutemo kamwechete pagore, kunyangwe mahwendefa epamusoro egranite achiona kushandiswa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kuverengerwa kakawanda.
Yakarongeka, inorekodhwa calibration mukugadzira kana yekuongorora nharaunda inowanzoitwa nemhando yekusimbisa kana wekunze calibration masevhisi mutengesi, kunyangwe chero munhu anogona kushandisa yekudzokorora geji yekuyeresa kutarisa zvisina kurongwa ndiro yepasi isati yashandiswa.
Nhoroondo Yekutanga yeGranite Surface Plates
Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika, Vagadziri vakashandisa Steel Surface Plates yekuongorora mativi ezvikamu.Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II kudiwa kwesimbi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye akawanda eSimbi Surface Plates akanyungudutswa.Kutsiva kwaidiwa, uye Granite yakava chinhu chesarudzo nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwemetrological.
Zvakawanda zvakanakira giraniti pamusoro pesimbi zvakava pachena.Granite yakaoma, kunyange yakanyanya brittle uye iri pasi pekucheka.Iwe unogona kupeta Granite kune yakanyanya kupfava uye nekukurumidza kupfuura simbi.Granite inewo pfuma inodiwa yekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kupisa kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi.Uyezve, kana ndiro yesimbi yaida kugadziriswa, yaifanira kukweshwa nemaoko nenyanzvi dzaishandisawo unyanzvi hwadzo mukugadzirazve maturusi emuchina.
Sechinyorwa chepadivi, mamwe Simbi Yepamusoro Plate achiri kushandiswa nhasi.
Metrological Properties yeGranite Plates
Granite idombo rinopisa rakagadzirwa nekuputika kwemakomo.Nokuenzanisa, marble is metamorphosed limestone.Pakushandisa metrology, giraniti rakasarudzwa rinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakatsanangurwa muFederal Specification GGG-P-463c, kubva zvino zvichinzi Fed Specs, uye kunyanya, Chikamu 3.1 3.1 Pakati peFed Specs, giraniti inofanira kuva yakanaka kune yepakati-grained texture.
Granite chinhu chakaoma, asi kuoma kwayo kunosiyana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.Nyanzvi ine ruzivo rwegranite plate inogona kufungidzira kuoma neruvara rwayo inova chiratidzo cheiyo quartz.Granite kuomarara inzvimbo inotsanangurwa muchidimbu nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwequartz uye kushomeka kwe mica.Iwo matsvuku nepingi magranite anowanzova akaomarara, mapfumbu ari pakati nepakati, uye matema ndiwo akapfava.
Mudiki's Modulus yeElasticity inoshandiswa kuratidza kuchinjika kana kuratidza kuoma kwedombo.Pink granite avhareji 3-5 mapoinzi pachiyero, grey 5-7 mapoinzi uye vatema 7-10 mapoinzi.Iyo diki nhamba, iyo yakaoma iyo granite inoratidzika kuva.Iyo yakakura nhamba, iyo yakapfava uye yakanyanya kuchinjika granite ndeye.Zvakakosha kuziva kuomarara kweGranite pakusarudza ukobvu hunodiwa kune kushivirira mamakisi uye huremu hwezvikamu uye geji yakaiswa pairi.
Mumazuva ekare apo kwaiva nenyanzvi dzekugadzira michina chaidzo, dzaizivikanwa netumabhukwana twavo twepatafura muhomwe dzehembe, granite nhema yaionekwa se "Yakanakisisa."Iyo Yakanakisisa inotsanangurwa semhando iyo yakapa yakanyanya kuramba kupfeka kana yakaoma.Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekuti magranite akaomarara anowanzoita chip kana kudonhedza zviri nyore.Machinist aive nechokwadi chekuti granite nhema yaive yakanakisa zvekuti vamwe vagadziri vepink granite vakaidhaya dema.
Ini pachangu ndakazvionera ndiro yakadonhedzwa paforklift payakatamiswa kubva pakuchengeterwa.Ndiro yakarova pasi ichibva yatsemuka nepakati ichiratidza ruvara rwepingi rwechokwadi.Shandisa kungwarira kana uchironga kutenga dema regranite kubva kuChina.Tinokurudzira kuti utadze mari yako neimwe nzira.Indiro yegranite inogona kusiyana mukuoma mukati mayo.Mutsetse we quartz unogona kuoma zvakanyanya kupfuura yese yeplate yepamusoro.A layer yeblack gabbro inogona kuita kuti nzvimbo ive nyoro.Akanyatso dzidziswa, ane ruzivo pamusoro pekugadzirisa plate techs anoziva kubata idzi nzvimbo dzakapfava.
Surface Plate Magiredhi
Kune magiredhi mana emaplateti epamusoro.Murabhoritari giredhi AA neA, Room Inspection Giredhi B, uye yechina iBaredhi reWokishopu.Giredhi AA uye A ndiwo akanyanya kunaka ane flatness kushivirira zviri nani pane 0.00001 mune yeGiredhi AA ndiro.Magiredhi eWokishopu ari iwo mashoma furati uye sekureva kwazvinoita, anoitirwa kushandiswa mumakamuri emidziyo.Iko seGiredhi AA, Giredhi A uye Giredhi B zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mukuongorora kana mhando yekudzora lab.
Proper Testing For Surface Plate Calibration
Ndagara ndichiudza vatengi vangu kuti ndinogona kudhonza chero ane makore gumi kubva muchechi yangu uye kuvadzidzisa mumazuva mashoma nzira yekuyedza ndiro.Hazvina kuoma.Zvinoda imwe nzira yekuita basa nekukurumidza, matekiniki ayo munhu anodzidza kuburikidza nenguva uye kudzokorora kwakawanda.Ini ndinofanira kukuzivisa, uye ini handikwanise kusimbisa zvakakwana, Fed Spec GGG-P-463c HAISI maitiro ekuenzanisa!Zvimwe pane izvozvo gare gare.
Calibration yeyakazara flatness (Mean Pane) uye Kudzokororwa (yemuno kupfeka) macheki anofanirwa Zvinoenderana neFed Specs.Iyo chete inosarudzika kune iyi ine mahwendefa madiki uko kudzokorora kunongodiwa.
Zvakare, uye zvakangooma semamwe bvunzo, ndiyo bvunzo yemafuta ekupisa.(Ona Delta T pazasi)
Mufananidzo 1
Flatness Testing ine nzira ina dzakatenderwa.Electronic mazinga, autocollimation, laser uye mudziyo unozivikanwa senzvimbo yendege.Isu tinongoshandisa mazinga emagetsi nekuti ndiwo akanyanya uye anokurumidza nzira yezvikonzero zvakati wandei.
Lasers uye autocollimators anoshandisa yakatwasuka danda rechiedza sereferensi.Imwe inoita kuyerwa kwakatwasuka kwegranite pamusoro peplate nekuenzanisa mutsauko uri kure pakati peplate repamusoro nemwenje wechiedza.Nekutora mwenje wakatwasuka wechiedza, uchirovera pane chinotsvedza uchifambisa chinongedzo chinodzika pasi peplate yepamusoro, chinhambwe chiri pakati pedanda rakaburitswa uye danda rekudzoka kuyerwa kwekutwasuka.
Heino dambudziko nenzira iyi.Icho chinonangwa uye kwacho chinokanganiswa nekuzunguzika, ambient tembiricha, isingasviki yakafuratira kana yakakwenya chinangwa, kusvibiswa mumhepo, uye kufamba kwemhepo (ikozvino).Zvose izvi zvinopa zvimwe zvikamu zvekukanganisa.Uyezve, mupiro wekukanganisa kwemushandisi kubva kumacheki ane autocollimator yakakura.
Mushandisi ane ruzivo rweautocollimator anogona kuita zviyero chaizvo asi achiri kutarisana nematambudziko nekuenderana kwekuverenga kunyanya pamusoro pemadaro marefu sezvo maratidziro achiwedzera kuwedzera kana kudzima zvishoma.Zvakare, yakaderera pane yakanyatso furatirwa tarisiro uye zuva refu rekutarisa kuburikidza nelenzi rinoburitsa mamwe zvikanganiso.
