ChaCecision yemakwikwi ndeyekuti ubvise zvinhu kubva pane yekushandira pakubata pakubata kushivirira kupedza. Machinda manyoro ane akawanda marudzi, kusanganisira kugaya, kutendeuka uye kwemagetsi discharge machining. Machina chaiwo nhasi anowanzo kudzorwa uchishandisa komputa nhamba dzekudzora (CNC).
Zvinenge zvese zvigadzirwa zvesimbi shandisa chaiyo machining, sezvinoita zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai sepurasitiki uye huni. Machina aya anoshanda nevanodzidziswa uye vakadzidziswa mashini. Nekuda kwekucheka chishandiso kuti uite basa rayo, inofanira kufambiswa mumativi yakataurwa kuti iite iyo chaiyo yakatemwa. Uku kufungidzira kwekutanga kunonzi "kumhanyisa kucheka." Iyo yekushandira inogona zvakare kufambiswa, inozivikanwa seyechipiri kufamba kwe "fudza." Pamwe chete, idzi mafambiro uye kupinza kwekucheka chishandiso kubvumira iyo chaiyo muchina kushanda kushanda.
Mhando yakakodzera yemakwikwi inoda kugona kutevedzera zvakanyanyisa bhuroka zvakanyatsogadzirwa neCAD (komputa yakarongedzwa kugadzira) Iyo software inogona kubatsira kuburitsa iyo yakaoma, 3-dimensional digrems kana kubuda kunze kwekuda kuitira kuti mugadziri mudziyo, muchina kana chinhu. Aya mabira anofanirwa kuomerera kune ruzivo rwakakura kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chengetedza kutendeka kwayo. Nepo makambani mazhinji emvura anoshanda neimwe nzira yeCAD / Cam zvirongwa, ivo vachiri kushanda kazhinji nematanho akaudzwa nemaoko ekutanga ezvikamu.
Chairo Chacision Inoshandiswa pane inoverengeka yezvinhu zvinosanganisira Simbi, Bronze, graphite, girazi nemapurasitiki kuzotumidza vashoma. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwepurojekiti uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa, dzakasiyana siyana michina michina zvishandiso zvichashandiswa. Chero kusanganiswa kweanotamba, michina yekugaya, yekudhara michina, saws uye grinders, uye kunyange yakakwirira-kumhanya marobhoti kunogona kushandiswa. Iyo Aerospace indasitiri inogona kushandisa yakakwira velocity machining, nepo mashandiro ehuni-kugadzira anogona kushandisa Photo-makemikari etching uye zviyero zvekugaya. Iko kurira kunze kwekumhanya, kana huwandu hwakaenzana hwechinhu chero chipi zvacho, chinogona kuve muzviuru, kana kuve vashoma. ChaCecision machining kazhinji inoda chirongwa cheCnc zvishandiso izvo zvinoreva kuti ivo kombiyuta nhamba dzinotongwa. Iyo cnc chigadzirwa inobvumira kuti zviyero chaizvo kuti uteverwe mumumhanyi wechigadzirwa.
Kugaya ndiyo michina yekugadzira yekushandisa rotary cutters kuti ubvise zvinhu kubva pane yekubatira nekufambira mberi (kana kudyisa) iyo cutter mugwara ratidziro. Iyo cutter inogona zvakare kuitirwa padanho rekona kune axis yechishandiso. Kugaya kunovhara dzakasiyana siyana mashandiro emhando dzakasiyana nemishini, pane zviyero kubva kune zvidiki zvega zvega kusvika kune hombe, inorema-basa gang gang kuraya. Iyo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa maitiro emachira emachira zvikamu zvekunyora zvisungo.
Kugaya kunogona kuitwa nehuremu hwakawanda hwekushandisa michero. Iyo yekutanga kirasi yezvishandiso zvemachinda yekugaya yaive muchina wekugaya (kazhinji unonzi chigayo). Mushure mekunge Advent yeComputer Computer Control (CNC), Machine Menelling Centers inowanzo kuve yakadzama semakisi emachinji mashini (VMMCS) kana yakatwasuka machining machina (HMCS).
