Munyika ine mainjiniya akagadzirwa otomatiki zvakanyanya, uko masisitimu akaomarara ekutevera laser uye maalgorithms akasimba anodzora kufamba, zvingaita sezvisinganzwisisike kuti kunyatsojeka kwejometri kuchiri kuvimba nezvishandiso zvekare kubva pamazuva ekutanga emetrology. Asi, sezvo indasitiri iri kupindira zvakanyanya muzvikamu zve sub-micron ne nanometer, basa guru rezvishandiso zve granite zvinonyatsojeka—kunyanya granite straight ruler ine Grade 00 precision, granite square, uyesikweya yegranite tri—haisi kungoenderera mberi chete, asi inowedzera. Izvi zvishandiso zvisingachinji, zvisingachinjiki ndizvo zvinosimbisa mashandiro emasisitimu ane simba epamusoro-soro.
Kudiwa kwezvishandiso izvi zvegranite kunobva papfungwa huru yemuviri: kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kwemuchina. Chero muchina wakagadzirirwa kunyatsojeka unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzira dzawo dzekuyera uye kufamba kwakatwasuka ndezvechokwadi, zvakananga, uye zvakamira. Kana kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kuchida kugadzikana kwehukuru kusingakanganiswi nekuchinja-chinja kwekushisa kana kudedera kwekunze, zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi kana simbi yakakandwa—zvine coefficient yazvo yakakwira yekuwedzera kwekupisa (CTE) uye kugona kwakaderera kwekudzikisa mvura—zvinokundikana bvunzo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, granite inopa nzvimbo yakanaka yekugadzikana. CTE yayo yakaderera zvinoreva kuti shanduko dzekupisa dzinokonzera kudonha kushoma, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakwana chekusarudza nzvimbo yekutarisa inoramba ichifungidzirwa. Uyezve, kugona kwayo kudzikamisa damping kwakanyanya kunokurumidza kunyudza kudedera, zvichidzivirira ruzha nekurira kunoparadzirwa nemidziyo yesimbi, izvo zvakakosha mumarabhoritari emetrology nenzvimbo dzekuunganidza uko ruzha rwemhepo rwuri dambudziko rinogara riripo.
Hwaro hweLinearity: Mutongi weGranite Straight ane Giredhi 00 Precision
Kuyera kutwasuka ndiyo dombo guru remetrology ine mativi akasiyana. Gwaro rega rega remutsetse, bheyaringi yemhepo, uye axis yeCMM zvinoenderana nenzira yakatwasuka inosimbiswa. Pakushandisa kwakaoma, granite straight ruler ine Giredhi 00 chaiyo inova ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
Kusarudzwa kweGiredhi 00 (kana kuti Giredhi reMaster rakaenzana) kunoratidza mwero wepamusoro wekururama unogoneka kunze kwema laboratories emazinga enyika. Iyi nhanho yekunyatsojeka inoda kuti kutsauka kwakatwasuka pamucheto wese wekushanda werure kunofanirwa kuyerwa muzvikamu zve micron. Kuzadzisa nhanho iyi ye geometric fidelity hakudi chete zvinhu zvakanaka asiwo maitiro ekugadzira anodzorwa nekungwarira.
Maitiro ekugadzira anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa pasi rose, zvakaita seDIN, JIS, ASME, kana GB. Aya mazinga epasi rose anotonga maitiro ekuyedza, mamiriro ekunze, uye kushivirira kunogamuchirika. Kune vagadziri vanoshandira vatengi vepasi rose—kubva kumakambani e semiconductor ekuJapan kusvika kuvavaki vematurusi emuchina wekuGerman—kukwanisa kusimbisa granite straight ruler inopesana nematanho akawanda panguva imwe chete chiratidzo chehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye kusimba kwesystem yemhando yepamusoro. Basa remutongi uyu riri nyore: kupa mutsetse usingachinjiki, usingachinjiki uyo kukanganisa kwekutwasuka kwe dynamic machine axis kunogona kurongwa uye kubhadharwa.
Kutsanangura Kugara Kwakakwana: Granite Square neGranite Tri Square
Kunyange zvazvo kutwasuka kuchireva mhando yekufamba kwemutsara, kutenderera (kana kuti mativi mana) ndiko kunoratidza mashandiro emuchina. Kusangana kwema axes ekufamba (akadai se X ne Y axes, kana Z axis maererano ne base plane) kunofanira kunge kuri 90° chaiyo. Chero kutsauka pano, kunozivikanwa se squareness error, kunoshandura zvakananga kuita positional error, zvichiita kuti pave nekuoma kwekuwana nzvimbo chaiyo.
