Muminda yemichina yekushanda nemazvo, kugadzikana kwegranite kunonyanya kuenderana nekuumbwa kwayo kwezvicherwa, huwandu hwezvinhu, uye zviratidzo zvekushanda (zvakadai sekuwedzera kwekupisa, mwero wekupinza mvura, uye simba rekumanikidza), pane ruvara rwayo pacharwo. Zvisinei, ruvara runowanzo ratidza musiyano uripo mukugadzirwa kwezvicherwa uye mamiriro ekuumbwa kwazvo. Saka, mukushandiswa kwaro, granite yemavara akasiyana inonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakazara. Inotevera ndiyo ongororo chaiyo:
I. Kubatana Kusina Kunanga Pakati Peruvara Nekugadzikana
Ruvara rwegranite runotsanangurwa nekuumbwa kwayo kwezvicherwa, uye kuumbwa kwezvicherwa kunokanganisa zvakananga hunhu hwayo hwepanyama:
Granite ine ruvara rwakajeka (senge grey chena, pink yakajeka)
Kuumbwa kwemaminerari: Zvikurukuru quartz nefeldspar (zvinosvika 60% kusvika 80%), pamwe nechikamu chidiki che mica kana amphibole.
Quartz (ine density ye2.65g/cm³) uye feldspar (ine density ye2.5-2.8g/cm³) dzine kuomarara kwakanyanya, kugadzikana kwakasimba kwemakemikari, uye thermal expansion yakaderera (kazhinji 5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), uye hadzikanganiswi nyore nekuchinja kwetembiricha.
Zvinhu zvemaumbirwo: Zvakagadzirwa munzvimbo yakagadzikana (yakadai sekutonhora zvishoma nezvishoma muchikamu chisina kudzika cheganda rePasi), zvine zvidimbu zvakafanana zvekristaro, chimiro chakasimba, porosity yakaderera (0.3% - 0.7%), mwero wemvura yakaderera (<0.15%), uye kuramba kwakasimba kushanduka.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: Midziyo yekugadzira machipisi emagetsi, mabhesi ezvishandiso zve optical (zvakadai semapuratifomu emuchina we photolithography), ayo anoda kuchengetedza kurongeka kwehukuru kwenguva yakareba.
Granite yakasviba (yakaita dema, girini yakasviba)
Kuumbwa kwemaminerari: Yakapfuma musimbi nemaminerari emagnesium (akadai seamphibole, biotite, pyroxene), uye ine zvishoma zvicherwa zvesimbi zvakaita semagnetite neilmenite.
Amphibole (density 3.0-3.4g/cm³) uye biotite (density 2.7-3.1g/cm³) dzine density yakakwira, asi coefficients dzavo dzekuwedzera kwekupisa dzakakwira zvishoma pane dze quartz (kusvika 8-12×10⁻⁶/℃), uye maumbirwo adzo anogona kuchinja zvishoma nekuda kwekuoxidation yemaminerari ane iron.
Hunhu hwechivakwa: Chinowanzo gadzirwa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakakwira (senge kutonhora nekukurumidza kwe magma yakadzika), ine zvidimbu zve crystalline zvakakora uye musiyano mukuru mukuwanda kwechivakwa. Imwe granite yakasviba (senge Jinan Green) ine chimiro chakafanana uye chakagadzikana nekuda kwekushanda kwakasimba kwe magmatic uye kusunungurwa kwakazara kwekumanikidzwa kwemukati.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: Zvishandiso zvemuchina zvinorema, michina mikuru yekuyera (CMM), iyo inoda kutsungirira mitoro yakakwira uye kuramba kubatwa.
Ii. Zviratidzo Zvikuru zveKugadzikana muMaindasitiri
Pasinei neruvara, zvinodiwa zvikuru zvegranite mumidziyo yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinosanganisira:
Kugadzikana kwekupisa
Isa pakutanga kusarudza mhando dzine thermal expansion yakaderera (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) kudzivirira kutsauka kwechokwadi chemidziyo kunokonzerwa nekuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha. Granite ine ruvara rwakajeka (senge sesame white) ine thermal stability iri nani nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe quartz.