Kubatanidzwa kwekunyima kushandura nzvimbo, uye vice versa, tanga nekushandisa mararamiro eLathes uye kushandisa dzimwe nguva mashandisirwo emamirimita ekutendeuka. Izvi zvakatungamira kukirasi idzva yemachina emidziyo, michina yemulms (mtms), iyo ine chinangwa-yakavakwa kuti ifambe nekufambisa uye kutendeuka mukati meiyo envelope yakafanana yebasa.
Kune mainjiniya ekugadzira, r & d timu, uye vagadziri vanoenderana nekukasira, precision cnc machining inobvumira kusikwa kwezvikamu zvakaoma pasina kuwedzera kuwedzerwa. Muchokwadi, precision cnc machining kazhinji inoita kuti zviitike kuti zvipfupi zvikamu zviitwe pamuchina mumwe.
Maitiro emachinini anobvisa zvinhu uye anoshandisa akasiyana siyana ekucheka maturusi kugadzira yekupedzisira, uye kazhinji akaomarara, dhizaini rechikamu. Iyo nhanho yekunyatsogadziriswa inosimbiswa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwecomputer nhamba yekudzora (CNC), iyo inoshandiswa otomatiki kutonga kwemashini machinching.
Basa re "CNC" mumakwikwi ekunyora
Uchishandisa codd programming mirayiridzo, precision cnc machining inobvumira chiitiko chekushanda kuti upe uye kuumbwa nekunyorwa kwakatemwa pasina manyorenti ekupindira nemushini.
Kutora kombiyuta inobatsira dhizaini (CAD) modhi yakapihwa nemutengi, nyanzvi yemakwikwi inoshandisa komputa yakabikwa yekugadzira software (cam) kugadzira mirairo yemamhepo chikamu. Zvichienderana neCAD modhi, software iyi inosarudza nzira dzipi dzinoshandisa dzinodiwa uye unogadzira kodhi yekodhi inotaurira muchina:
■ Ndedzipi chaiyo rpms uye yekupa mitengo ndeye
■ Ndeipi uye kupi yekufambisa chishandiso uye / kana workpice
■ Yakadzika sei kucheka
■ Papera kushandisa inotonhorera
■ Chero zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nekumhanya, kuraira kwemhando, uye kuwirirana
CNC CONCLOLLER wobva washandisa kodhi yekurongedza yekudzora, otomatiki, uye tarisa mafambiro emuchina.
Nhasi, CNC chinhu chakavakirwa-chakavakwa zviyero zvakasiyana, kubva kune lathes, mamirimita, uye magetsi ekurova edm (yemagetsi discharge machinji), laser, uye plasma kucheka michina. Pamusoro pekugadzira michina yekugadzira machining
Mukuwedzera, kana nzira yekushandisa yakagadzirwa uye muchina wakarongedzwa, inogona kumhanya chikamu chero kakawanda. Izvi zvinopa huwandu hwakanyanya hwekunyora uye kudzokorora, izvo zvinoenderana zvinoita kuti maitiro anowana zvakanyanya zvinobudirira uye zvinokatyamadza.
Zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa
Dzimwe simbi dzinowanzo kukwikwidza dzinosanganisira aluminium, ndarira, ndarira, ndarira, simbi, Titanium, uye zinc. Uye zvakare, huni, foam, fiberglass, uye mapurasitiki akadai sepfungwa inokwanisa zvakare kumisikidzwa.
Muchokwadi, kungangoita chero zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa nePrecide cnc machining - zvirokwazvo, zvichienderana nekunyorera uye zvinodiwa zvazvo.
Zvimwe zvakanakira zvekunyatsoita cnc machining
Kune akawanda ezvikamu zvidiki uye zvikamu zvinoshandiswa mune yakakura huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, precision cnc machining kazhinji ndiyo nzira yekugadzira sarudzo yekusarudza.
Sezvazviri ndezvekuti zvese zvinocheka nzira uye machinji nzira, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinozvibata zvakasiyana, uye hukuru uye chimiro chechikamu chine chekuita zvakanyanya pakubata. Nekudaro, kazhinji maitiro ekunyatsoita cnc machining inopa zvakanakira pamusoro pedzimwe nzira dzemachina.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti cnc machining inokwanisa kuendesa:
■ Dhigirii rakakwira rechikamu chikamu
■ Tight tiler
■ Yakasarudzika kumeso kwayo kupedza, kusanganisira tsika inopedzisa
■ Kudzokorora, kunyangwe pamahombekombe akakwirira
Nepo machinda ane hunyanzvi anogona kushandisa bhuku remanyorero kuti riite chikamu chemhando mune huwandu hwegumi kana zana, chii chinoitika kana iwe uchida chiuru zvikamu? 10,000 zvikamu? 100,000 kana mamirioni zvikamu?