Muchina wekuona ndege wakapusa.Chishandiso ichi chinoshandisa yakati twasa (sezvichienzanisa neyakanyanya kutwasanudza collimated kana laser beam yechiedza) sereferensi yayo.Haisi chete iyo mechanic mudziyo inoshandisa chiratidzo chinowanzoitika che 20 u Inch resolution asi iyo isina kutwasuka kwebhari uye zvakasiyana zvinhu zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kuzvikanganiso mukuyera.Semaonero edu, kunyangwe nzira yacho ichigamuchirwa, hapana lab inokwanisa ingamboshandisa mudziyo wekutsvaga ndege semudziyo wekupedzisira wekuongorora.
Mazinga emagetsi anoshandisa simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi sereferensi yavo.Akasiyana emagetsi mazinga haakonzerwi nekudengenyeka.Vane chigadziriso chakaderera se .1 arc sekondi uye kuyerwa kuri kukurumidza, kwakaringana uye kune mupiro mudiki wekukanganisa kubva kune ane ruzivo mushandisi.Hapana Plane Locators kana autocollimators inopa komputa-inogadzirwa topographical (Mufananidzo 1) kana isometric zvirongwa (Mufananidzo 2) wepamusoro.
Mufananidzo 2
Yakakodzera Flatness yeSurface Test
Kudzikama kwakaringana kwekuyedzwa kwepamusoro chikamu chakakosha chebepa rino ndingadai ndakariisa pakutanga.Sezvambotaurwa, Fed Spec.GGG-p-463c HAISI nzira yekuenzanisa.Inoshanda segwara kune akawanda maficha emetrology giredhi granite ane chinangwa mutengi chero Federal Government Agency, uye iyo inosanganisira nzira dzekuyedza uye kushivirira kana mamakisi.Kana kontrakta achiti vanotevedzera Fed Specs, ipapo kukosha kweflatness kuchatemwa neMoody Method.
Moody aive shamwari kubva kumashure kuma50's akagadzira nzira yemasvomhu yekuona kufuratirwa kwese uye nhoroondo yekumisikidzwa kwemitsara yakaedzwa, ingave iri pedyo zvakakwana mundege imwe chete.Hapana chakashanduka.Allied Signal yakaedza kuvandudza panzira yemasvomhu asi yakagumisa kuti misiyano yacho yaive idiki zvekuti yakanga isingakodzeri kuedza.
Kana mugadziri weplate yepamusoro achishandisa Electronic Levels kana kuti laser, anoshandisa kombiyuta kumubatsira kuita makombiyuta.Pasina komputa batsira nyanzvi inoshandisa autocollimation inofanira kuverenga kuverenga nemaoko.Kutaura zvazviri, havadaro.Zvinotora nguva yakareba uye kutaura chokwadi zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kunetsa.Muyedzo yekupfava ichishandisa Moody Method, tekinoroji anoedza mitsetse misere muUnion Jack kumisikidzwa kwekutwasanuka.
Iyo Moody Method
Iyo Moody Method inzira yemasvomhu yekuona kana mitsetse misere iri mundege imwechete.Zvikasadaro, iwe unongove nemitsetse 8 yakatwasuka inogona kana kusave pairi kana pedyo nendege imwechete.Kupfuurirazve, kontrakta anoti anotevedzera Fed Spec, uye anoshandisa autocollimation, iye.anofaniragadzira mapeji masere edata.Peji rimwe remutsara wega wega wakatariswa kuratidza kuyedzwa kwake, kugadzirisa, kana zvese.Zvikasadaro, kontrakta haazive kuti iyo chaiyo flatness kukosha chii.
Ndine chokwadi kana iwe uri mumwe weayo anoita kuti mahwendefa ako aenzaniswe nekontrakta achishandisa autocollimation, hausati wamboona iwo mapeji!Mufananidzo 3 muenzaniso weimwe chetepeji yesere inodiwa kuverengera kuwanda kwese.Chiratidzo chimwe chekusaziva uye hutsinye ndechekuti chirevo chako chine manhamba akatenderedzwa akanaka.Semuyenzaniso, 200, 400, 650, zvichingodaro. Kukosha kwakanyatsokombwa nhamba chaiyo.Somuenzaniso 325.4 u In.Kana kondirakiti ichishandisa iyo Moody Method yemakomputa, uye tekinoroji achiverenga hunhu nemaoko, iwe unofanirwa kugamuchira sere mapeji e computations uye isometric plot.Iyo isometric plot inoratidza hurefu hwakasiyana mumitsetse yakasiyana uye kuti kureba kwakadii kunopatsanura nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzinopindirana.
Mufananidzo 3(Zvinotora mapeji masere akadai kuti averenge flatness nemaoko. Iva nechokwadi chekubvunza kuti sei usiri kuwana izvi kana kontrakta wako akashandisa autocollimation!)
Mufananidzo 4
Dimensional Gauge matekiniki anoshandisa mazinga akasiyana (Mufananidzo 4) semidziyo inosarudzwa kuyera shanduko yemaminiti muangularity kubva pakuyera chiteshi kuenda pachiteshi.Iwo mazinga ane resolution yekudzika kusvika .1 arc masekonzi (5 u Inches uchishandisa 4″ sled) yakagadzikana zvakanyanya, haikanganiswe nekudedera, madaro akayerwa, mafungu emhepo, kuneta kwemutyairi, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kana chero matambudziko anowanikwa mune mamwe maturusi. .Wedzera rubatsiro rwekombuta, uye basa rinova nekukurumidza, richigadzira topographical uye isometric zvirongwa zvichiratidza kuoneswa uye kunyanya kugadzirisa.
Muedzo Wakakodzera Wokudzokorora
Kudzokorora kuverenga kana kudzokorora ndiyo bvunzo yakakosha.Midziyo yatinoshandisa kuita bvunzo yekudzokororwa ndeyekudzokorora kuverenga kuverenga, LVDT uye amplifier inodiwa pakuverenga-kwepamusoro-resolution kuverenga.Isu tinoisa iyo LVDT amplifier kune kushoma resolution ye10 u Inches kana 5 u Inches yemapuleti akanyanya kunaka.
Kushandisa mechanical indicator ine resolution ye20 u Inches chete hakuna zvakunobatsira kana uri kuyedza kuyedza kudzokorora zvinodiwa zve35 u Inches.Zviratidzo zvine 40 u Inches kusagadzikana!Iyo yekudzokorora kuverenga setup inotevedzera kureba gage / chikamu kumisikidzwa.
Kudzokororwa HAKUSI kwakafanana nekwakazara flatness (Zvinoreva Ndege).Ini ndinoda kufunga nezve kudzokorora mugranite inoonekwa seyakafanana radius kuyerwa.
Mufananidzo 5
Kana ukaedza kudzokorora bhora rakatenderedzwa, unenge waratidza kuti radius yebhora haina kuchinja.(Chimiro chakanaka chendiro yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka ine chimiro checonvex korona.) Zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti bhora harina kufuratira.Zvakanaka, zvakadaro.Pachinhambwe chipfupi zvikuru, yakati sandara.Sezvo ruzhinji rwebasa rekuongorora rinosanganisira kureba gage padyo padyo nechikamu, kudzokororwa kunove chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chepureti yegranite.Izvo zvakanyanya kukosha kuti iyo yakazara flatness kunze kwekunge mushandisi ari kutarisa kutwasuka kwechikamu chakareba.
Ita shuwa kuti kontrakta wako anoita kudzokorora kuverenga bvunzo.Ndiro inogona kuve nekudzokorora kuverenga zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushivirira asi ichiri kupasa bvunzo yeflatness!Zvinoshamisa kuti lab inogona kuwana mvumo mukuyedzwa iyo isingasanganisire kudzokorora kuverenga bvunzo.Lab isingakwanise kugadzirisa kana isina kunyatso gadzirisa inofarira kuita flatness test chete.Kufuratira hakuwanzo chinja kunze kwekunge wafambisa ndiro.
Kudzokorora kuverenga kuyedza ndiyo iri nyore kuyedza asi yakanyanya kuoma kuwana kana uchirapika.Ita shuwa kuti kondirakiti yako inogona kudzoreredza kudzokororwa pasina "kupisa" pamusoro kana kusiya mafungu pamusoro.
Delta T Test
Muedzo uyu unosanganisira kuyera ACTUAL tembiricha yedombo kumusoro kwaro uye pasi pepamusoro uye nekombuta mutsauko, Delta T, yekuzivisa nezvechitupa.
