Gwaro Rekuyera reCMM Machine neMeasurement

Chii chinonzi CMM Machine?

Fungidzira muchina weCNC unokwanisa kuyera zvinhu nemazvo nenzira inoshanda otomatiki. Ndizvo zvinoitwa neCMM Machines!

CMM inomiririra "Coordinate Measuring Machine". Izvi pamwe ndizvo zvishandiso zvepamusoro zvekuyera zve3D maererano nekusanganiswa kwazvo kwekuchinjika, kururama, uye kumhanya.

Mashandisirwo eCoordinate Measuring Machines

Michina yekuyera yakarongeka inobatsira chero nguva pakuyera kwakarurama. Uye kana kuyerwa kwacho kwakaoma kana kuwanda, zvinobatsira zvikuru kushandisa CMM.

Kazhinji maCMM anoshandiswa pakuongorora nekutarisa mhando. Kureva kuti, anoshandiswa kuona kuti chikamu chacho chinosangana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri uye zvakatemwa.

Vanogonawo kushandiswamainjiniya wekudzokera shurezvikamu zviripo nekuita zviyero zvakarurama zvehunhu hwazvo.

Ndiani akagadzira michina yeCMM?

Michina yekutanga yeCMM yakagadzirwa neFerranti Company yekuScotland muma1950. Yaidiwa pakuyera zvikamu nemazvo mumaindasitiri endege nekudzivirira. Michina yekutanga yaive nemaaxes maviri chete ekufamba. Michina mitatu yakaunzwa muma1960 neDEA yekuItaly. Kudzora komputa kwakauya kutanga kwema1970, uye kwakaunzwa neSheffield yekuUSA.

Mhando dzeMichina yeCMM

Kune mhando shanu dzemuchina wekuyera we coordinate:

• Rudzi rwebhiriji CMM: Mukugadzirwa uku, kwakajairika, musoro weCMM unotasva bhiriji. Rumwe rutivi rwebhiriji runotasva padanda repamubhedha, uye rumwe rutivi runotsigirwa pamutsigiro wemhepo kana imwe nzira pamubhedha usina danda rekutungamira.
• Chinovhara ngarava (CMM): Chinovhara ngarava chinotsigira zambuko parutivi rumwe chete.
• Gantry CMM: Gantry inoshandisa gwara rekutungamira kumativi ese, seCNC Router. Idzi dzinowanzova maCMM makuru, saka dzinoda rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa.
• Ruoko Rwakatambanudzwa CMM: Fungidzira cantilever, asi bhiriji rese richikwira nekudzika ruoko rumwe chete pane kutenderera padivi paro. Idzi ndidzo CMM dzisina kunyatsojeka, asi dzinogona kuyera zvikamu zvikuru zvakaita se auto bodies.
• Ruoko Runotakurika Rudzi rweCMM: Michina iyi inoshandisa maoko akabatana uye inowanzoiswa nemaoko. Pane kuyera XYZ zvakananga, inoverenga macoordinates kubva panzvimbo inotenderera yejoinhi rega rega uye kureba kunozivikanwa pakati pemajoinhi.

Imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zvichienderana nemhando dzekuyera dzinofanira kuitwa. Mhando idzi dzinoreva chimiro chemuchina unoshandiswa kuisaongororozvichienzaniswa nechikamu chiri kuyerwa.

Heino tafura inobatsira kunzwisisa zvakanakira nezvayakaipira:

Mapurobe anowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu - X, Y, uye Z. Zvisinei, michina yakanyanya kunaka inogonawo kubvumira angle yemapurobe kuchinjwa zvichiita kuti kuyerwa munzvimbo idzo probe yaisazokwanisa kusvika. Matafura anotenderera anogonawo kushandiswa kuvandudza kugona kuswedera pedyo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

MaCMM anowanzogadzirwa negranite nearuminiyamu, uye anoshandisa mabheyaringi emhepo

Chinoongorora (probe) ndicho chinoona kuti pamusoro pechinhu chacho papi kana pakaitwa chiyero.

Mhando dzekuongorora dzinosanganisira:

• Michina
• Optical
• Laser
• Chiedza Chichena

Michina yekuyera yakabatana inoshandiswa nenzira nhatu huru:

• Madhipatimendi Ekutonga Hunhu: Heano anowanzo chengetwa mumakamuri akachena anodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze kuti anyatso nyatso shanda zvakanaka.
• Nzvimbo Yekutenga: Pano maCMM ari pakati peMichina yeCNC kuti zvive nyore kuita ongororo sechikamu chesero rekugadzira nekufamba kushoma pakati peCMM nemuchina uko zvikamu zviri kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinobvumira kuyerwa kuitwe nekukurumidza uye pamwe kakawanda izvo zvinoita kuti zvichengetedze mari sezvo zvikanganiso zvichionekwa nekukurumidza.
• Inotakurika: MaCMM anotakurika ari nyore kufamba nawo. Anogona kushandiswa paShop Floor kana kutoendeswa kunzvimbo iri kure nefekitori yekugadzira kuti apime zvikamu zviri mumunda.

Michina yeCMM (CMM Accuracy) Yakarurama Zvakadii?

Kururama kweCoordinate Measurement Machines kunosiyana. Kazhinji, vanenge vachivavarira kuti micrometer ive chaiyo kana kuti kwete. Asi hazvisi nyore kudaro. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti, pane kukanganisa kunogona kukonzerwa nehukuru, saka CMM inogona kutsanangura kuti CMM inogona kutsanangura kuti ipfupi inosanganisira kureba kwekuyera sechinhu chinoshanduka.