Nekunyorwa cnc machinji, iwe unogona kuwana iyo scalability uye kumhanya inodiwa kune urwu rudzi rwekugadzirwa kwepamusoro-vhoriyamu. Uye zvakare, iyo yakakwira kudzokorora kweCCCision CNC mari inokupa iwe zvikamu izvo zvese zvakafanana kubva kutanga kusvika pakupedzisa, zvisinei kuti zvikamu zvakawanda zvauri kugadzira.
Kune dzimwe nzira dzakanyatsonaka dzeCNC machinji, kusanganisira wire edm (yemagetsi discharge machining), inowedzera machining, uye 3d laser kudhinda. Semuenzaniso, Wire Edm inoshandisa zvinhu zvinogadzirisa - kazhinji simbi - uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kudzima kuendesa basa rekushanda mumhando yakaoma.
Nekudaro, pano tichaisa pfungwa pamusoro pekugeza uye kushandura maitiro - nzira mbiri dzinotsiva dzinowanikwa zvakanyanya uye dzinowanzo shandiswa kune chaiyo cnc machinch.
Milling vs. kutendeuka
Kugaya imuchina maitiro anoshandisa kutenderera, cylindrical kucheka chishandiso kubvisa zvinhu uye kugadzira maumbirwo. Zvigadzirwa zvigayo, zvinozivikanwa seyechigayo kana nzvimbo yemakwikwi, inoenderana neyakadenga yeiyo nzvimbo yakaoma yegeometri pane zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakura zvechirume.
Hunhu hwakakosha hwekugaya ndewekuti iyo yekugadzira inosara yakamira apo iyo yekucheka chishandiso mbichana. Mune mamwe mazwi, pane chigayo, chishandiso chinotenderera chicheka chinofamba-famba chakakomberedza basa, chinosara chakagadziriswa munzvimbo pamubhedha.
Kutendeuka ndiyo nzira yekucheka kana kuumba basa rekushandisa pamidziyo inonzi lathe. Kazhinji, iyo lathe inoshatisa basa rekushanda pane yakagadziriswa kana yakatwasuka axis nepo yakasarudzika yekucheka chishandiso (iyo inogona kana inogona kunge isiri yekuputika) inofamba nenzira yakarongedzwa axis.
Chishandiso hachigone kuenda mumuviri kutenderera chikamu. Zvinyorwa zvinotenderera, zvichitendera chishandiso kuita mabasa akarongwa. .
Mukutendeuka, kusava nemamirimita, spins yebasa. Iyo chikamu chemuchengeti chinotendeuka pane iyo lathe spindle uye chishandiso chekucheka chinounzwa kuonana nebasa rekushanda.
Manual vs. cnc machining
Nepo menderekedzo uye lathes inowanikwa mumanyoro emanyoro, CNC michina yakakodzera nekuda kwezvinhu zvidiki zvidiki zvekugadzira
Pamusoro pekupa mashoni akapfava 2-axis umo chishandiso chinofamba mu x uye z axes, precision cnc michina inosanganisira akawanda-axis mhando umo basa rekushanda rinogona kutama. Izvi ndezvekusiyana neye lathe uko basa rekushanda rinogumira pakupururudza uye zvishandiso zvichafamba kuti vagadzire iyo yaunoda geometry.
Iyi yakawanda-axis yekukasira inobvumidza kugadzirwa kweiyo yakaomesesa geometries mukushanda kamwe chete, pasina inoda rimwe basa nemushini mushandi. Izvi hazvigone kuita kuti zvive nyore kuburitsa zvikamu zvakaoma, asi zvakare zvinoderedza kana kubvisa mukana wekukanganisa kweanoshanda.
Uye zvakare, kushandiswa kwekumisikidza-kumanikidza kuchina nekukasira cnc machining inovimbisa kuti machipisi haipinde mumabasa, kunyangwe kana uchishandisa muchina wakatenderwa neshure.