Zvakakosha kuziva avhareji coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa mugranite i3.5 uIn/Inch/degree.Tembiricha yeAmbient uye humidity maitiro papureti yegranite hazvikodzeri.Zvisinei, chidimbu chepamusoro chinogona kubuda kunze kwekushivirira kana dzimwe nguva kuvandudza kunyange kana mu .3 - .5 dhigirii F Delta T. Zvakakosha kuziva kana Delta T iri mukati .12 madhigirii F apo kusiyana kubva pakugadzirisa kwekupedzisira .
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti ma plates anoshanda pamusoro inotama ichienda kunopisa.Kana kupisa kwepamusoro kuchipisa kudarika pasi, ipapo nzvimbo yepamusoro inokwira.Kana pasi ichidziya, iyo isingawanzoitiki, ipapo nzvimbo yepamusoro inonyura.Izvo hazvina kukwana kuti maneja wemhando kana tekinoroji azive kuti ndiro yakati sandara uye inodzokororwa panguva yekugadzikiswa kana kugadziriswa asi izvo zvaive Delta T yaive panguva yekuyedzwa kwekupedzisira kwekuyedzwa.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mushandisi anogona, nekuyera iyo Delta T pachake, kuona kana ndiro yabuda mukushivirira nekuda kwekusiyana kweDelta T chete.Neraki, granite inotora maawa akawanda kana kunyange mazuva kuti ienderane kune imwe nzvimbo.Kuchinja kudiki kwekushisa kwemukati kwezuva rese hakuzoite.Nezvikonzero izvi, isu hatitauri ambient calibration tembiricha kana humidity nekuti mhedzisiro yacho haina basa.
Granite Plate Wear
Kunyange zvazvo giraniti yakaoma kudarika mahwendefa esimbi, giraniti ichiri kuwedzera nzvimbo dzakaderera pamusoro.Kudzokorodza kufamba kwezvikamu nemageji paplate yepamusoro ndiyo yakanyanya kupfekwa, kunyanya kana iyo nzvimbo inogara ichishandiswa.Tsvina uye guruva rinokuya zvinotenderwa kuramba riri pamusoro peplate kuti rikurumidze kupfeka sezvo richisvika pakati pezvikamu kana geji nepamusoro pegranite.Kana uchifambisa zvikamu uye magaji pamusoro pepamusoro payo, guruva rinoputika kazhinji ndiro chikonzero chekuwedzera kupfeka.Ndakakurudzira zvikuru kugara ndichichenesa kuderedza kusakara.Isu takaona kupfeka nemaplateti anokonzerwa nemazuva ese eUPS mapakeji ekutakura akaiswa pamusoro pemahwendefa!Idzo nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekupfeka dzinokanganisa iyo calibration kudzokorora bvunzo kuverenga.Dzivisa kupfeka nekuchenesa nguva dzose.
Granite Plate Kuchenesa
Kuchengeta ndiro yakachena, shandisa jira rekubvisa grit.Ingo dzvanya zvakanyanya zvishoma, kuti usasiye glue rasara.Tack jira rinoshandiswa zvakanaka rinoita basa rakanaka rekunhonga guruva rinokuya pakati pekuchenesa.Usashande panzvimbo imwe chete.Fambisa setup yako kutenderedza ndiro, uchigovera kupfeka.Zvakanaka kushandisa doro kuchenesa ndiro, asi ziva kuti kuita izvi kuchatonhodza pamusoro kwenguva pfupi.Mvura ine sipo shoma yakanakisa.Iwo anogezeswa anowanikwa ekuchenesa akadai seStarrett's cleaner zvakare akanakisa kushandisa, asi ita shuwa kuti unowana yese yasara sipo kubva pamusoro.
Granite Plate Kugadzirisa
Izvo zvinofanirwa kuve pachena parizvino kukosha kwekuita kuti yako yepamusoro plate kontrakita inoita calibration inokwanisa.Iyo "Clearing House" mhando labs inopa "Ita zvese nekufona kumwe" zvirongwa hazviwanzo kuve nenyanzvi inokwanisa kugadzirisa.Kunyange kana vakapa kugadzirisa, havagare vaine nyanzvi ine ruzivo runodiwa apo ndiro yepamusoro inenge isisina kushivirira.
Kana yakaudzwa kuti ndiro haigone kugadziriswa nekuda kwekunyanya kupfeka, tifonere.Zvingangodaro isu tinokwanisa kugadzirisa.
Matekinoroji edu anoshanda gore rimwe kusvika kune rimwechete nehafu kudzidzira basa pasi peMaster Surface Plate Technician.Isu tinotsanangura Master Surface Plate Technician semunhu apedza kudzidzira basa uye ane anopfuura makore gumi ekuwedzera ruzivo muSurface Plate calibration uye Kugadzirisa.Isu kuDimensional Gauge tine matatu Master Technician pavashandi vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa.Mumwe wedu Master Technician aripo nguva dzese kuti atsigire uye kutungamira kana mamiriro akaoma amuka.Vese matekinoroji edu vane ruzivo rwepamusoro peplate calibrations yeese saizi, kubva padiki kusvika pahombe, akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, maindasitiri akasiyana, uye mumatambudziko makuru ekupfeka.
Fed Specs ine chaiyo yekupedzisa inodiwa ye16 kusvika 64 Average Arithmetic Roughness (AA).Isu tinosarudza kupedzisa muhuwandu hwe30-35 AA.Pane hukasha hwakakwana hwekuona kuti zvikamu nemageji zvinofamba zvakanaka uye hazvinamire kana kukwinya kuplate yepamusoro.
Patinogadzirisa tinoongorora ndiro kuitira kukwira kwayo uye kuenzana kwayo.Isu tinoshandisa yakaoma lapping nzira, asi muzviitiko zvekupfeka zvakanyanya zvinoda kubviswa kwegranite, tinonyorova.Nyanzvi dzedu dzinochenesa mushure mezvo, dzakanyatso, dzinokurumidza uye dzakakwana.Izvo zvakakosha nekuti mutengo wegranite plate sevhisi unosanganisira nguva yako yekudzikira uye kurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa.Kugadzirisa kwakakodzera kwakakosha zvakanyanya, uye haufanirwe kusarudza kontrakta pamutengo kana zviri nyore.Rimwe basa rekugadzirisa rinoda vanhu vakanyatsodzidziswa.Tine izvozvo.
Final Calibration Reports
Kune yega yega pamusoro pekugadzirisa ndiro uye calibration, isu tinopa yakadzama nyanzvi mishumo.Mishumo yedu ine huwandu hwakakosha hwezvose zvakakosha uye ruzivo rwakakosha.Fed Spec.inoda ruzivo rwakawanda rwatakapa.Kusasanganisa izvo zviri mune mamwe mazinga emhando se ISO/IEC-17025, iyo shoma Fed.Zvinodiwa zvema report ndezvi:
- Saizi muFt.(X'x X')
- Color
- Chimiro (Inoreva kusava nemitsetse yesimbi kana maviri kana mana maredhi)
- Inofungidzirwa Modulus yeElasticity
- Zvinoreva Kushivirira Kwendege (Yakatemwa neGiredhi/Saizi)
- Dzokorora kuverenga Kushivirira (Inotemwa nediagonal kureba mumainch)
- Zvinoreva Ndege SeYakawanikwa
- Kureva Ndege sekuruboshwe
- Dzokorora kuverenga sekuwanikwa
- Dzokorora kuverenga seruboshwe
- Delta T (Kusiyanisa kwekushisa pakati pepamusoro nepasi pepamusoro)
Kana iyo tekinoroji ichida kuita lapping kana kugadzirisa basa kune yepamusoro ndiro, ipapo chitupa che calibration chinoperekedzwa neiyo topographical kana isometric chirongwa kuratidza kugadzirisa kwakakodzera.
