1. Kuongororwa Kwemhando Yechitarisiko Chakazara
Kuongororwa kwakazara kwemhando yechitarisiko idanho guru mukutumira nekugamuchira zvikamu zvegranite. Zviratidzo zvemadimikira akawanda zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye mamiriro ekushandiswa. Zvinotevera zvinotsanangurwa zvekuongorora zvinopfupikiswa muzvikamu zvina zvakakosha: kuvimbika, mhando yepamusoro, saizi nechimiro, uye mazita uye kurongedza:
Kuongorora Kutendeseka
Zvikamu zvegranite zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakakwana kuti zvionekwe kuti hazvina kukuvara here. Zvikanganiso zvinokanganisa simba rechimiro uye mashandiro azvo, zvakaita sekutsemuka kwepadenga, mipendero yakatyoka nemakona, tsvina yakabatanidzwa, kutsemuka, kana zvikanganiso, zvinorambidzwa zvachose. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveGB/T 18601-2024 "Natural Granite Building Boards," huwandu hwezvikanganiso zvinobvumidzwa zvakaita sekutsemuka hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa neshanduro yapfuura yechiyero, uye zvimiro zvine chekuita nemavanga emavara uye zvikanganiso zvemutsara wemavara mushanduro ya2009 zvakabviswa, zvichiwedzera kusimbisa kutonga kwekuvimbika kwechimiro. Kune zvikamu zvine chimiro chakasarudzika, kuongororwa kwekuwedzera kwekuvimbika kwechimiro kunodiwa mushure mekugadzirisa kudzivirira kukuvara kwakavanzika kunokonzerwa nemaumbirwo akaomarara. Mitemo mikuru: GB/T 20428-2006 "Rock Leveler" inotaura zvakajeka kuti nzvimbo yekushanda nemativi e leveler inofanira kunge isina zvikanganiso zvakaita sekutsemuka, maburi, magadzirirwo akasununguka, mavara ekupfekwa, kutsva, uye mavanga angakanganisa zvakanyanya chitarisiko nekushanda.
Hunhu hwepamusoro
Kuyedzwa kwemhando yepamusoro kunofanirwa kutarisa kutsvedzerera, kupenya, uye kuenderana kwemavara:
Kuomarara Kwepamusoro: Pakushandisa mainjiniya akanyatsojeka, kuomarara kwepamusoro kunofanira kusvika paRa ≤ 0.63μm. Pakushandisa kwakajairika, izvi zvinogona kuitwa zvichienderana nechibvumirano. Mamwe makambani ekugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro, akadai seSishui County Huayi Stone Craft Factory, anogona kuwana kupenya kwepamusoro kweRa ≤ 0.8μm achishandisa michina yekukuya nekupukuta inotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Kupenya: Nzvimbo dzine magirazi (JM) dzinofanira kusangana nechiedza che specular che ≥ 80GU (ASTM C584 standard), chakayerwa uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira chiedza pasi pechiedza chakajairika. Kudzora musiyano wemavara: Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo isina chiedza chezuva chakananga. "Nzira yekuronga plate yakajairwa" inogona kushandiswa: mapuranga anobva mubhechi rimwe chete anoiswa pasi muworkshop yekuronga, uye kuchinja kwemavara netsanga kunogadziriswa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwese. Kune zvigadzirwa zvine chimiro chakasarudzika, kutonga musiyano wemavara kunoda matanho mana: kutenderera kaviri kwekusarudza zvinhu zvisina kurongeka pamugodhi nefekitori, kuronga kunobva mumvura uye kugadzirisa mavara mushure mekucheka nekupatsanura, uye kuronga kwechipiri nekugadzirisa zvakanaka mushure mekukuya nekupukuta. Mamwe makambani anogona kuwana kururama kwemusiyano wemavara we ΔE ≤ 1.5.
Kururama kweChimiro uye Dimension
Musanganiswa we "zvishandiso zvakarurama + zvakajairwa" unoshandiswa kuona kuti miganhu uye geometric tolerances zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira:
Zvishandiso zvekuyera: Shandisa zvishandiso zvakaita se vernier calipers (kunyatsojeka ≥ 0.02mm), micrometers (kunyatsojeka ≥ 0.001mm), uye laser interferometers. Laser interferometers dzinofanira kutevedzera zviyero zvekuyera zvakaita seJJG 739-2005 uye JB/T 5610-2006. Kuongororwa kweFlatness: Zvichienderana neGB/T 11337-2004 "Flatness Error Detection," flatness error inoyerwa uchishandisa laser interferometer. Pakushandisa kwakanyatsojeka, flatness inofanira kuva ≤0.02mm/m (zvichienderana neClass 00 accuracy yakataurwa muGB/T 20428-2006). Zvinhu zvemapepa zvakajairwa zvinorongwa negiredhi, semuenzaniso, flatness tolerance yezvinhu zvemapepa zvakapedzwa zvisina kurongeka ndeye ≤0.80mm yeGiredhi A, ≤1.00mm yeGiredhi B, uye ≤1.50mm yeGiredhi C.
Kushivirira Ukobvu: Pazvinhu zvepepa zvakapedzwa zvisina kusimba, kushivirira ukobvu (H) kunodzorwa kuti: ±0.5mm yeGiredhi A, ±1.0mm yeGiredhi B, uye ±1.5mm yeGiredhi C, yeH ≤12mm. Midziyo yekucheka yeCNC inongoerekana yagadzirwa otomatiki inogona kuchengetedza kushivirira kwakaringana kwe ≤0.5mm.