CNC mills
Machina egalgaling mashizha anosiyana mumasumbu avo, axis gadziriso, inopa mitengo, kutema kumhanya, iyo yekuya yekupa nzira, uye humwe hunhu.
Nekudaro, mune general, cnc mills zvese zvinoshandisa iyo inotenderera inotenderera yekucheka zvinhu zvisina kufanira. Ivo vanoshandiswa kucheka simbi yakaoma senge simbi uye titanium asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa nezvigadzirwa zvakadai sepurasitiki uye aluminium.
Cnc mils yakavakwa kuti dzidzorerwe uye rinogona kushandiswa kune zvese kubva pakuratidzira kune yakakura vhoriyamu kugadzirwa. Yakakwira-yekupedzisira chaiyo cnc mils inowanzoshandiswa kune yakasimba kushivirira kwakadai sekupisa kwakanaka kufa uye kuumbwa.
Ipo cnc chilling inogona kuendesa nekukurumidza turnaround, se-yakagadzirirwa kupedzisa inogadzira zvikamu zvine mavara anooneka. Zvinogona zvakare kubereka zvikamu zvine mimwe yemapuranga akapinza uye burrs, saka maitiro ekuwedzera anogona kudikanwa kana mupendero uye burrs zvisingagamuchiriki kune izvo zvinhu.
Ehezve, zvinonyadzisa zvishandiso zvakarongedzwa zvichitevedzana zvichaitika, kunyangwe kazhinji zvichizowana 90% yechinodiwa chinodiwa zvakanyanya, zvichisiya zvimwe zvinhu zvekupedzisira ruoko rwekupedzisira kupedzisa.
Kana iri yekupedzisa pamusoro, pane maturusi ayo anozobereka kwete chete zvinogamuchirika kupedzisa, asi zvakare girazi-sekupedzerwa pane zvikamu zvechigadzirwa chebasa.
Mhando dzeCNC mills
Mhando mbiri dzakakosha dzekugaya michina dzinozivikanwa semusoro wemachinji mashini uye yakatwasuka machining nzvimbo, uko musiyano wekutanga uri mumutungamiri wemuchina wekutakura.
Nzvimbo yemakwikwi yekumhanya iri chigayo mune iyo spindle axis inosangana muZ-Axis kutungamira. Iyi michina yemaseti inogona kuenderera mberi yakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri:
■ iyo iyo iyo iyo spindle inofamba yakafanana neyako axis apo tafura inofamba perpendicular kune iyo axis yeiyo spindle
■ turrrrr mamirimita, umo iyo spindle inomira uye tafura inofambiswa kuitira kuti igare iri perpendicular uye yakaenzana neiyo axis yeiyo spindle panguva yekucheka
Munzvimbo yakamisirwa yemakwikwi, iyo bayo spindle axis inosangana muY-axis kutungamira. Iyo yakatsaurwa chimiro zvinoreva kuti aya mamiririri anowanzo tora nzvimbo yakawanda pane iyo muchina wechitoro shopu; Ivo zvakare vanowanzo kurema muhuremu uye vane simba pane michina yemasetical.
Chigayo chakatwasuka chinowanzoshandiswa kana nguva iri nani yekupedza inodiwa; Imhaka yekuti kutaridzika kweiyo spindle kunoreva kucheka machipisi nechisikigo anowira pasi uye anobviswa zviri nyore. (Seyakawedzerwa rubatsiro, inoshanda chip yekubvisa inobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvida.)
Muzhinji, nzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzemachina dzakazara nekuti dzinogona kuve dzakasimba kunge nzvimbo dzakakomberedza macheya uye dzinogona kubata zvidiki zvidiki. Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo dzakatwasuka dzine tsoka diki pane nzvimbo yakatwasuka machining.
Multi-axis cnc mills
Precision Cnc chill nzvimbo dzinowanikwa pamwe nema demo akawanda. A 3-axis chiga inoshandisa x, y, uye z axes kune dzakasiyana siyana dzebasa. Ne 4-axis bayo, muchina unogona kutenderera pane yakatarwa uye yakatwasuka axis uye fambisa basa rekushandira kuti ubvumire kuti uwedzere kuenderera kwemakwikwi ekuenderera mberi.