Izwi Nezve ISO/IEC-17025 Kubvumidzwa uye maLab anazvo
Nekuda kwekuti lab ine mvumo mukuyereswa kweplateti hazvireve kuti vanoziva zvavari kuita zvishoma nekuzviita nemazvo!Zvakare hazvireve kuti lab inogona kugadzirisa.Iwo matumbi ekubvumidza haaite mutsauko pakati pekusimbisa kana calibration (kugadzirisa).Auye ndinoziva imwe, pamwe2accrediting masangano anodaLtieAribhoni rakatenderedza imbwa yangu kana ndikavabhadhara mari yakakwana!Ichokwadi chinosuruvarisa.Ndakaona maLab achiwana kubvumidzwa nekuita imwe chete yebvunzo nhatu dzinodiwa.Uyezve, ndaona maLab achiwana kubvumidzwa nekusagadzikana kusingaite uye kupihwa mvumo pasina humbowo kana ratidziro maverengero avaiita hunhu.Zvose zvinosuwisa.
Summation
Iwe haugone kurerutsa basa remahwendefa egranite chaiwo.Chirevo chakati sandara chinopihwa nemarata egranite ndiyo hwaro pauri kuita mamwe ese zviyero.
Unogona kushandisa midziyo yekuyeresa yechizvino-zvino, chaiyo uye inosiyana-siyana.Nekudaro, kuyerwa kwakaringana kwakaoma kuona kana nzvimbo yereferensi isiri yakati sandara.Imwe nguva, ndakava nemutengi angati kwandiri "zvakanaka idombo!"Mhinduro yangu, "Zvakanaka, wakarurama, uye haugone kupembedza kuti nyanzvi dziuye kuzochengeta ndiro dzako dzepamusoro."
Mutengo haumbori chikonzero chakanaka chekusarudza pamusoro peplate makondirakiti.Vatengi, maakaunzi uye nhamba inoshungurudza yemhando yeinjiniya havagaro nzwisisa kuti kudzorera mahwendefa egranite hakuna kufanana nekudzokorora micrometer, caliper kana DMM.
Zvimwe zviridzwa zvinoda hunyanzvi, kwete mutengo wakaderera.Mushure mekutaura izvozvo, mitengo yedu inonzwisisika.Kunyanya pakuva nechivimbo chekuti tinoita basa nemazvo.Isu tinoenda zvakanaka kupfuura ISO-17025 uye Federal Specifications zvinodiwa mukuwedzera kukosha.
Mahwendefa epamusoro ndiyo hwaro hwezviyero zvakawanda, uye kutarisira zvakanaka ndiro yako yepamusoro kunodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuyera.
Granite ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa zvinhu inoshandiswa pamahwendefa epamusoro nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakanaka, hwakadai sekuoma kwepamusoro uye kuderera kwekunzwa kwekuchinja kwekushisa.Nekudaro, nekuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwepamusoro mahwendefa anoita ruzivo rwekupfeka.
Kudzikama uye kudzokororwa ese ari maviri akakosha maficha ekuona kana ndiro inopa chaiyo nzvimbo yekuwana zviyero zvakaringana.Kushivirira kwemativi ese ari maviri kunotsanangurwa pasi peFederal Specification GGG-P-463C, DIN, GB, JJS... Flatness ndiyo kuyerwa kwechinhambwe chiri pakati penzvimbo yepamusoro-soro (ndege yedenga) nenzvimbo yakaderera (ndege yepasi) ndiro.Kudzokororwa kunotarisisa kana kuyerwa kwakatorwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kunogona kudzokororwa mhiri kwendiro yese mukati mekushivirira kwakataurwa.Izvi zvinoita kuti pasave nenhongonya kana mipata mundiro.Kana kuverenga kusiri mukati megwara rakataurwa, saka kusimudzira patsva kunogona kudikanwa kudzosa zviyero mukutsanangurwa.
Routine pamusoro peplate calibration inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti flatness uye kudzokorora nekufamba kwenguva.Iyo chaiyo yekuyera boka paMuchinjikwa ndeye ISO 17025 yakatenderwa kuenzanisa yepasi plate flatness uye kudzokorora.Isu tinoshandisa iyo Mahr Surface Plate Certification System ine:
- Moody uye Profile Analysis,
- Isometric kana Numeric zvirongwa,
- Multiple Run Avhareji, uye
- Automatic Grading Zvinoenderana neIndasitiri Standards.
Iyo Mahr Computer Assisted Model inosarudza chero kona kana mutsara kutsauka kubva padanho rakakwana, uye yakanyatsokodzera kunyorwa chaiko kwemahwendefa epamusoro.
Kupindirana pakati pecalibrations kuchasiyana zvichienderana nekuwanda kwekushandiswa, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza panowanikwa ndiro, uye nemhando yemhando inodikanwa yekambani yako.Kunyatso chengetedza ndiro yako yepasi kunogona kubvumidza nguva refu pakati pekugadzika kwega kwega, kunokubatsira kudzivirira mutengo wakawedzerwa wekudzoreredza, uye zvakanyanya kukosha kuona kuti zviyero zvaunowana pandiro ndezvechokwadi sezvinobvira.Kunyangwe mahwendefa epamusoro achiratidzika kunge akasimba, iwo ari chaiwo zviridzwa uye anofanirwa kubatwa saizvozvo.Hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga nezvekuchengeta mahwendefa ako epamusoro:
- Chengetedza ndiro yakachena, uye kana zvichiita ivhare kana isiri kushandiswa
- Hapana chinofanira kuiswa pandiro kunze kwemageji kana zvidimbu zvinoyerwa.
- Usashandise nzvimbo imwechete pandiro nguva dzose.
- Kana zvichiita, tenderedza ndiro yacho nguva nenguva.
- Remekedza muganhu wekutakura kwendiro yako
Precision Granite Base Inogona Kuvandudza Mashandiro Emuchina Chishandiso
Zvinodiwa zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera muinjiniya yemechini muhuwandu uye mukugadzira maturusi emuchina kunyanya.Kuwana kurongeka kwakanyanya uye maitiro ekuita pasina kuwedzera mitengo matambudziko anogara achinetsa kukwikwidza.Mubhedha wekushandisa muchina chinhu chinogadzirisa pano.Naizvozvo, vagadziri vezvishandiso zvemuchina vanowanda vari kuvimba negranite.Nekuda kwezvimiro zvayo zvemuviri, inopa mabhenefiti akajeka asingagone kuwanikwa nesimbi kana polymer kongiri.
Granite idombo rinodaidzwa kuti volcanic deep rock uye ine dhizaini uye ine homogeneous chimiro chine yakaderera coefficient yekuwedzera, yakaderera yekupisa conductivity uye yakakwirira vibration damping.
Pazasi iwe uchaona kuti nei maonero akajairwa ekuti granite inonyanya kukodzera sechigadziko chemuchina wepamusoro-yekupedzisira coordinary yekuyeresa michina yakagara kwenguva refu uye nei ichi chakasikwa zvinhu sechigadziko chemuchina chiri nzira inobatsira kune simbi kana simbi yekukanda kunyangwe yakakwirira. -chaiyo muchina zvishandiso.
Isu tinokwanisa kugadzira zvinhu zvegranite zvekufamba zvine simba, zvimiro zvegranite zvemitsetse motors, granite zvikamu zve ndt, granite zvikamu zve xray, granite zvikamu zvecmm, zvimiro zvegranite zve cnc, granite chaiyo yelaser, granite zvikamu zveaerospace, zvikamu zvegranite zvematanho chaiwo. ...
Yakakwira Yakawedzerwa Kukosha Pasina Mari Yekuwedzera
Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwegranite mukugadzira mainjiniya hakuna kunyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kukuru kwemutengo wesimbi.Asi, imhaka yekuti kukosha kwakawedzerwa kwechishandiso chemuchina unowanikwa nemubhedha wemuchina wakagadzirwa negranite unogoneka nemutengo wakaderera kana kusawedzerwa.Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuenzaniswa kwemitengo yevanozivikanwa vanogadzira maturusi emuchina muGermany neEurope.
Kuwana kukuru mukugadzikana kwe thermodynamic, kudonhedza kunyorova uye kurongeka kwenguva refu kunogoneka negranite hakugone kuwanikwa nesimbi yakakandwa kana mubhedha wesimbi, kana chete nemutengo wakakwira.Semuenzaniso, kukanganisa kwekupisa kunogona kuverengera kusvika ku75% yekukanganisa kwese kwemuchina, nemubhadharo unowanzo kuedzwa nesoftware - nekubudirira kuri pakati nepakati.Nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kwekushisa conductivity, granite ndiyo nheyo iri nani yehurefu hwenguva refu.