Semuenzaniso, Hexagon's Global Classic CMM yakanyorwa seCMM inodhura zvishoma, uye inotsanangura kururama kwayo seizvi:

1.0 + L/300um

Zviyero izvozvo zviri muma micron uye L inonyorwa mu mm. Saka ngatitii tiri kuedza kuyera kureba kwechinhu che 10mm. Fomura yacho ingave 1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 kana 1.03 microns.

Micron ichikamu chimwe chete pagumi remamirimita, chinova masendimita angangoita 0.00003937. Saka chikanganiso patinoyera hurefu hwedu hwe10mm i0.00103 mm kana 0.00004055 inches. Izvozvo zvisingasviki hafu yehafu yegumi - chikanganiso chidiki!

Kune rumwe rutivi, munhu anofanira kunge aine kururama kwakapetwa ka10 pane zvatiri kuedza kuyera. Saka izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tikangovimba nekuyera uku ne10x kukosha ikoko, kana kuti 0.00005 inches. Chikanganiso chidiki.

Zvinhu zvinotonyanya kuvhiringidzika pakuyera CMM pasi pechitoro. Kana CMM iri murabhoritari inoongorora tembiricha, zvinobatsira zvikuru. Asi paShop Floor, tembiricha dzinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana idzo CMM inogona kutsiva nadzo tembiricha, asi hapana yakakwana.

Vagadziri veCMM vanowanzo tsanangura kururama kwebhendi rekupisa, uye zvichienderana nechiyero cheISO 10360-2 chekururama kweCMM, bhendi yakajairika i64-72F (18-22C). Izvo zvakanaka kunze kwekunge Shop Floor yako iri 86F muzhizha. Saka hauna spec yakanaka yekanganiso yacho.

Vamwe vagadziri vanokupa matanho ematanho kana mabhendi ekupisa ane magadzirirwo akasiyana ekunyatsorongeka. Asi chii chinoitika kana uri munzvimbo dzinopfuura imwe chete dzekushandisa zvikamu zvakafanana panguva dzakasiyana dzezuva kana mazuva akasiyana evhiki?

Munhu anotanga kugadzira bhajeti risina chokwadi rinobvumira nyaya dzakaipa. Kana nyaya dzakaipisisa idzodzo dzikakonzera kushivirirana kusingagamuchirwi kwezvikamu zvako, zvimwe zvinofanirwa kuchinjwa maitiro:

• Unogona kuderedza kushandiswa kweCMM kusvika kune dzimwe nguva dzezuva apo tembiricha inoderera zvakanyanya.
• Unogona kusarudza kushandisa michina kana zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kushivirira panguva dzakasiyana dzezuva.
• MaCMM ari nani anogona kunge aine magadzirirwo ari nani ekupisa kwako. Anogona kunge akakosha kunyangwe achidhura zvakanyanya.

Ehe, matanho aya achakanganisa kugona kwako kuronga mabasa ako nemazvo. Kamwe kamwe unofunga kuti kudzora mamiriro ekunze kuri nani paShop Floor kungave mari inobatsira.

Unogona kuona kuti nyaya iyi yese yekuyera inonetsa sei.

Chimwe chinhu chinoenderana ndechekuti ma tolerances anofanira kuongororwa neCMM anotsanangurwa sei. Chiyero chegoridhe iGeometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Tarisa kosi yedu yekutanga paGD&T kuti udzidze zvakawanda.

Software yeCMM

CMM inoshandisa mapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana. Mutemo uyu unonzi DMIS, zvinoreva kuti Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard. Kunyange zvazvo isiri iyo software huru yemugadziri weCMM, vazhinji vavo vanoitsigira.

Vagadziri vakagadzira manakiro avo ega ega kuitira kuwedzera mabasa ekuyera asingatsigirwe neDMIS.

DMIS

Sezvambotaurwa, DMIS ndiyo yakajairika, asi seCNC's g-code, kune matauriro akawanda anosanganisira:

• PC-DMIS: Shanduro yeHexagon
• OpenDMIS
• TouchDMIS: Perceptron

MCOSMOS

MCOSTMOS isoftware yeCMM yaNikon.

Calypso

Calypso isoftware yeCMM inobva kuZeiss.

Software yeCMM neCAD/CAM

Ko CMM Software neProgramming zvine hukama hwakadii neCAD/CAM Software?

Kune mafomati akasiyana-siyana emafaira eCAD, saka tarisa kuti ndeapi mafomati ako eCMM Software anoenderana nawo. Kubatanidzwa kwekupedzisira kunonzi Model Based Definition (MBD). NeMBD, modhi pachayo inogona kushandiswa kuburitsa saizi yeCMM.

MDB ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, saka haisati yashandiswa muzviitiko zvakawanda.

CMM Probes, Fixtures, uye Zvishongedzo

Mapombi eCMM

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeprobe uye maumbirwo zviripo kuti zvibatsire mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana.

Zvigadziro zveCMM

Zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinochengetedza nguva pakurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu paCMM, sezvinoitwa paCNC Machine. Unogona kutowana maCMM ane ma pallet loaders otomatiki kuti awedzere simba rekushandisa.

Mutengo weMuchina weCMM

Michina mitsva yekuyera zvinhu inotangira pamadhora zviuru makumi maviri kusvika zviuru makumi matatu ($20,000) uye inosvika pamadhora miriyoni imwe chete ($1 miriyoni).

Mabasa Ane Chekuita neCMM muMachine Shop

Maneja weCMM

Murongi weCMM

Mushandi weCMM