Kumaka uye Kurongedza
Zvinodiwa Pakuisa Chiratidzo: Nzvimbo dzechinhu dzinofanira kunyorwa zvakajeka uye kwenguva refu neruzivo rwakadai semuenzaniso, zvirevo, nhamba yebatch, uye zuva rekugadzirwa. Zvinhu zvine chimiro chakakosha zvinofanirwawo kusanganisira nhamba yekugadzirisa kuti zvive nyore kutevedzera uye kufananidza kuiswa. Zvirevo Pakuisa: Kuisa kunofanirwa kutevedzera GB/T 191 “Packaging, Storage, and Transportation Pictorial Marking.” Zviratidzo zvinodzivirira hunyoro uye kuvhunduka zvinofanirwa kunamirwa, uye matanho matatu ekudzivirira anofanira kuitwa: ① Isa mafuta ekudzivirira ngura panzvimbo dzinobata; ② Putira neEPE foam; ③ Chengetedza nepallet yehuni, uye isa mapedhi ekudzivirira kutsvedza pasi pepallet kudzivirira kufamba panguva yekufambisa. Kune zvikamu zvakaunganidzwa, zvinofanirwa kurongwa zvichienderana nehurongwa hwenhamba dzeassembling diagram kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika panguva yekuunganidza panzvimbo.
Nzira Dzinoshanda Dzekudzora Kusiyana Kwemavara: Zvinhu zvemabhuroko zvinosarudzwa uchishandisa "nzira yekupfapfaidza mvura ine mativi matanhatu." Muchina wekufapfaidza mvura wakatsaurirwa unopfapfaidza mvura zvakaenzana pamusoro pebhuroko. Mushure mekuomesa nekudzvanya nguva dzose, bhuroko rinoongororwa kuti rione kana paine tsanga, kusiyana kwemavara, tsvina, nezvimwe zvikanganiso zvichiri kuoma zvishoma. Nzira iyi inonyatsoona kusiyana kwemavara kwakavanzika kupfuura kuongorora kwetsika.
2. Kuedzwa kweSainzi kweZvinhu Zvinooneka
Kuyedzwa kwesainzi kwezvinhu zvepanyama chikamu chikuru chekudzora kunaka kwezvikamu zvegranite. Kuburikidza nekuyedzwa kwakarongeka kwezviratidzo zvakakosha zvakaita sekuomarara, kuwanda, kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye kuramba kuora, tinogona kuongorora zvakakwana hunhu hwechinhu chacho uye kuvimbika kwebasa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura nzira dzekuedza kwesainzi uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi kubva pamaonero mana.
Kuedzwa kweKuoma
Kuomarara ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chekudzivirira kwegranite kubva pakusakara kana kukwenya kwemuchina, zvichiratidza zvakananga hupenyu hwebasa rechikamu chacho. Kuomarara kweMohs kunoratidza kudzivirira kwechinhu pamusoro pekukwenya, nepo kuomarara kweShore kuchiratidza hunhu hwacho hwekuomarara pasi pemitoro inochinja-chinja. Pamwe chete, vanoumba hwaro hwekuongorora kudzivirira kwekusakara.
Zvishandiso zveKuedza: Mohs Hardness Tester (Nzira yeKukwenya), Shore Hardness Tester (Nzira yeKudzoserwa)
Mutemo weKushandiswa: GB/T 20428-2006 "Nzira Dzekuyedza dzeMatombo Echisikigo - Bhiriji"
Kugashira Kugamuchirwa: Kuomarara kweMohs ≥ 6, Kuomarara kweGungwa ≥ HS70
Tsananguro yeKubatana: Kukosha kwekuomarara kunoenderana zvakanaka nekusapera. Kuomarara kweMohs kwe6 kana kupfuura kunoita kuti pamusoro pechinhu chacho pasakwanise kukwenywa nekukwenywa kwezuva nezuva, nepo kuomarara kweShore kunoenderana nezvinodiwa kunoita kuti chimiro chive chakasimba pasi pemitoro yekurovera. Kuwanda uye Kuyedzwa kweKunyudzwa kweMvura
Kuwanda uye kunyudzwa kwemvura ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha pakuongorora kusimba kwegranite uye kuramba kwayo kupinda. Zvinhu zvine density yakawanda zvinowanzova nemaburi mashoma. Kunyudzwa kwemvura shoma kunonyatsovhara kupinda kwehunyoro uye ngura, zvichivandudza zvikuru kugara kwenguva refu.
Zvishandiso zveKuedza: Kuyera kwemagetsi, ovheni yekuomesa vacuum, mita yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu
Muganho weKushandiswa: GB/T 9966.3 “Nzira dzeKuyedza Matombo Echisikigo – Chikamu 3: Kunyudzwa kweMvura, Kuwanda kweMatombo, Kuwanda kweMatombo Echokwadi, uye Kuyedzwa kweKuwanda kweMatombo Echokwadi”
Muganho Unokodzera: Kuwanda kwemvura ≥ 2.55 g/cm³, kunyudzwa kwemvura ≤ 0.6%
Kusimba Kwenguva: Kana huwandu hwedombo hwasvika ≥ 2.55 g/cm³ uye mvura yasvika ≤ 0.6%, kuramba kwedombo kunyungudika nekunaya kwemunyu kunowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichideredza njodzi yezvikanganiso zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwekongiri nengura yesimbi.
Kuedzwa kweKugadzikana kweThermal
Kuyedzwa kwekugadzikana kwekupisa kunotevedzera kushanduka-shanduka kwekupisa kwakanyanya kuti kuongorore kugadzikana kwehukuru uye kuramba kwezvikamu zvegranite pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekupisa. Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa inzira yakakosha yekuongorora. Zvishandiso zveKuedza: Chamber yeKutenderera Kwemhepo Yepamusoro neYakaderera, Laser Interferometer
Nzira yekuedza: Kutenderera kwetembiricha gumi kubva -40°C kusvika 80°C, kutenderera kwega kwega kunogara kwemaawa maviri
Chiratidzo Chekutsanangura: Kuwedzerwa kweThermal Coefficient kunodzorwa mukati me5.5×10⁻⁶/K ± 0.5
Kukosha Kwehunyanzvi: Iyi coefficient inodzivirira kukura kwe microcrack nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwekupisa muzvikamu zvinosangana nekushanduka kwekupisa kwemwaka kana kuchinja kwekupisa kwezuva nezuva, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera zvakanyanya kushandiswa panze kana munzvimbo dzinoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Bvunzo reKuramba Frost neMunyu: Bvunzo iyi yekudzivirira chando nemunyu inoongorora kuramba kwedombo pakuora kubva mukutenderera kwechando-kunyunguduka uye kusimba kwemunyu, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinotonhora uye dzine saline-alkali. Bvunzo reKuramba Frost (EN 1469):
Mamiriro Emuenzaniso: Mienzaniso yematombo akazara nemvura
Maitiro Ekufamba Nebhasikoro: Isa mufiriji pa -15°C kwemaawa mana, wobva wanyungudutsa mumvura ine tembiricha ye20°C kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere, zvichiita maawa makumi mana nemasere.
Zvinodiwa: Kurasikirwa nehuremu ≤ 0.5%, kudzikiswa kwesimba reflexural ≤ 20%
Kuedzwa kweKuita Crystallization yeMunyu (EN 12370):
Mamiriro Anoshanda: Dombo rine maburi rine mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura unopfuura 3%
Maitiro Ekuyedza: Kunyudzwa kwe15 mumvura ine 10% Na₂SO₄ solution zvichiteverwa nekuomeswa.
Maitiro Ekuongorora: Hapana kutsemuka kana kutsemuka pamusoro, hapana kukuvara kwechimiro kudiki diki
Nzira Yekuedza Kusanganisa: Kunzvimbo dzinotonhora dziri kumahombekombe dzine munyu, kuyedzwa kwechando nekunyungudika kwemunyu kunodiwa. Kunzvimbo dzakaoma dziri mukati megungwa, kuyedzwa kwekudzivirira chando chete ndiko kunogona kuitwa, asi matombo ane mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura unopfuura 3% anofanirawo kuyedzwa kwekusimbisa munyu.
3, Kutevedzera Mutemo uye Chitupa Chemhando Yepamusoro
Kutevedzera mitemo uye kusimbiswa kwezvikamu zvegranite idanho guru mukuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvakanaka, zvakachengeteka, uye zvinowanikwa pamusika. Zvinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemuno, mitemo yemusika wepasi rose, uye mitemo yekutarisira mhando yeindasitiri panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura zvinodiwa izvi kubva pamaonero matatu: system yemuno, kurongeka kwemitemo yepasi rose, uye system yekusimbisa kuchengetedzwa.
Sisitimu Yemumba Yakajairika
Kugadzirwa nekugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvegranite muChina kunofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo miviri mikuru: GB/T 18601-2024 “Natural Granite Building Boards” uye GB 6566 “Miganho yeRadionuclides muZvinhu zveKuvaka.” GB/T 18601-2024, chiyero chenyika chazvino chinotsiva GB/T 18601-2009, chinoshanda pakugadzirwa, kugoverwa, uye kugamuchirwa kwemapaneru anoshandiswa mumapurojekiti ekushongedza ezvivakwa uchishandisa nzira yekubatanidza nenamira. Zvigadziriso zvikuru zvinosanganisira:
Kugadziriswa kwekushanda kwakagadziridzwa: Mhando dzezvigadzirwa dzakarongwa zvakajeka zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa, kupatsanurwa kwemapaneru akakombama kwabviswa, uye kuenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuvaka kwavandudzwa;
Zvinodiwa pakushanda zvakanaka: Zviratidzo zvakaita sekudzivirira chando, kuramba kukanganiswa, uye anti-slip coefficient (≥0.5) zvawedzerwa, uye nzira dzekuongorora matombo nemineral dzakabviswa, zvichinyanya kutarisisa mashandiro einjiniya anoshanda;
Maitiro ekuyedza akagadziriswa: Vagadziri, makambani ekuvaka, uye masangano ekuyedza vanopihwa nzira dzekuedza dzakabatana uye zvinodiwa zvekuongorora.
Nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemwaranzi, GB 6566 inorayira kuti zvikamu zvegranite zvive neinternal radiation index (IRA) ≤ 1.0 uye external radiation index (Iγ) ≤ 1.3, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvekuvaka zvisave nengozi dzemwaranzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Kuenderana neInternational Standards
Zvikamu zvegranite zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nedunhu remusika wakatarwa. ASTM C1528/C1528M-20e1 uye EN 1469 ndiwo mwero mukuru wemisika yeNorth America neyeEU, zvichiteerana.
ASTM C1528/C1528M-20e1 (American Society for Testing and Materials standard): Inoshanda segwara rekubvumirana kweindasitiri pakusarudzwa kwematombo emhando yepamusoro, inotaura nezvematanho akati wandei akabatana, anosanganisira ASTM C119 (Standard Specification yeDimension Stone) uye ASTM C170 (Compressive Strength Testing). Izvi zvinopa vagadziri vezvivakwa nemakambani hurongwa hwakazara hwehunyanzvi kubva pakusarudza dhizaini kusvika pakuiswa nekugamuchirwa, zvichisimbisa kuti kushandiswa kwematombo kunofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yekuvaka yemuno.
EN 1469 (EU standard): Kune zvigadzirwa zvematombo zvinotumirwa kuEU, chiyero ichi chinoshanda sehwaro hwechitupa cheCE, chinoda kuti zvigadzirwa zvigare zvakaiswa nhamba yakajairwa, giredhi rekushanda (semuenzaniso, A1 yekunze kwepasi), nyika yakabva, uye ruzivo rwemugadziri. Kugadziriswa kwazvino kunosimbisawo kuyedzwa kwezvivakwa, kusanganisira simba reflexural ≥8MPa, simba rekumanikidza ≥50MPa, uye kuramba chando. Zvinodawo kuti vagadziri vagadzire sisitimu yekudzora kugadzirwa kwefekitori (FPC) inosanganisira kuongorora zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kutarisa maitiro ekugadzira, uye kuongorora chigadzirwa chakapedzwa.
Sisitimu Yekusimbisa Kuchengetedzeka
Chitupa chekuchengetedza chezvikamu zvegranite chinosiyaniswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa, kunyanya chinosanganisira chitupa chekuchengetedza chikafu uye chitupa chehunhu hwekutarisira mhando.
Zvikumbiro zvekubatana nechikafu: Chitupa cheFDA chinodiwa, chakatarisana nekuyedza kufamba kwemakemikari ematombo panguva yekubatana nechikafu kuona kuti kuburitswa kwesimbi dzinorema nezvinhu zvine njodzi kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza chikafu.
Kutarisira Hunhu Hwakazara: Chitupa cheISO 9001 chehunhu chinodiwa zvikuru muindasitiri. Makambani akadai saJiaxiang Xulei Stone naJinchao Stone akawana chitupa ichi, achigadzira nzira yakakwana yekudzora hunhu kubva pakuchera zvinhu zvisina kurongeka kusvika pakugamuchirwa kwechigadzirwa chapera. Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira matanho makumi maviri nemasere ekuongorora hunhu akaitwa muchirongwa cheCountry Garden, achivhara zviratidzo zvikuru zvakaita sekururama kwehukuru, kusatsetseka kwenzvimbo, uye radioactivity. Magwaro echitupa anofanira kusanganisira mishumo yebvunzo dzevamwe (senge kuyedzwa kweradioactivity uye kuyedzwa kwepfuma chaiyo) uye zvinyorwa zvekudzora kugadzirwa kwefekitori (senge magwaro ekushanda kwesystem yeFPC uye magwaro ekutevera hunhu), kugadzira cheni yekutevera hunhu hwakakwana.
Pfungwa Dzinokosha Dzekutevedzera Mutemo
Kutengeswa kwemuno kunofanira kusangana panguva imwe chete nezvinodiwa zveGB/T 18601-2024 pamwe nemiganhu yemwaranzi yeGB 6566;
Zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kuEU zvinofanirwa kunge zvakanyoreswa neEN 1469 uye zvine chiratidzo cheCE uye chiyero cheA1 performance;
Makambani ane chitupa cheISO 9001 anofanirwa kuchengetedza makore matatu ezvinyorwa zvekudzora kugadzirwa uye mishumo yekuyedza kuti iongororwe nemutemo.
Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwakabatana kwehurongwa hwakajairika hwemadhigirii akawanda, zvikamu zvegranite zvinogona kuwana kudzora mhando muhupenyu hwazvo hwese, kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakuendesa, uku zvichisangana nezvinodiwa zvekutevedzera mitemo yemisika yemuno neyepasi rose.
4. Kutarisirwa Kwemagwaro Anogamuchirwa Kwakajairwa
Kutarisirwa kwemagwaro ekugamuchirwa kwakajairika inzira huru yekudzora kuendeswa nekugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvegranite. Kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekunyora hwakarongeka, cheni yekutevedza mhando inogadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuteverwa uye kutevedzera zvese zvinodiwa mukati mehupenyu hwezvikamu. Sisitimu iyi yekutarisira inonyanya kusanganisira mamodule matatu makuru: magwaro ekusimbisa mhando, runyorwa rwekutumira uye kurongedza, uye mishumo yekugamuchira. Module yega yega inofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yenyika uye zvinodiwa neindasitiri kuti igadzire sisitimu yekutarisira yakavharwa.
Magwaro eChitupa Chemhando Yepamusoro: Kutevedzera Mutemo uye Kusimbiswa Kwemvumo
Magwaro ekusimbisa hunhu ndiwo humbowo hukuru hwekutevedzera hunhu hwezvikamu uye anofanira kunge akazara, akarurama, uye achitevedzera mitemo. Rondedzero huru yemagwaro inosanganisira:
Chitupa Chezvinhu: Izvi zvinofukidza ruzivo rwekutanga rwakadai sekwakabva zvinhu zvisina kusimba, zuva rekuchera, uye kuumbwa kwezvicherwa. Zvinofanira kuenderana nenhamba yezvinhu zviripo kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoteverwa. Zvinhu zvisina kusimba zvisati zvabuda mumugodhi, kuongororwa kwemugodhi kunofanirwa kupedzwa, kunyora kutevedzana kwemugodhi uye mamiriro ekutanga emhando kuti zvipe chiyero chemhando yekugadzirwa kunotevera. Mishumo yebvunzo dzebato rechitatu inofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvepanyama (zvakadai sekuwanda uye kunyudzwa kwemvura), zvinhu zvemakanika (simba rekumanikidza uye simba rekutenderera), uye kuyedzwa kwemwaranzi. Sangano rekuyedza rinofanira kunge rakanyoreswa neCMA (semuenzaniso, sangano rine mukurumbira seBeijing Inspection and Quarantine Institute). Nhamba yechiyero chebvunzo inofanira kuratidzwa zvakajeka mumushumo, semuenzaniso, mhinduro yebvunzo yesimba rekumanikidza muGB/T 9966.1, "Nzira Dzekuyedza dzeMatombo Echisikigo - Chikamu 1: Kuyedzwa kweSimba reKumanikidza mushure mekuomeswa, Kuzara kweMvura, uye Kutonhora-Kunyunguduka Kwemvura." Kuyedzwa kwemwaranzi kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa zveGB 6566, "Miganhu yeRadionuclides muZvinhu Zvekuvaka."
Magwaro Echitupa Chakakosha: Zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinofanirwawo kupa magwaro ekumaka eCE, kusanganisira mushumo wekuyedza uye Chiziviso Chekushanda Kwemugadziri (DoP) chakapihwa nesangano rakaziviswa. Zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita neSystem 3 zvinofanirwawo kuendesa chitupa cheFactory Production Control (FPC) kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvezvigadzirwa zvematombo echisikigo muEU standards zvakaita seEN 1469.
Zvinodiwa Zvikuru: Magwaro ese anofanira kudhindwa nechisimbiso chepamutemo nechisimbiso chepakati pemutsetse chesangano rekuyedza. Makopi anofanira kunyorwa kuti "akafanana neawokutanga" uye asainwa uye asimbiswe nemutengesi. Nguva yekushanda kwegwaro inofanira kupfuura zuva rekutumira kuitira kudzivirira kushandisa data rekuyedza rapera. Rondedzero dzeKutumira neRondedzero dzeKurongedza: Kudzora Kwakarurama kweLogistics
Rondedzero dzekutumira zvinhu uye rondedzero dzekutakura zvinhu imotokari huru dzinobatanidza zvinodiwa zvekuodha nekutumira zvinhu chaiko, zvinoda nzira yekusimbisa zvinhu zvine nhanho nhatu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuendesa zvinhu kwakarurama. Maitiro acho anosanganisira:
Sisitimu Yekuzivikanwa Yakasarudzika: Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kunge chakanyorwa zita rekuti chinozivisa zvakasiyana zvachose, kungave QR code kana barcode (laser etching inokurudzirwa kudzivirira kupera). Zita iri rinosanganisira ruzivo rwakadai se component model, nhamba yeodha, processing batch, uye quality inspector. Padanho re rough material, zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa nhamba zvichienderana nehurongwa hwazvakacherwa uye zvakaiswa pendi isingagezi kumativi ese. Maitiro ekutakura nekurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu anofanira kuitwa nenzira yazvakacherwa nayo kudzivirira kusanganiswa kwezvinhu.
Maitiro Ekusimbisa Matunhu Matatu: Danho rekutanga rekusimbisa (odha vs. list) rinosimbisa kuti kodhi yezvinhu, matsanangudzo, uye huwandu huri murondedzero zvinoenderana nechibvumirano chekutenga; danho rechipiri rekusimbisa (rondedzero vs. kurongedza) rinosimbisa kuti label yebhokisi rekurongedza inoenderana nechiratidzo chakasiyana chiri murondedzero; uye danho rechitatu rekusimbisa (kurongedza vs. chigadzirwa chaicho) rinoda kusunungura uye kutarisa, kuenzanisa maparamita chaiwo echigadzirwa nedata rerondedzero nekuskena QR code/barcode. Matsanangudzo ekurongedza anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvekumaka, kurongedza, kutakurwa, uye kuchengetwa kweGB/T 18601-2024, "Natural Granite Building Boards." Iva nechokwadi chekuti simba rezvinhu zvekurongedza rakakodzera huremu hwechikamu uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwemakona panguva yekufambisa.
Mushumo weKugamuchira: Kusimbiswa kweMhedzisiro uye Kutsanangurwa kweMabasa
Mushumo wekugamuchirwa ndiwo gwaro rekupedzisira rekugamuchirwa. Rinofanira kunyora zvizere maitiro ekuyedza nemigumisiro, richizadzisa zvinodiwa zveISO 9001 quality management system. Zviri mukati memushumo zvinosanganisira:
Rekodhi yeData reKuyedza: Hunhu hwakadzama hwekuyedza hunhu hwemuviri nehwemakanika (semuenzaniso, kukanganisa kwekutsetseka ≤ 0.02 mm/m, kuomarara ≥ 80 HSD), kutsauka kwejometri (kushivirira kureba/upamhi/ukobvu ± 0.5 mm), uye machati akabatanidzwa edata rekutanga rekuyera kubva kumidziyo chaiyo senge laser interferometers uye gloss metres (inokurudzirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo nhatu dzedecimal). Nzvimbo yekuyedza inofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba, netembiricha ye20 ± 2°C uye hunyoro hwe40%-60% kudzivirira zvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza kuti zvisakanganisa kururama kwekuyera. Kubata Kusatevedzera: Kune zvinhu zvinopfuura zvinodiwa zvakajairwa (semuenzaniso, kudzika kweganda repamusoro >0.2mm), nzvimbo yekukanganisa uye huwandu hwayo zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakajeka, pamwe nehurongwa hwekuita hwakakodzera (kugadzirisa patsva, kudzikisa, kana kubvisa). Mutengesi anofanira kutumira chibvumirano chakanyorwa chekugadzirisa mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere.
Saini uye Kuchengeta: Mushumo unofanirwa kusainwa uye kudhindwa nevamiriri vekugamuchira vemutengesi nemutengi, zvichiratidza zvakajeka zuva rekugamuchira uye mhedziso (yakakodzera/yakamirira/yakarambwa). Zvakare zvinofanirwa kuiswa mudura rekuchengetedza zvitupa zvezvishandiso zvekuyedza (semuenzaniso, mushumo wekururama kwechishandiso chekuyera pasi peJJG 117-2013 “Granite Slab Calibration Specification”) uye zvinyorwa zve “kuongorora katatu” (kuzviongorora, kuongorora pamwe chete, uye kuongorora kwakasarudzika) panguva yekuvaka, zvichigadzira rekodhi yakazara yemhando.
Kutevedza: Nhamba yemushumo inofanira kushandisa fomati ye "purojekiti kodhi + gore + nhamba yeserial" uye inobatanidzwa kune chiratidzo chechikamu chakasiyana. Kutevedzana kwemagwaro emagetsi nemagwaro chaiwo kunowanikwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hweERP, uye mushumo unofanirwa kuchengetwa kwemakore mashanu (kana kupfuura sezvakabvumiranwa muchibvumirano). Kuburikidza nekutarisira kwakajairika kwehurongwa hwemagwaro hwataurwa pamusoro apa, mhando yemaitiro ese ezvikamu zvegranite kubva pazvinhu zvakabikwa kusvika pakutumira inogona kudzorwa, ichipa rutsigiro rwedata rwakavimbika rwekuisa, kuvaka uye kugadzirisa mushure mekutengesa.
5. Hurongwa hweKufambisa uye Kudzora Njodzi
Zvikamu zvegranite zvinopfava zvakanyanya uye zvinoda kunyatsorongeka, saka kutakurwa kwazvo kunoda dhizaini yakarongeka uye sisitimu yekudzora njodzi. Kubatanidza maitiro nemaitiro eindasitiri, hurongwa hwekufambisa hunofanirwa kurongeka muzvikamu zvitatu: kugadziriswa kwenzira dzekufambisa, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji dzekudzivirira, uye nzira dzekufambisa njodzi, kuve nechokwadi chekudzorwa kwemhando kubva pakutumira kwefekitori kusvika pakugamuchirwa.
Kusarudzwa Kwakavakirwa Pamamiriro Ezvinhu uye Kusimbiswa Kwenzira Dzekufambisa Pamberi
Kurongeka kwekufambisa kunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nedaro, hunhu hwezvikamu, uye zvinodiwa papurojekiti. Pakufambisa daro diki (kazhinji ≤300 km), kutakurwa nemugwagwa kunofarirwa, sezvo kuchinjika kwayo kuchibvumira kutumirwa kubva pasuo kuenda kusuo uye kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwekufambisa. Pakufambisa daro refu (>300 km), kutakurwa nechitima kunofarirwa, zvichishandisa kugadzikana kwayo kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekusagadzikana kwedaro refu. Pakutumira kunze kwenyika, kutakurwa kwekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda kwakakosha, kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo yekutakura zvinhu yepasi rose. Pasinei nenzira inoshandiswa, kuyedzwa kwekurongedza kunofanirwa kuitwa kusati kwaitwa kutakurwa kuti kuonekwe kushanda kwemhinduro yekurongedza, kutevedzera kukanganisa kwe30 km/h kuti kuve nechokwadi chekukuvadzwa kwezvikamu. Kuronga nzira kunofanirwa kushandisa sisitimu yeGIS kudzivirira nzvimbo nhatu dzine njodzi huru: makomba anoenderera mberi ane materu akakura kupfuura 8°, nzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana pakuongorora geology dzine simba rekudengenyeka kwenyika rekare ≥6, uye nzvimbo dzine nhoroondo yezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa (senge madutu nechando chakawanda) mumakore matatu apfuura. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi dzekunze kwezvakatipoteredza panobva nzira.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyange zvazvo GB/T 18601-2024 ichipa zvinodiwa zve "kutakura nekuchengetera" granite slabs, haina kutsanangura zvirongwa zvekufambisa zvakadzama. Saka, pakushanda chaiko, mamwe magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi anofanirwa kuwedzerwa zvichienderana nezinga rekururama kwechikamu. Semuenzaniso, kumapuratifomu egranite eClass 000 akanyatsogadzirwa, kushanduka kwekushisa nehunyoro kunofanirwa kutariswa mukati mekutakura (nehuremu hwekudzora hwe20±2°C uye hunyoro hwe50%±5%) kudzivirira shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza kubva pakuburitsa kushushikana kwemukati uye kukonzera kutsauka kwekururama.
Sisitimu yekudzivirira ine mativi matatu uye marongero ekushanda
Zvichibva pahunhu hwezvinhu zvegranite, matanho ekudzivirira anofanira kusanganisira nzira ine zvikamu zvitatu ye "buffering-fixing-isolation", ichinyatsotevedzera mwero weASTM C1528 wekudzivirira kwepasi. Chikamu chekudzivirira chemukati chakaputirwa zvizere nefuro remaparera rine ukobvu hwe20 mm, chakatarisana nekutenderedza makona ezvikamu kudzivirira nzvimbo dzakapinza kuti dzisaboore paki yekunze. Chikamu chekudzivirira chepakati chakazadzwa nemabhodhi efoam eEPS ane density ye ≥30 kg/m³, ayo anotora simba rekufambisa vibration kuburikidza nekuchinja. Mukana uri pakati pefuro nepamusoro pechikamu unofanirwa kudzorwa kusvika ≤5 mm kudzivirira kusuduruka nekukweshana panguva yekufambisa. Chikamu chekudzivirira chekunze chakasimbiswa nefuremu yehuni yakasimba (zviri nani paini kana fir) ine chikamu chepakati che 50 mm × 80 mm. Mabhureki esimbi nemabhoti zvinovimbisa kusimba kwakasimba kudzivirira kufamba kwezvikamu zviri mukati mefuremu.
Panyaya yekushanda, nheyo yekuti "kubata nekungwarira" inofanira kutevedzwa zvakanyanya. Zvishandiso zvekurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakashongedzwa nemacushion erabha, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosimudzwa panguva imwe chete hahufanirwe kudarika zviviri, uye kukwirira kwekuisa zvinhu kunofanirwa kunge kuri ≤1.5 m kudzivirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kutsemuka kwezvikamu. Zvikamu zvakakodzera zvinorapwa nekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro zvisati zvatumirwa: kupfapfaidza nechinhu chinodzivirira silane (kudzika kwekupinda mukati ≥2 mm) uye kufukidza nefirimu rekudzivirira rePE kudzivirira kukurwa kwemafuta, guruva, nemvura yemvura panguva yekufambisa. Kudzivirira Pfungwa Dzinokosha Dzekudzora
Dziviriro Pakona: Nzvimbo dzese dzakakombama kurudyi dzinofanira kuiswa dziviriro dzemakona dzerabha dzine ukobvu hwe5mm uye dzakasungirirwa netambo dzenylon.
Simba reFuremu: Mafuremu emapuranga anofanira kupasa bvunzo yekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwe1.2 yakapetwa mutoro wakayerwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoshanduka.
Kunyora Tembiricha Nehunyoro: Kadhi rinoratidza tembiricha nehunyoro (rinotangira pa -20°C kusvika 60°C, 0% kusvika 100% RH) rinofanira kunamirwa kunze kwepakeji kuti rione shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza munguva chaiyo.
Kutamisa Njodzi uye Nzira Yekutarisa Yakazara
Kuti tigadzirise njodzi dzisingatarisirwi, nzira mbiri dzekudzivirira nekutonga njodzi dzinosanganisa "inishuwarenzi + monitoring" dzinodiwa. Inishuwarenzi yekutakura zvinhu yakakwana inofanira kusarudzwa ine huwandu hwekuvhara husingasviki 110% yemutengo chaiwo wemutoro. Kuvhara zvinhu kunosanganisira: kukuvara kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nekurovera kana kupidigura mota yekutakura; kukuvara kwemvura kunokonzerwa nemvura yakawanda kana mafashamo; tsaona dzakadai semoto nekuputika panguva yekutakura; uye kudonha netsaona panguva yekutakura nekuburitsa zvinhu. Kune zvikamu zvine hungwaru hwepamusoro (zvinokosheswa kupfuura 500,000 yuan paseti), tinokurudzira kuwedzera masevhisi ekutarisa kutakura eSGS. Iyi sevhisi inoshandisa GPS positioning chaiyo (kurongeka ≤ 10 m) uye sensors dzetembiricha nehunyoro (data sampling interval 15 minutes) kugadzira electronic ledger. Mamiriro asina kujairika anotanga otomatiki nyevero, zvichiita kuti kuteverwa kwemaziso mukuita kwese kwekutakura.
Sisitimu yekuongorora nekuzvidavirira inofanira kugadzwa padanho rekutarisira: Dhipatimendi rekuongorora mhando risati rasvika richaongorora kuti kurongedza kwacho kwakarurama here uye rosaina "Chinyorwa Chekuburitswa Kwekutakura." Munguva yekufambisa, vashandi vekufambisa vanozoongorora zvinhu nemazvo maawa maviri ega ega vonyora kuongorora kwacho. Pakusvika, munhu anogamuchira anofanira kuburitsa zvinhu zvake nekukasika. Chero kukuvara kwakadai sekutsemuka kana makona akachekwa kunofanira kurambwa, zvichibvisa pfungwa yekuti "tanga washandisa, gadzirisa gare gare". Kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekudzivirira nekutonga hune mativi matatu hunobatanidza "kuchengetedzwa kwetekinoroji + kutamiswa kweinishuwarenzi + kuzvidavirira kwekutarisira," mwero wekukuvadzwa kwekutakura zvinhu unogona kuchengetwa pasi pe0.3%, wakaderera zvakanyanya pane avhareji yeindasitiri ye1.2%. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti musimboti mukuru wekuti "kudzivirira kurovera" unofanirwa kutevedzwa panguva yese yekufambisa nekurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu. Zvese zviri zviviri mabhuroko akaomarara nezvikamu zvakapedzwa zvinofanirwa kurongwa zvakarongeka zvichienderana nechikamu uye zvakatsanangurwa, nekukwirira kwemurwi kusingapfuure zvikamu zvitatu. Zvikamu zvematanda zvinofanirwa kushandiswa pakati pezvikamu kudzivirira kusvibiswa kubva mukukweshana. Chinodiwa ichi chinowedzera zvinodiwa zve "kutakura nekuchengetedza" muGB/T 18601-2024, uye pamwe chete zvinoumba hwaro hwekuvimbisa mhando yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa negranite.
6. Pfupiso Yekukosha Kwemaitiro Ekugamuchira
Kuendeswa nekugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvegranite idanho rakakosha mukuona kuti chirongwa chiri chemhando yepamusoro. Senzira yekutanga yekudzivirira mukutonga kwemhando yechirongwa chekuvaka, kuyedza kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kutonga kwakazara kunokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetedzeka kwechirongwa, kushanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi, uye kuwanikwa kwemusika. Nokudaro, hurongwa hwakarongeka hwekusimbisa mhando hunofanira kuvambwa kubva muzvikamu zvitatu zvetekinoroji, kutevedzera mitemo, uye hupfumi.
Danho reUnyanzvi: Kuvimbiswa Kwemhando mbiri kweKunyatsojeka uye Chitarisiko
Chinhu chikuru chehunyanzvi chiri mukuona kuti zvikamu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira nemazvo kuburikidza nekudzora kwakarongeka kwechimiro uye kuyedzwa kwechiratidzo chekushanda. Kudzora chitarisiko kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati mebasa rese, kubva pazvinhu zvisina kurongeka kusvika kune zvakagadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, nzira yekudzora musiyano wemavara ye "sarudzo mbiri dzezvinhu zvisina kurongeka, sarudzo imwe yemidziyo yeplate, uye sarudzo ina dzekuronga maplate uye manhamba" inoiswa, pamwe chete neworkshop yekuronga isina chiedza kuti pave nekuchinja kwechisikigo pakati peruvara nepatani, nokudaro kudzivirira kunonoka kwekuvaka kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwemavara. (Semuenzaniso, purojekiti imwe yakanonoka kwemavhiki anoda kusvika maviri nekuda kwekusakwana kwekutonga musiyano wemavara.) Kuedza mashandiro kunotarisa pane zviratidzo zvemuviri uye kurongeka kwemashini. Semuenzaniso, michina yeBRETON inongogara ichigaya uye ichipukuta inoshandiswa kudzora kutsauka kweflatness kusvika <0.2mm, nepo michina yekucheka bhiriji ye infrared electronic ichivimbisa kutsauka kwehurefu nehupamhi kusvika <0.5mm. Kugadzira nemazvo kunotoda kushivirira kwakasimba kweflatness ye ≤0.02mm/m, inoda kusimbiswa kwakadzama uchishandisa maturusi akasarudzika akadai se gloss metres uye vernier calipers.
Kutevedzera Mutemo: Miganho yeKupinda Mumusika yeStandard Certification
Kutevedzera mitemo kwakakosha kuti chigadzirwa chipinde mumisika yemuno neyekunze kwenyika, zvichida kuti panguva imwe chete zvitevedzerwe zvinodiwa zvemuno pamwe chete nehurongwa hwepasi rose hwezvitupa. Munyika, kutevedzera mitemo yeGB/T 18601-2024 yekusimbisa simba rekudzvanya uye simba rekutenderera kwakakosha. Semuenzaniso, kune zvivakwa zvirefu kana munzvimbo dzinotonhora, kuyedzwa kwakawedzerwa kwekudzivirira chando uye simba resimbi yesimbi kunodiwa. Mumusika wepasi rose, chitupa cheCE chinhu chakakosha pakutumira kunze kwenyika kuEU uye chinoda kupasa bvunzo yeEN 1469. Sisitimu yemhando yepamusoro yeISO 9001 yepasi rose, kuburikidza ne "system yayo yekuongorora katatu" (kuzviongorora wega, kuongorora pamwe chete, uye kuongorora kwakasarudzika) uye kudzora maitiro, inoita kuti pave nekuzvidavirira kwakazara kubva pakutenga zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kusvika pakutumira zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa. Semuenzaniso, Jiaxiang Xulei Stone yakawana mwero we99.8% wekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa uye mwero we98.6% wekubudirira kwevatengi kuburikidza nesystem iyi.
Chikamu Chezvehupfumi: Kuenzanisa Kudzora Mari Nemabhenefiti Enguva Refu
Kukosha kwehupfumi kwemaitiro ekugamuchira kuri mumabhenefiti ayo maviri ekuderedza njodzi kwenguva pfupi uye kugadzirisa mari kwenguva refu. Data rinoratidza kuti mari yekugadzirisa patsva nekuda kwekugamuchirwa kusingagutsi inogona kuita 15% yemari yese yepurojekiti, nepo mari yekugadzirisa inotevera nekuda kwematambudziko akadai sekutsemuka kusingaonekwe uye kuchinja kwemavara inogona kutowedzera. Kusiyana neizvi, kugamuchirwa kwakasimba kunogona kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa inotevera ne30% uye kudzivirira kunonoka kwepurojekiti kunokonzerwa nekukanganisika kwezvinhu. (Semuenzaniso, mune rimwe purojekiti, kutsemuka kunokonzerwa nekugamuchirwa nekusangwarira kwakaita kuti mari yekugadzirisa ipfuure bhajeti rekutanga nemamiriyoni maviri eyuan.) Kambani yezvinhu zvematombo yakawana mwero wekugamuchirwa kwepurojekiti we100% kuburikidza ne "maitiro ekuongorora mhando matanhatu," zvichikonzera mwero wekutengazve kwevatengi we92.3%, zvichiratidza kukanganisa kwakananga kwekutonga kwemhando pamakwikwi emusika.
Nheyo Yekutanga: Maitiro ekugamuchira anofanira kushandisa pfungwa yeISO 9001 yekuti "kuvandudza kunoenderera mberi". Nzira ye "kugamuchira-mhinduro-kuvandudza" inokurudzirwa. Ruzivo rwakakosha senge kudzora musiyano wemavara uye kutsauka kwakadzikama kunofanirwa kuongororwa kota yega yega kuti kuwedzere mwero wekusarudza uye maturusi ekuongorora. Kuongorora chikonzero chepakutanga kunofanirwa kuitwa pakugadzirisa nyaya, uye "Non-Conforming Product Control Specification" inofanira kugadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekuongorora data kota yega yega, imwe kambani yakaderedza mwero wekugamuchirwa kwemaitiro ekukuya nekupukuta kubva pa3.2% kusvika pa0.8%, zvichichengetedza mari inodarika mamiriyoni mashanu eyuan mumari yekugadzirisa yegore negore.
Kuburikidza nekubatana kwehunyanzvi, kutevedzera mitemo, uye hupfumi, kugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvegranite hakusi kungoongorora hunhu hwebasa chete asiwo danho rekusimudzira kuenzana kweindasitiri uye kusimudzira makwikwi emakambani. Kubatanidzwa kwehunhu hwepurojekiti, mukana wemusika, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi zvinongowanikwa chete nekubatanidza maitiro ekugamuchirwa muhurongwa hwese hwekutarisira hunhu hwebasa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-15-2025