Nekushivirira kwe 1 μm, granite inosangana nyore nyore nezvinodiwa flatness maererano neDIN 876 yechiyero chekururama 00. Nekukosha kwe6 pachiyero chekuoma 1 kusvika ku10, yakaoma zvakanyanya, uye nehuremu hwayo hwe2.8g. /cm³ inenge yasvika kukosha kwealuminium.Izvi zvinokonzeresa mamwe mabhenefiti akadai seyepamusoro mareti ekudya, yakakwira axis accelerations uye kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwechishandiso chekucheka maturusi emuchina.Nokudaro, kushanduka kubva pamubhedha wakakandwa kusvika kumubhedha wemuchina wegranite unofambisa chigadziro chemuchina mubvunzo mukirasi yepamusoro-soro maererano nekugadzirisa uye kushanda - pasina mari yakawedzerwa.
Granite Yakavandudza Ecological Footprint
Kusiyana nezvinhu zvakadai sesimbi kana simbi yakakandwa, ibwe rechisikigo harifaniri kugadzirwa nesimba guru uye kushandisa zvinowedzera.Simba shoma chete ndiro rinodiwa pakucherwa kwematombo uye kurapa pamusoro.Izvi zvinoguma nemhando yepamusoro yezvipenyu, iyo kunyange pamagumo ehupenyu hwemuchina inopfuura iyo yesimbi sechinhu.Iyo granite mubhedha inogona kuve hwaro hwemuchina mutsva kana kushandiswa kune zvakasiyana zvachose zvinangwa senge shredding yekugadzira mugwagwa.
Uye hapana kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvegranite.Idombo rakadzika rakaumbwa kubva kumagma mukati mevhu repasi.Iyo 'yakakura' kwemamiriyoni emakore uye inowanikwa muhuwandu hukuru sechisikigo pane angangoita makondinendi ese, kusanganisira yese yeEurope.
Mhedziso: Iwo akawanda anotaridza mabhenefiti egranite kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi kana simbi yakakandwa inopembedza kuzvipira kuri kuwedzera kwemainjiniya ekushandisa izvi zvakasikwa sehwaro hwepamusoro-chaiyo, yepamusoro-inoshanda muchina maturusi.Ruzivo rwakadzama nezve granite zvivakwa, izvo zvakanakira maturusi emuchina uye mechanic engineering, inogona kuwanikwa mune ino imwe nyaya.
Kudzokorodza kuyerwa kuyerwa kwenzvimbo dzakafuratira.Iyo Repeat Measurement yakatarwa inotaura kuti kuyerwa kwakatorwa chero kupi pamusoro pendiro kunodzokorora mukati mekushivirira kwakataurwa.Kudzora kupfava kwenzvimbo kwakasimba kupfuura kupfava kwese kunovimbisa kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma mukupfava kwepamusoro zvichideredza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo.
Vazhinji vagadziri, kusanganisira mabhureki anounzwa kunze kwenyika, vanoomerera kuFederal Specification yezvese flatness kushivirira asi vazhinji havatarise zviyero zvekudzokorora.Mazhinji eiyo yakaderera kukosha kana bhajeti mahwendefa aripo pamusika nhasi haazovimbisi kudzokorora kuyerwa.Mugadziri asingavimbisi zviyero zvekudzokororwa HAASI kugadzira mahwendefa anozadzisa zvinodiwa zveASME B89.3.7-2013 kana Federal Specification GGG-P-463c, kana DIN 876, GB, JJS...
Ose ari maviri akakosha kuti ave nechokwadi chechokwadi chepamusoro chezviyero zvakaringana.Kurongeka kweflatness chete hakuna kukwana kuvimbisa kuyerwa kwechokwadi.Tora semuenzaniso, 36 X 48 Inspection Grade A surface plate, iyo inosangana CHETE neflatness yakatarwa ye .000300". Kana chidimbu chiri kutariswa chikavhara mazambuko akati wandei, uye geji riri kushandiswa riri panzvimbo yakaderera, kuyerwa kwechiyero kunogona iva kushivirira kwakazara munzvimbo imwe, 000300"!Chaizvoizvo, inogona kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kana gaji richizorora pamateru ekutenuka.
Zvikanganiso zve .000600"-.000800" zvinogoneka, zvichienderana nekuoma kwemateru, uye kureba kweruoko rwegeji riri kushandiswa.Kana ndiro iyi iine Repeat Measurement specification ye .000050"FIR ipapo kuyerwa kwekuyerwa kwaizoita kushoma pane .000050" zvisinei kuti kuyerwa kunotorwa papi.Rimwe dambudziko, rinowanzomuka kana nyanzvi isina kudzidziswa ichiedza kumutsa ndiro panzvimbo, iko kushandiswa kweKudzokorora Measurements chete kusimbisa ndiro.
Zviridzwa zvinoshandiswa kuona kudzokorora HAZVISINA kugadzirwa kutarisa kufuratirwa kwese.Kana yaiswa pazero panzvimbo yakakombama zvakakwana, inoenderera mberi ichiverenga zero, ingave nzvimbo yacho yakati sandarara kana kuti yakakombama kana kuti yakakombama 1/2"! Vanongoongorora kufanana kwepasi, kwete kudzika. inosangana nezvose zviri zviviri kutaramuka UYE kudzokororwa kuyerwa kwezviyero zvinonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zveASME B89.3.7-2013 kana Federal Specification GGG-P-463c.
Tibvunze nezve kana flatness yakatarwa uye dzokorora chiyero chekuyera nekufona +86 19969991659 kana email INFO@ZHHIMG.COM
Ehe, asi ivo vanogona chete kuvimbiswa kune chaiyo yakamira tembiricha gradient.Migumisiro yekuwedzera kwekushisa pandiro inogona kukonzera nyore nyore kuchinja kwekururama kwakakura kudarika kushivirira kana pane kuchinja kune gradient.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana kushivirira kwakasimba zvakakwana, kupisa kunotorwa kubva kumusoro kwemwenje kunogona kukonzera kukwana kwekuchinja kwe gradient kwemaawa akati wandei.
Granite ine coefficient of thermal expansion inosvika .0000035 inches per inch per 1°F.Semuyenzaniso: A 36" x 48" x 8" surface plate ine huchokwadi hwe .000075" (1/2 yeGiredhi AA) pa gradient ye 0°F, kumusoro nepasi kune tembiricha yakafanana.Kana pamusoro peplate ichidziya kusvika painodziya 1 ° F kupfuura pasi, kurongeka kwacho kunochinja kusvika .000275" convex ! Naizvozvo, kuodha ndiro ine kushivirira kwakasimba kupfuura Laboratory Grade AA inofanira kutariswa chete kana kune kudzora kwemamiriro ekunze kwakakwana.
Indiro yepamusoro inofanirwa kutsigirwa pamapoinzi matatu, inonyatso kuwanikwa 20% yehurefu mukati kubva kumigumo yendiro.Zvitsigiso zviviri zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa 20% yehupamhi mukati kubva kumativi akareba, uye tsigiro yasara inofanirwa kuve pakati.Mapoinzi matatu chete anogona kuzorora akasimba pane chero chinhu kunze kwenzvimbo chaiyo.
Iyo ndiro inofanira kutsigirwa panzvimbo idzi panguva yekugadzirwa, uye inofanira kutsigirwa chete pamapoinzi matatu aya paunenge uchishandiswa.Kuedza kutsigira ndiro pane anopfuura matatu mapoinzi kuchaita kuti ndiro igamuchire rutsigiro rwayo kubva kune akasiyana misanganiswa yemapoinzi matatu, ayo asingazove akafanana mapoinzi matatu payaitsigirwa panguva yekugadzira.Izvi zvinounza kukanganisa sezvo ndiro inotsauka kuti ienderane nerutsigiro rutsva.Yese zhhimg simbi inomira ine matanda ekutsigira akagadzirirwa kuenderana neakakodzera mapoinzi ekutsigira.
Kana iyo ndiro yakatsigirwa nemazvo, kuyera chaiko kunongodiwa chete kana application yako ichidaidza.Kukwirisa hakudiwi kuchengetedza kurongeka kweplate yakatsigirwa zvakanaka.
Sei Kusarudza Granite yeMachine BasesuyeMetrology Zvikamu?