Iyo 5-axis bayo ine matatu mademo uye maviri ekuwedzera matoze demo, achigonesa basa rekushanda kuti atenderwe senge musoro unofamba wakakomberedza. Izvi zvinogonesa mativi mashanu ebasa rekushanda kuti riitwe pasina kubvisa basa rekushanda uye kugadzirisa muchina.
CNC Lathes
A lathe - zvakare inonzi turning centre - ine imwe kana imwe scindles, uye x uye z axes. Muchina wacho unoshandiswa kutenderedza basa rekushanda pane yayo axis kuita dzakasiyana siyana dzekucheka uye dzimba dzekusimbisa, dzichishandisa maturusi akasarudzika pakubata.
CNC Lathes, iyo inonzi zvakare live yekuita chiitiko chekutora, zvakanakira kugadzira sylindrical cylindrical kana zvikamu zvechinguvana. Kufanana neCnc Mills, CNC Lathes inogona kubata madiki madiki ekuvhiringidza zvakadaro chete
CNC Lathes inogona zvakare kumisikidzwa kune yakawandisa-isina kugadzirwa, izvo zvinoita kuti vashandiswe zvakanyanya mumotokari, magetsi, erospace, marobhoti, uye maindasitiri ekurapa ekurapa.
Mashandiro emhando yeCNC
Ne cnc lathe, bar isina chinhu chezvemitemo inotakura mukati mechikamu cheiyo spindle's spindle. Iyi chuck inobata basa rekushanda munzvimbo iyo iyo spindle inotenderera. Kana spindle ichisvika pakumhanya inodiwa, chishandiso chekucheka chicheka chinounzwa kuonana neyekuchengetera basa kuti ubvise zvinhu uye kuzadzisa iyo chaiyo geometry.
A CNC LATHE inogona kuita huwandu hwekushanda, sekukweva, kuturika, kufinha, kusaririra, kutarisana, uye taper kutendeuka. Kushanda kwakasiyana kunoda zvishandiso zvinochinja uye zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo uye setup nguva.
Kana zvese zveanoda mari yemachining mari yapera, chikamu chakatemwa kubva kune stock kuti uwedzere kuenderera, kana zvichidikanwa. Iyo CNC LATHE inozogadzirira kudzokorora kuvhiyiwa, uine zvishoma kana kuti hapana imwe nguva yekuwedzera nguva inowanzodiwa pakati.
CNC Lathes inogonawo kugamuchira akasiyana-siyana otomatiki bar featers
■ Dzora nguva uye kushanda nesimba kunodiwa mumushini anoshanda
■ Tsigira bartock kuti uderedze vibrations iyo inogona kukanganisa kukanganisa chaiko
■ Bvumira chishandiso chemuchina kuti ushande kune optimum spindle inomhanyisa
■ Dourge Changeover Times
■ Deredza marara emidziyo
Mhando dzeCNC Lathes
Kune akati wandei emhando dzakasiyana dzevarwi, asi zvakanyanya kuwanda ndeye 2-axis cnc lathes uye china-chimiro otomatiki otomatiki.
Yakawanda CNC china lathes shandisa imwe kana maviri main spindles pamwe neyako kana maviri kumashure (kana sekondari) yekufambisa, ine rotary chinja chinongedzo cheiyo yekutanga. Iyo huru spindle inoita basa rekutanga rechinomwe, nerubatsiro rwechiratidzo chebhazi.
Uye zvakare, mamwe maChina-China Lathes anouya akashongedzwa nemusoro wechipiri chishandiso chinoshanda seye cnc chill.
NeCNC china-dhizaini otomatiki Lathe, iyo stock zvinyorwa zvinodyiswa kuburikidza nekutsvedza musoro scindle mune gwara rekutungamira. Izvi zvinobvumira chishandiso chekucheka zvinhu padhuze nepfungwa apo izvo zvinyorwa zvinotsigirwa, zvichiita kuti Chrina muchina inobatsira zvakanyanya kwenguva yakareba, vakaneta zvakadzama uye zvemidzitiroining.
Multi-axis Cnc kushandura nzvimbo uye China-maitiro-maitiro anogona kuzadzisa akawanda machining mashandiro ekushandisa uchishandisa imwe muchina. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo inodhura yeiyo yakaoma geometries iyo yaizoda michina yakawanda kana zvishandiso zvinoshandura uchishandisa michina yakadai seyakagadzirwa cnc