Chikwere chegranite nekwere chegranite tri ndizvo zvinoshandiswa zvikuru kusimbisa kona iyi huru.
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Chikwere chegranite chinowanzo shandiswa kuona mativi emaseko emuchina kana tichitarisa plate yepamusoro kana kuti kuona kuti zvikamu zvacho zvakamira sei panguva yekuunganidza. Geometry yayo yakasimba yakaita seL inoita kuti zviso zviviri zvinoshanda zvirambe zviri pakona ye90° yakabvumidzwa.
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Chikwere chegranite tri (kana kuti master square) chinopa chimiro chejometri chakasiyana chine mativi matatu, zvichibvumira kutarisa kwakazara kwejometri yecubic mukati mefuremu yemuchina. Chimiro ichi chinobatsira zvikuru pakuisa miganhu yecubic yeCMMs kana mafuremu makuru emuchina, zvichiita kuti mapuraneti ese ave akaenzana uye akaenzana nehwaro.
Kufanana neruler yakatwasuka, makwere aya anofanira kuwana chitupa cheGiredhi 00, zvichireva kuti maengeli acho anofanira kunge akarurama mukati memasekondi e-arc. Iri ibasa rinoenderana nekugadzikana kwakanyanya kwegranite uye hunyanzvi husingatsiviwi hwevashandi vehunyanzvi vanoshandisa makumi emakore eruzivo mukuita kwekubata nemaoko kuti vasvike pakuita kwekupedzisira, kusina matambudziko pamusoro.
Hunhu hweUnyanzvi: Kupfuura Matombo Chete
Simba rezvishandiso izvi zve granite metrology harisi muzvinhu chete, asi muzvinhu zvose zvinotsigira kupihwa kwavo zvitupa nekugadzirwa. Makambani anotungamira mubasa iri anonzwisisa kuti kunyatsorongeka itsika, kwete kungotsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa chete.
Zvinotanga nenyanzvi dzemabasa emaoko. Mumaworkshops ane hunyanzvi, anodzorwa zvakanyanya, nyanzvi dzekugadzira nekunyatsogadzira dzinowanzova nemakore makumi matatu kana kupfuura eruzivo. Vanhu ava vane hunyanzvi pakushandisa ma lapping plates akasarudzika uye mishonga inokwesha kuti vagadzirise kusakwana kudiki diki nemaoko, kazhinji vachishanda kuti vagone kuona zvikanganiso zvinogona kuonekwa nemaoko avo kupfuura masensa mazhinji emagetsi. Ruzivo rwavo rwakaunganidzwa runovabvumira kuwana magumo epamusoro anosundira miganhu yekusatsetseka uye kutwasuka, dzimwe nguva kusvika pasi kusvika pachikero chenanometer kuti vapedzise zvakatsetseka zvinodikanwa nekushandiswa kwemhepo. Unyanzvi uhwu hwemunhu ndihwo hunonyanya kusiyanisa mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa zveGiredhi 00.
Unyanzvi uhwu hunoongororwa uye hunonyatsosimbiswa. Nzvimbo yekugadzira inofanira kunge yakagadzikana zvakanyanya, ine makamuri akachena anodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze, nheyo dzekongiri dzinodzivirira kudedera, uye michina yekuyera yakakosha senge laser interferometers uye mazinga emagetsi ayo pachawo anoongororwa nguva dzose uye anoteverwa nemarabhoritari emazinga enyika. Kuzvipira uku kunoita kuti chimiro chechinhu chirambe chiri chechokwadi kubva panguva yachinobva pafekitori.
Kuvimba nezvishandiso izvi zvekare asi zvakakwana kunosimbisa chokwadi chakadzama muinjiniya wepamusoro-soro: kutsvaga kumhanya kunochinja-chinja uye kuoma kwekuverenga kunofanira kugara kwakabatana nechokwadi chejiyometri chisingachinji, chinosimbiswa. Mutongi wegranite wakatwasuka une hunyanzi hweGiredhi 00, sikweya yegranite, uye sikweya yegranite tri hazvisi zvisaririra zvekare; ndiwo mwero unodiwa, usingachinji unovimbisa kusimba kwejiyometri yenguva yemberi. Nekuchengetedza kuomerera zvakanyanya kumitemo yeDIN, JIS, ASME, uye GB, vagadziri vane hunyanzvi vanovimbisa kuti dombo rekutanga rinoramba riri chishandiso chakanyanya kusimba chinowanikwa chekutsanangura chokwadi chedimensional.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2025