Mhinduro ndeinoti 'hongu' kune inenge yese application.Zvakanakira zvegranite zvinosanganisira: Hapana ngura kana ngura, inenge isingadziviriri kuhondo, hapana inobhadhara hump kana yaiswa, kugara kwenguva refu kupfeka, kuita kwakapfava, kunyatsojeka, kunenge kusiri magineti, kuderera kunoshanda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa, uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa.
Granite imhando yedombo regneous rakacherwa nekuda kwesimba raro rakanyanya, density, durability, uye kuramba kuita ngura.Asi gireniti zvakare rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana- haisi yemakona nemakona chete!Muchokwadi, Starrett Tru-Stone inoshanda nechivimbo nematombo egranite akagadzirwa mune zvimiro, makona, uye macurves eese akasiyana nguva nenguva-nemhedzisiro yakanaka.
Kuburikidza nemamiriro edu ekugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi, nzvimbo dzakachekwa dzinogona kuve dzakati sandarara.Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti granite ive chinhu chakanakira kugadzira yakasarudzika-saizi uye yakasarudzika-dhizaini mabhesi uye metrology zvikamu.Granite ndeye:
machineable
zvakati sandarara kana wachekwa uye wapera
inodzivirira ngura
yakasimba
kwenguva refu
Granite zvikamu zvakare nyore kuchenesa.Paunenge uchigadzira magadzirirwo etsika, ita shuwa yekusarudza granite kune ayo epamusoro mabhenefiti.
MITIRO/ KUPEKA KWAKUKURA KUSVIRA
Iyo granite inoshandiswa naZhongHui kune yedu yakajairwa pamusoro peplate zvigadzirwa ine yakakwira quartz yemukati, iyo inopa yakakura kuramba kupfeka uye kukuvara.Yedu Superior Nhema uye Crystal Pink mavara ane yakaderera kunyudzwa kwemvura, ichideredza mukana weiyo chaiyo magaji kuita ngura uchigadzika pamahwendefa.Iwo mavara egranite anopihwa naZhongHui anokonzera kushomeka kupenya, zvinoreva kushomeka kwemaziso kune vanhu vanoshandisa mahwendefa.Isu takasarudza marudzi edu egranite tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kwemafuta mukuyedza kuchengetedza chikamu ichi chishoma.
CUSTOM APPLICATIONS
Kana application yako ichidaidza ndiro ine maumbirwo echivanhu, akaiswa shinda, slots kana mamwe machining, iwe uchada kusarudza chinhu chakaita seBlack Diabase.Ichi chakasikwa zvinhu chinopa kuomarara kwepamusoro, yakanakisa vibration inonyorovesa, uye yakagadziridzwa machinability.
Hongu, kana vasina kunyanya kupfeka.Yedu yekumisikidza fekitori uye michina inobvumira iwo akanyanya mamiriro eiyo chaiyo plate calibration uye kushandazve kana zvichidikanwa.Kazhinji, kana ndiro iri mukati me .001 "yekushivirira kunodiwa, inogona kudzorerwa pa-site. Kana ndiro yakapfekwa kusvika painodarika .001" kunze kwekushivirira, kana kuti yakasvibiswa zvakashata kana nicked, zvino ichada kutumirwa kufekitari kuti igaye isati yatangazve.
Kuchenjerera kukuru kunofanirwa kuitwa pakusarudza pa-saiti calibration uye tekinoroji yekumisikidza.Tinokukurudzira kuti ushandise kungwarira pakusarudza yako calibration sevhisi.Kumbira kubvumidzwa uye simbisa michina ichashandiswa nenyanzvi ine National Inspection Institution traceable calibration.Zvinotora makore akawanda kudzidza nzira yekunyatso lap chaiyo granite.
ZhongHui inopa kukurumidza kutendeuka-kutenderera kune macalibrations anoitwa mufekitori yedu.Tumira ndiro dzako kuti dzigadziriswe kana zvichiita.Hunhu hwako uye mukurumbira zvinoenderana nekurongeka kwezviridzwa zvako zvekuyera zvinosanganisira mahwendefa epamusoro!
Maplate edu epadenga matema ane density yakakwira zvakanyanya uye anosvika katatu kuoma.Naizvozvo, ndiro yakagadzirwa neblack haidi kukora sendiro yegranite yehukuru hwakafanana kuti ive yakaenzana kana yakakura kuramba kutsauka.Kudzikira ukobvu kunoreva huremu hushoma uye kuderera kwemitengo yekutumira.
Chenjera kune vamwe vanoshandisa yakaderera mhando dema granite muhukobvu hwakafanana.Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, zvivakwa zvegranite, sehuni kana simbi, zvinosiyana nezvinhu uye ruvara, uye haisi iyo inofanotaura kuoma, kuoma, kana kusapfeka.Muchokwadi, akawanda marudzi eblack granite uye diabase akapfava zvakanyanya uye haana kukodzera kune pamusoro peplate application.
Aiwa. Midziyo inokosha uye kudzidziswa zvinodiwa pakugadzirisazve zvinhu izvi zvinoda kuti zvidzoserwe kufekitari kuti zvigadziriswe uye zvigadziriswezve.
Ehe.Ceramic negranite zvine hunhu hwakafanana, uye nzira dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa uye kupfekwa giraniti dzinogona kushandiswa nezvinhu zveceramic zvakare.Ceramics yakaoma kupeta kupfuura granite zvichikonzera mutengo wakakwira.
Ehe, chero izvo zvakaiswa zvakadzoreredzwa pazasi pepamusoro.Kana simbi dzakaiswa dzakanyungudutswa, kana pamusoro pendege yepamusoro, dzinofanirwa kunge dzakatarisa pasi ndiro isati yapfekwa.Kana zvichidiwa, tinogona kupa basa iroro.
Ehe.Simbi inoiswa neshinda inodiwa (Chirungu kana metric) inogona kusungirirwa epoxy mundiro panzvimbo dzinodiwa.ZhongHui inoshandisa michina yeCNC kupa nzvimbo dzakasimba dzekuisa mukati me +/- 0.005 ”.Nekupinza kusinganyanyi kukosha, kushivirira kwedu kwenzvimbo kune zvakaiswa tambo ±.060". Dzimwe sarudzo dzinosanganisira simbi T-Bars uye dovetail slots akagadzirwa akananga mugranite.
Inopinza yakanyatso sungirirwa uchishandisa simba repamusoro epoxy uye kugadzirwa kwakanaka kunoshingirira kusimba kukuru kwe torsional uye shear simba.Muyedzo ichangobva kuitika, ichishandisa 3/8"-16 akaiswa threaded, rabhoritari yekuongorora yakazvimiririra yakayera simba rinodiwa kudhonza epoxy-bonded insert kubva muplate yepamusoro. Mahwendefa gumi akaedzwa. Pagumi aya, muzviitiko zvipfumbamwe, the gireniti rakatsemuka pekutanga.Avhareji yekuremerwa panguva yekutadza yaive 10,020 lbs yegrenite uye 12,310 lbs.mutema.Muchiitiko chimwechete apo chinoiswa chakadhonzwa kubva mundiro, mutoro pakutadza waive 12,990 lbs. !Kana chidimbu chebasa chikaumba bhiriji painopinza uye torque yakanyanyisa ikaiswa, zvinokwanisika kugadzira simba rakakwana rekupwanya giraniti. Zvikamu nechikonzero ichi, ZhongHui inopa nhungamiro kune yakanyanya kuchengetedzeka torque inogona kuiswa epoxy bonded kuisa. : https://www.zhhimg.com/standard-thread-inserts-product/
Hongu, asi pafekitari yedu chete.Pachirimwa chedu, tinogona kudzoreredza chero ndiro kune 'se-nyowani' mamiriro, kazhinji isingasviki hafu yemutengo wekuitsiva.Mipendero yakakuvadzwa inogona kuve yakakwenenzverwa zvigamba, migero yakadzika, nick, uye makomba anogona kuvhurika kunze, uye zvakabatanidzwa zvinotsigira zvinogona kutsiviwa.Uye zvakare, isu tinokwanisa kugadzirisa ndiro yako kuti iwedzere kuita kwayo nekuwedzera yakasimba kana yakarukwa simbi inoisa uye yekucheka slots kana clamping miromo, maererano nezvako zvakatemwa.