Kuomarara kwechimiro
Granite ine maburi ari pasi pe0.5% uye mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura uri pasi pe0.1% haikurumidzi kunyungudutsa hunyoro kana tsvina uye haingakanganisike kana ikashandiswa kwenguva refu. Zitan Green mugranite yakasviba (ine maburi ari pakati pe0.3%) neShanxi Black mugranite yakareruka (ine maburi ari pakati pe0.2%) inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehuwandu hwakawanda.
Simba remakanika
Simba rekudzvanya rakakura kupfuura 150MPa uye simba rekuchinjika rakakura kupfuura 12MPa, zvichiita kuti michina yekutakura igare yakasimba kwenguva refu. Granite yakasviba (yakadai seIndian black) inowanzova nesimba repamusoro remuchina nekuda kwekuvapo kwesimbi nemaminerari emagnesium uye yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu anorema.
Kudzivirira ngura yemakemikari
Quartz nefeldspar zvinodzivirira zvakanyanya ngura yeacid nealkali. Saka, granite ine ruvara rwakajeka (senge sesame grey) inonyanya kukodzera nharaunda dzine ngura mumaindasitiri emakemikari nesemiconductor.
Iii. Sarudzo Dzakakosha uye Nyaya Mundima Yemaindasitiri
Granite ine ruvara rwakajeka: Sarudzo inosarudzwa yemamiriro ezvinhu akanyatsojeka
Mhando dzinomiririra:
Sesame White: Yakagadzirwa muFujian, ine ruvara rwegrey rakachenuruka, ine quartz inodarika 70%. Coefficient yayo yekuwedzera kwekupisa i6×10⁻⁶/℃. Inoshandiswa mumapuratifomu emuchina we semiconductor lithography uye mumidziyo yekuongorora ndege.
Jinan Green: Gireyi rakasviba, chimiro chakafanana, simba rekudzvanya re240MPa, rinowanzoshandiswa sehwaro hwemichina yekuyera ye coordinate (CMM).
Zvakanakira: Kuenzana kwemavara kwakanaka, zvichiita kuti michina ye optical ikwanise kuyera nzira ye optical; ine kushanduka kudiki kwekupisa uye yakakodzera zvinodiwa pakunyatsojeka kwe nanometer.
Granite nhema: Inoshandiswa pakushandisa zvinhu zvinorema uye zvisingakuvadzi kuputika
Mhando dzinomiririra:
Girazi Dema: Dema muruvara, rine ilmenite, ine huremu hwe3.05g/cm³ uye simba rekumanikidza re280MPa. Inoshandiswa pakugadzira maturusi emuchina ane simba guru uye kugadzira mota.
Nhema yeMongolia: Girini yakasviba, kunyanya amphibole, ine simba rekudzivirira kukuvadzwa, inoshandiswa senzvimbo yemichina yekuchera.
Zvakanakira: Kuwanda kwesimbi, kuomarara kwakasimba, kunokwanisa kunyudza kuzununguka kwemuchina, kwakakodzera nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzine mutoro wakawanda.
China. Mhedziso: Ruvara harusi irwo chinhu chinosarudza; mashandiro ndiwo musimboti
Kugadzikana kweruvara ≠: Granite ine ruvara rwakajeka neruvara rwakasviba ine mhando dzakagadzikana zvikuru. Chinokosha ndechekuchena kwemineral, kufanana kwechimiro, uye zviratidzo zvemuviri.
Nheyo yekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu:
Midziyo yemagetsi/yemagetsi yakanyatsogadzirwa: Sarudza mhando dzine ruvara rwakajeka dzine quartz yakawanda (yakadai sesame white), zvichisimbisa kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kururama kwenzvimbo.
Michina mikuru/zvishandiso zvemuchina zvemaindasitiri: Sarudza mhando dzesimbi dzine magnesium yakawanda (yakadai seJinan blue), zvichiratidza simba remuchina uye kuramba kudonha kwesimba.
Mazano ekutenga: Simbisa ma parameter akadai se coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa, mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura, uye simba rekumanikidzwa kuburikidza nemishumo yekuyedza (yakadai seGB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), pane kutonga neruvara chete.
Mukupedzisa, mumunda wemaindasitiri, kusarudzwa kwegranite kunonyanya kukosha pakushanda uye kunowedzerwa neruvara. Ongororo yakazara inofanira kuitwa pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvemidziyo chaiyo nenzvimbo dzekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-19-2025