Munyaya yekuongorora ma semiconductor, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvepuratifomu yekuedza kunoita basa guru mukururama kwekuyedza uye kugadzikana kwemidziyo. Kana tichienzanisa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvesimbi yakakandwa, granite iri kuva sarudzo yakakodzera yemapuratifomu ekuyedza ma semiconductor nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka.
Kuramba kwakanaka kwengura kunovimbisa kushanda kwakasimba kwenguva refu
Munguva yekuyedzwa kwe semiconductor, ma reagents akasiyana-siyana emakemikari anowanzo shandiswa, akadai se potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution inoshandiswa pakugadzira photoresist, uye zvinhu zvinoparadza zvakanyanya senge hydrofluoric acid (HF) uye nitric acid (HNO₃) mukuita kwe etching. Cast iron inonyanya kuumbwa nezvinhu zvesimbi. Munzvimbo yakadaro yemakemikari, maitiro ekuderedza oxidation anowanzoitika. Maatomu esimbi anorasikirwa nemaerekitironi uye anofambiswa ne displacement reactions nezvinhu zvine acidic mumushonga, zvichikonzera ngura nekukurumidza pamusoro, zvichigadzira ngura nekudzika, uye zvichikuvadza kutwasuka uye kurongeka kwepuratifomu.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuumbwa kwezvicherwa zvegranite kunoita kuti ive nekudzivirira ngura kunoshamisa. Chikamu chayo chikuru, quartz (SiO₂), ine hunhu hwemakemikari hwakagadzikana uye haishande nemaasidhi akajairika uye mabhesi. Zvicherwa zvakaita sefeldspar hazvina simbawo munzvimbo dzemakemikari. Kuedza kwakawanda kwakaratidza kuti munzvimbo imwechete yemakemikari ekuona semiconductor, kudzivirira ngura kwegranite kwakapetwa ka15 kupfuura kwesimbi yakakandwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kushandisa mapuratifomu egranite kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekugadzirisa michina kunokonzerwa nengura, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remuchina, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwekuona kwakarurama.
Kugadzikana kwakanyanya, kuzadzisa zvinodiwa kuti munhu aonekwe nemazinga e nanometer zvakarurama
Kuyedzwa kwe semiconductor kune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kuti puratifomu igare zvakanaka uye kunoda kuyera nemazvo hunhu hwechip pa nanoscale. Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwekushisa kwesimbi yakakandwa kwakakwira, kunenge 10-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Kupisa kunokonzerwa nekushanda kwemidziyo yekuona kana kuchinja kwekupisa kwemhepo kunokonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekupisa uye kudzikira kwepuratifomu yesimbi yakakandwa, zvichikonzera kutsauka kwenzvimbo pakati peprobe yekuona nechip uye zvichikanganisa kurongeka kwekuyera.
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwegranite mukupisa kunongova 0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃, inova chidimbu kana kuti pasi pesimbi yakakandwa. Maumbirwo ayo akaomarara. Kushushikana kwemukati kwakabviswa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekukwegura kwenguva refu uye hakukanganisi zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwekupisa. Pamusoro pezvo, granite ine kuomarara kwakasimba, ine kuomarara kwakapetwa kaviri kusvika katatu kupfuura kwesimbi yakakandwa (yakaenzana neHRC > 51), iyo inogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira kukanganiswa kwekunze uye kudedera uye kuchengetedza kutwasuka uye kutwasuka kwepuratifomu. Semuenzaniso, mukuona chip circuit kwakanyatsojeka, granite platform inogona kudzora kukanganisa kwe flatness mukati me ±0.5μm/m, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti michina yekuona inogona kuwana nanoscale precision detection munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira magineti, hunogadzira nzvimbo yakachena yekuona
Zvikamu zvemagetsi nemasensa ari mumidziyo yekuongorora semiconductor anonyanya kunzwa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Simbi yakakandwa ine mwero wakati wemagnetism. Munzvimbo ine electromagnetic, inogadzira simba remagineti rinokonzereswa, iro rinozokanganisa masaini emagetsi emuchina wekuona, zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo uye data rekuona risingawanzoitiki.
Kune rumwe rutivi, granite ichinhu chinodzivirira magineti uye hachina kuparadzaniswa nemasimba emagineti ekunze. Maerekitironi emukati aripo ari maviri mukati mezvisungo zvemakemikari, uye chimiro chacho chakasimba, hachikanganisirwi nemasimba emagetsi ekunze. Munzvimbo ine simba remagineti ye10mT, simba remagineti rinokonzerwa pamusoro pegranite riri pasi pe0.001mT, nepo riri pamusoro pesimbi yakakandwa riri pamusoro pe8mT. Chinhu ichi chinogonesa granite platform kugadzira nzvimbo yakachena yemagetsi yemidziyo yekuona, kunyanya yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinodiwa zvakasimba zveruzha rwemagetsi senge quantum chip detection uye high-precision analog circuit detection, zvichinyatso simbisa kuvimbika uye kuenderana kwemhedzisiro yekuona.
Mukuvaka mapuratifomu ekuyedza ma semiconductor, granite yadarika zvakanyanya zvinhu zvesimbi zvakakandwa nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo zvakakosha zvakaita sekudzivirira ngura, kugadzikana uye kurwisa magineti. Sezvo tekinoroji ye semiconductor ichifambira mberi pakuita kwakanyatsojeka, granite ichaita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti michina yekuyedza inoshanda uye kusimudzira kufambira mberi kweindasitiri ye semiconductor.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-15-2025