Sei Kusarudza Granite?
Granite imhando yedombo regneous rakaumbwa muNyika mamiriyoni emakore apfuura.Kuumbwa kweigneous rock yaive nemaminerari akawanda senge quartz yakaoma zvakanyanya uye isingapfeki.Pamusoro pekuoma uye kupfeka kuramba granite ine ingangoita hafu yekoefficient yekuwedzera sesimbi yakakandwa.Sezvo huremu hwayo hwevhoriyamu hunenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimbi yakakandwa, granite iri nyore kufambisa.
Kune mabhesi emuchina uye metrology zvikamu, dema granite ndiro ruvara runonyanya kushandiswa.Black granite ine chikamu chepamusoro che quartz pane mamwe mavara uye naizvozvo, ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru kupfeka.
Granite inodhura-inoshanda, uye nzvimbo dzakachekwa dzinogona kunge dzakati sandarara.Kwete chete inogona kuvharidzirwa nemaoko kuti iwane zvakanyanyisa zvekunyatso, asi kugadzirisa zvakare kunogona kuitwa pasina kufambisa ndiro kana tafura kure-saiti.Iko zvachose kushanda kwemaoko uye kazhinji inodhura zvishoma pane kugadzirisa zvakare imwe simbi yakakandwa.
Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti granite ive chinhu chakanakira kugadzira yakasarudzika-saizi uye yakasarudzika-dhizaini mabhesi uye metrology zvinhu zvakaita segranite pamusoro ndiro.
ZhongHui inogadzira bespoke granite zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kuti zvitsigire zviyero zvinodiwa.Izvi zvinhu zvekutanga zvinosiyana kubvamipendero yakatwasuka tomativi matatu.Nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwemhando yegranite, iyozvikamuinogona kugadzirwa kune chero saizi inodiwa;dzakapfeka zvakasimba uye dzinogara kwenguva refu.
Zvakanakira zveGranite Surface Plates
Kukosha kwekuyera pane imwe nzvimbo kwakavambwa nemugadziri weBritish Henry Maudsley muma1800s.Semugadziri wezvishandiso zvemuchina, akafunga kuti kugadzirwa kwakafanana kwezvikamu kunoda nzvimbo yakasimba yezviyero zvakavimbika.
Shanduko yeindasitiri yakagadzira kudiwa kwekuyera nzvimbo, saka kambani yeinjiniya Crown Windley yakagadzira zviyero zvekugadzira.Izvo zviyero zvemahwendefa epamusoro zvakatanga kuiswa neCrown muna 1904 vachishandisa simbi.Sezvo kudiwa uye mutengo wesimbi wakawedzera, zvimwe zvinhu zvekuyera nzvimbo zvakaongororwa.
MuAmerica, musiki wemamonument Wallace Herman akasimbisa kuti granite dema yaive yakanakisa pamusoro peplate zvinhu zvakasiyana nesimbi.Sezvo granite isiri-magnetic uye isingaite ngura, yakakurumidza kuve iyo inosarudzika yekuyera nzvimbo.
Iyo granite pamusoro peplate ndiyo yakakosha mari yekudyara kumarabhoritari uye nzvimbo dzekuyedza.Iyo granite surface plate ye600 x 600 mm inogona kugadzikwa pachigadziko chekutsigira.Mastands anopa hurefu hwekushanda hwe34” (0.86m) aine mapoinzi mashanu anochinjika ekuenzanisa.
Kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuyerwa yakavimbika uye inowirirana, iyo granite yepamusoro ndiro yakakosha.Sezvo pasi iri ndege yakatsetseka uye yakagadzikana, inoita kuti zviridzwa zvinyatsoshandiswa.
Zvakanakira mabhenefiti epamusoro pegranite ndeaya:
• Asina-reflective
• Kudzivirira kumakemikari nekuora
• Yakaderera coefficient yekuwedzera kana ichienzaniswa nengoro iron saka isinganyanyi kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwetembiricha
• Zvisikwa zvakaoma uye zvakaoma-kupfeka
• Ndege yepasi haina kukanganiswa kana yakakweshwa
• Haaite ngura
• Kwete-magnetic
• Zviri nyore kuchenesa nekuchengetedza
• Calibration uye resurfacing anogona kuitwa panzvimbo
• Inokodzera kucheresa kune shinda yekutsigira inoisa
• High vibration damping
Kune zvitoro zvakawanda, makamuri ekuongorora uye marabhoritari, chaiyo granite yepamusoro mahwendefa anovimbwa nawo sehwaro hwekuyerwa chaiko.Nekuti chiyero chega chega chinotsamira pane chaiyo referensi nzvimbo inotorwa zviyero zvekupedzisira, mahwendefa epamusoro anopa yakanakisa ndege yekutarisa yekuongorora basa uye marongero isati yaitwa.Iwo zvakare mabhesi akanakisa ekugadzira kuyerwa kwehurefu uye gaging nzvimbo.Kupfuurirazve, dhigirii repamusoro rekudzikama, kugadzikana, hunhu hwese uye hunyanzvi hunovaita sarudzo yakanaka yekumisikidza yakaomesesa mechanika, yemagetsi uye yemaziso gaging masisitimu.Kune chero yeaya maitiro ekuyerwa, zvakakosha kuchengetedza pamusoro peplateti yakagadziriswa.
Dzokorora zviyero uye flatness
Zvese zviri zviviri flatness uye kudzokorora zviyero zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chepamusoro.Kufuratira kunogona kutariswa semapoinzi ese ari pamusoro ari mukati mendege mbiri dzakafanana, ndege yepasi uye denga remba.Kuyerwa kwechinhambwe pakati pendege ndiko kureba kwese kwepasi.Uku kuyerwa kweflatness kunowanzo kutakura kushivirira uye kunogona kusanganisira zita regiredhi.
Iwo kushivirira kweflatness kwemagiredhi matatu akajairwa anotsanangurwa mune yemubatanidzwa mamiriro sekutsanangurwa neinotevera fomula:
Laboratory Giredhi AA = (40 + diagonal² / 25) x 0.000001 inch (unilateral)
Yekuongorora Giredhi A = Rabhoritari Giredhi AA x 2
Kamuri Yekushandisa Giredhi B = Rabhoritari Giredhi AA x 4
Mukuwedzera kune flatness, kudzokorora kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi.Kudzokorodza kuyerwa kuyerwa kwenzvimbo dzakafuratira.Icho chiyero chinotorwa chero pamusoro pendiro inozodzokorora mukati mekushivirira kwakataurwa.Kudzora kupfava kwenzvimbo kune kushivirira kwakasimba kupfuura kupfava kwese kunovimbisa kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma mukupfava kwepamusoro, nekudaro kuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ndiro yepasi inosangana nekudzika uye kudzokorora kuyerwa kwezviyero, vagadziri vegranite pamusoro pemahwendefa vanofanirwa kushandisa Federal Specification GGG-P-463c sehwaro hwezvavanoda.Iyi chiyero inogadzirisa kudzokorora kuyerwa kurongeka, zvivakwa zvepaplate granite, kupera kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yekutsigira, kuomarara, nzira dzinogamuchirwa dzekuongorora uye kuisirwa tambo dzakaiswa.
Isati yapfeka ndiro yekumusoro kupfuura kutsanangurwa kwese kupfava, inoratidza yakasakara kana wavy posts.Kuongorora kwemwedzi wega wega kudzokororwa kuyerwa zvikanganiso uchishandisa kudzokorora kuverenga gage kuchaona nzvimbo dzekupfeka.Kudzokorora kuverenga gage chishandiso chepamusoro-chaizvo chinoona kukanganisa kwenzvimbo uye chinogona kuratidzwa pane yakakwirira magnification yemagetsi amplifier.
Kuongorora Plate Kururama
Nekutevera mashoma akareruka nhungamiro, investimendi mune granite pamusoro peplate inofanira kugara kwemakore mazhinji.Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kweplate, nharaunda yechitoro uye kurongeka kunodiwa, kuwanda kwekutarisa kurongeka kweplateti kunosiyana.Mutemo mukuru wegunwe ndewekuti ndiro itsva igamuchire recalibration yakazara mukati megore rimwe chete rekutenga.Kana ndiro inoshandiswa kakawanda, zvinokurudzirwa kupfupisa nguva iyi kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu.
Isati yapfeka ndiro yekumusoro kupfuura kutsanangurwa kwese kupfava, inoratidza yakasakara kana wavy posts.Kuongorora kwemwedzi wega wega kudzokororwa kuyerwa zvikanganiso uchishandisa kudzokorora kuverenga gage kuchaona nzvimbo dzekupfeka.Kudzokorora kuverenga gage chishandiso chepamusoro-chaizvo chinoona kukanganisa kwenzvimbo uye chinogona kuratidzwa pane yakakwirira magnification yemagetsi amplifier.
Chirongwa chekuongorora chinoshanda chinofanirwa kusanganisira kutariswa nguva dzose neautocollimator, ichipa chaiyo calibration yeflatness yese inoteedzerwa kuNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).Yakakwana calibration nemugadziri kana kambani yakazvimirira inodiwa nguva nenguva.
Kusiyana Pakati peCalibrations
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane misiyano pakati pepamusoro peplate calibrations.Dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja kwepasi kunokonzerwa nekupfeka, kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemidziyo yekuongorora kana kushandiswa kwemidziyo isina kuverengerwa kunogona kuverengera misiyano iyi.Izvo zvinhu zviviri zvakajairika, zvisinei, tembiricha uye tsigiro.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakasiyana-siyana ndeyekushisa.Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yacho inogona kunge yakagezwa nemushonga unopisa kana kutonhora usati wagadziriswa uye isingabvumirwe nguva yakakwana yekumisikidza.Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwetembiricha zvinosanganisira madhiramu emhepo inotonhora kana inopisa, chiedza chezuva chakananga, kuvheneka pamusoro kana zvimwe zvinopisa zvinopenya pamusoro pendiro.
Ikoko zvakare kunogona kuve nekusiyana kweiyo tembiricha gradient pakati pechando nezhizha.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ndiro haibvumirwi nguva yakakwana yekugadzirisa mushure mekutakura.Ipfungwa yakanaka kurekodha tembiricha yakatwasuka gradient panguva iyo calibration inoitwa.
Chimwe chikonzero chinowanzokonzera kuchinja kwekugadzirisa ndiro ndiro inotsigirwa zvisina kunaka.Indiro yepamusoro inofanirwa kutsigirwa pamapoinzi matatu, anowanikwa 20% yehurefu kubva kumigumo yendiro.Zvitsigiso zviviri zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa 20% yehupamhi mukati kubva kumativi akareba, uye tsigiro yasara inofanirwa kuve pakati.
Mapoinzi matatu chete anogona kuzorora akasimba pane chero chinhu kunze kwenzvimbo chaiyo.Kuedza kutsigira ndiro pane anopfuura matatu mapoinzi kuchaita kuti ndiro igamuchire rutsigiro rwayo kubva kune akasiyana misanganiswa yemapoinzi matatu, ayo asingazove akafanana mapoinzi matatu payaitsigirwa panguva yekugadzirwa.Izvi zvinounza kukanganisa sezvo ndiro inotsauka kuti ienderane nerutsigiro rutsva.Funga kushandisa zvigadziko zvesimbi zvine matanda ekutsigira zvakagadzirirwa kuenderana nenzvimbo dzekutsigira dzakafanira.Mastand echinangwa ichi anowanzo kuwanikwa kubva kumugadziri weplate yepamusoro.
Kana ndiro yacho yakatsigirwa nemazvo, kuenzana chaiko kunongodiwa chete kana application ichitaura.Kukwirisa hakudiwi kuchengetedza kurongeka kweplate yakatsigirwa zvakanaka.
Zvakakosha kuchengeta ndiro yakachena.Guruva rinoputirwa nemhepo rinowanzo nyanya kupfekwa uye kubvaruka pandiro, sezvo richiwanzo nyura mumidziyo yebasa uye nzvimbo dzekusangana dzemageji.Ivhara ndiro kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuguruva uye kukuvara.Hupenyu hwekupfeka hunogona kuwedzerwa nekuvhara ndiro kana isiri kushandiswa.
Wedzera Plate Hupenyu
Kutevera nhungamiro shoma kunoderedza kusakara pane granite pamusoro peplate uye pakupedzisira, kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo.
Kutanga, zvakakosha kuchengeta ndiro yakachena.Guruva rinoputirwa nemhepo rinowanzo nyanya kupfekwa uye kubvaruka pandiro, sezvo richiwanzo nyura mumidziyo yebasa uye nzvimbo dzekusangana dzemageji.
Zvakakoshawo kuvhara mahwendefa kuti adzivirire kubva kuguruva uye kukanganisa.Hupenyu hwekupfeka hunogona kuwedzerwa nekuvhara ndiro kana isiri kushandiswa.
Tenderedza ndiro nguva nenguva kuitira kuti nzvimbo imwe chete isagamuchire kushandiswa kwakanyanya.Zvakare, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva simbi yekubata pads pane gaging ne carbide pads.
Dzivisa kuisa zvokudya kana zvinwiwa mundiro.Zvinwiwa zvakawanda zvine kabhoni kana phosphoric acid, inogona kunyungudutsa zvicherwa zvakapfava uye kusiya makomba madiki pamusoro.
Kwekudzokera
Kana giraniti repamusoro peplate richida kudzokororwa, funga kuti sevhisi iyi iitwe pa-saiti kana panzvimbo yekuenzanisa.Zvinogara zvakanaka kuti ndiro idzokororwe pafekitari kana nzvimbo yakatsaurirwa.Kana, zvisinei, ndiro yacho isina kunyanya kupfekwa, kazhinji mukati me 0.001 inch yeinodiwa kushivirira, inogona kudzoserwa pa-saiti.Kana ndiro yakapfekwa kusvika painodarika 0.001 inch kubva mukushivirira, kana kuti yakashata kana kuti yanamwa, inofanira kutumirwa kufekitori kunogayiwa isati yadzokororwa.
Nzvimbo yekuyeresa ine midziyo uye fekitori marongero inopa mamiriro akakwana ekugadziriswa kweplate uye kushandazve kana zvichidikanwa.
Kuchenjerera kukuru kunofanirwa kuitwa pakusarudza pa-saiti calibration uye tekinoroji yekumisikidza.Kumbira kubvumidzwa uye simbisa midziyo ichashandiswa nenyanzvi ine NIST-inotevedzwa calibration.Chiitiko zvakare chinhu chakakosha, sezvo zvichitora makore mazhinji kudzidza nzira yekunyatso lap chaiyo granite.
Zviyero zvakakosha zvinotanga neplate yepamusoro yegranite chaiyo sehwaro.Nekuve nechokwadi chereferensi yakavimbika nekushandisa yakaribrated pamusoro peplate, vagadziri vane chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuyera kuyerwa uye zvikamu zviri nani.
Rondedzero yeCalibration Kusiyana
- Iyo yepamusoro yakashambidzwa neinopisa kana inotonhora mhinduro isati yagadziriswa uye haina kubvumidzwa nguva yakakwana yekumira.
- Iyo ndiro inotsigirwa zvisina kunaka.
- Kuchinja kwekushisa.
- Drafts.
- Chiedza chezuva chakananga kana kumwe kupisa kunopenya pamusoro pendiro.Iva nechokwadi chokuti chiedza chepamusoro hachisi kupisa pamusoro.
- Kusiyana kwe tembiricha yakatwasuka pakati pechando nezhizha.Kana zvichikwanisika, ziva tembiricha yakatwasuka gradient panguva yaiitwa calibration.
- Plate haibvumidzwe nguva yakakwana yekumisikidza mushure mekutumira.
- Kusashandisa zvisina kunaka kwemidziyo yekuongorora kana kushandiswa kwemidziyo isina kuverengerwa.
- Kuchinja kwechiso kunokonzerwa nekupfeka.
Tech Tips
Nekuti chiyero chega chega chinotsamira pane chaiyo referensi nzvimbo inotorwa zviyero zvekupedzisira, mahwendefa epamusoro anopa yakanakisa ndege yekutarisa yekuongorora basa uye marongero isati yaitwa.
Kudzora kupfava kwenzvimbo kune kushivirira kwakasimba kupfuura kupfava kwese kunovimbisa kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma mukupfava kwepamusoro, nekudaro kuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo.