Ndezvipi zvakanakira nzvimbo yekugadzira machira emarble bed casting?
Zvicherwa zvinogadzirwa nevanhu (granite yakagadzirwa nevanhu uye resin concrete) zvave zvichigamuchirwa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvishandiso zvemichina kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu sechinhu chekuvaka.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu, muEurope, chimwe chete pazvishandiso gumi zvemuchina chinoshandisa mineral castings senzira yekudzivirira. Zvisinei, kushandisa ruzivo rusina kukodzera, ruzivo rusina kukwana kana rusina kururama kunogona kukonzera kufungira uye rusarura pamusoro peMineral Castings. Saka, pakugadzira michina mitsva, zvakakosha kuongorora zvakanakira nekuipira kwemineral castings uye kuzvienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu.
Hwaro hwemichina yekuvaka hunowanzo kamurwa kuita simbi yakakandwa, simbi inokandwa (polymer uye/kana resin concrete inogadzirisa), simbi/chimiro chakasungirirwa (grouting/non-grouting) uye dombo rechisikigo (rakaita segranite). Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwacho, uye hapana chinhu chakakwana chekuvaka. Chete nekungoongorora zvakanakira nekuipira kwechinhu ichi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvechivakwa chaicho, ndipo panogona kusarudzwa chinhu chakakodzera chekuvaka.
Mabasa maviri akakosha ezvishandiso zvekuvaka—anovimbisa geometry, nzvimbo uye simba rezvikamu, zvichiteerana zvinopa zvinodiwa pakushanda (static, dynamic uye thermal performance), zvinodiwa pakushanda/kuvaka (kururama, huremu, ukobvu hwemadziro, nyore kweguide rails) pakuisa zvinhu, media circulation system, logistics) uye zvinodiwa pamutengo (mutengo, huwandu, kuwanikwa, hunhu hwesystem).
I. Zvinodiwa pakushanda kwezvinhu zvekuvaka
1. Hunhu husingachinji
Chinodiwa pakuyera hunhu hwechigadziko hunowanzo kuve kuomarara kwechigadzirwa—kushanduka kushoma pasi pemutoro, pane simba rakawanda. Pakushanduka kwesimba kwesimbi, mineral castings inogona kufungwa sezvinhu zvakafanana zve isotropic zvinotevedzera mutemo waHooke.
Kuwanda uye elastic modulus ye mineral castings zvakateerana ndeye 1/3 yesimbi yakakandwa. Sezvo mineral castings ne cast irons zvine kuomarara kwakafanana, pasi pehuremu hwakaenzana, kuomarara kwe simbi castings ne mineral castings kwakafanana pasina kufunga nezve simba rechimiro. Kazhinji, ukobvu hwemadziro e mineral castings anowanzo kuve katatu kupfuura simbi castings, uye dhizaini iyi haizokonzere matambudziko maererano nehunhu hwemuchina hwechigadzirwa kana castings. Mineral castings yakakodzera kushanda munzvimbo dzisingachinjiki dzinotakura kumanikidzwa (semuenzaniso mibhedha, zvitsigiro, makoramu) uye hazvina kukodzera semafuremu matete uye/kana madiki (semuenzaniso matafura, mapallet, maturusi ekuchinja, mangoro, zvitsigiro zve spindle). Huremu hwezvikamu zvechivakwa hunowanzo ganhwa nemidziyo yevagadziri ve mineral castings, uye zvigadzirwa zve mineral castings zvinopfuura matani gumi nemashanu kazhinji hazviwanzoitiki.
2. Hunhu hwesimba
Kumhanya kukuru kwekutenderera uye/kana kukurumidza kwemuchina, ndiko kukosha kwekushanda kwemuchina. Kukurumidza kuisa, kutsiva maturusi nekukurumidza, uye kudyisa nekukurumidza zvinoramba zvichisimbisa kurira kwemuchina uye kufadza zvikamu zvemuchina. Kuwedzera pakugadzirwa kwechikamu, kutsauka, kupararira kwehukuru, uye kuomarara kwechikamu zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwekunyorovesa hwechinhu chacho.
Kushandiswa kwezvicherwa zvinokandwa kunopa mhinduro yakanaka kumatambudziko aya. Nekuti zvinonwisa kubvunda kagumi kupfuura simbi yechinyakare, zvinogona kuderedza zvikuru amplitude uye natural frequency.
Mumabasa ekugadzira akadai sekugadzira, zvinogona kuunza kunyatsojeka kwakanyanya, kunaka kwepamusoro, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvishandiso. Panguva imwe chete, maererano nekukanganiswa kweruzha, kuumbwa kwezvicherwa kwakashandawo zvakanaka kuburikidza nekuenzanisa nekusimbisa mabhesi, kuumbwa kwekutumira uye zvishongedzo zvezvinhu zvakasiyana zveinjini huru nema centrifuges. Zvichienderana nekuongorora kweruzha rwekukanganiswa, kuumbwa kwezvicherwa kunogona kuderedza kumanikidzwa kweruzha ne20%.
3. Hunhu hwekupisa
Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti inenge 80% yekutsauka kwezvishandiso zvemuchina kunokonzerwa nekupisa. Kukanganiswa kwemaitiro akadai sekupisa kwemukati kana kwekunze, kupisa kwepamberi, kuchinja maworkpiece, nezvimwewo zvese ndizvo zvinokonzera kuchinja kwekupisa. Kuti ukwanise kusarudza chinhu chakanakisa, zvakakosha kujekesa zvinodiwa nezvinhu. Kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwekupisa kunoita kuti mamineral castings ave nekupisa kwakanaka kune tembiricha yenguva pfupi (senge kuchinja maworkpiece) uye kuchinja kwetembiricha yekunze. Kana kupisa kwepamberi nekukurumidza kuchidikanwa semubhedha wesimbi kana tembiricha yemubhedha ichirambidzwa, michina yekudziyisa kana yekutonhodza inogona kukandwa zvakananga mu mineral castings kudzora tembiricha. Kushandisa rudzi urwu rwemudziyo wekugadzirisa tembiricha kunogona kuderedza kuchinja kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwetembiricha, izvo zvinobatsira kuvandudza kururama nemutengo unonzwisisika.
II. Zvinodiwa pakushanda uye pakuvaka
Kusimbaradza chinhu chinosiyanisa zvicherwa zvemaminerari nezvimwe zvinhu. Tembiricha yepamusoro yekukanda zvicherwa ndeye 45°C, uye pamwe chete nemaforoma nematurusi akanyatsogadzirwa, zvikamu nezvicherwa zvemaminerari zvinogona kuumbwa pamwe chete.
Maitiro epamusoro ekugadzirazve anogona kushandiswawo pazvimedu zvekugadzira zvicherwa, zvichikonzera kuiswa kwakanyatsonaka uye nzvimbo dzesimbi dzisingade machining. Kufanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvepasi, kugadzira zvicherwa kunoenderana nemitemo chaiyo yekugadzira chimiro. Ukobvu hwemadziro, zvishongedzo zvinotakura mutoro, zvinoisa mbabvu, nzira dzekurodha nekuburitsa zvese zvakasiyana nezvimwe zvinhu kusvika pamwero wakati, uye zvinoda kufungwa nezvazvo pachine nguva panguva yekugadzira.
III. Zvinodiwa pamutengo
Kunyange zvazvo zvichikosha kufunga nezvenyaya yehunyanzvi, kushanda zvakanaka kwemari kuri kuwedzera kuratidza kukosha kwayo. Kushandisa michina yekukanda zvicherwa kunobvumira mainjiniya kuchengetedza mari yakawanda yekugadzira nekushandisa. Pamusoro pekuchengetedza mari yekugadzira, kugadzira, kugadzira kwekupedzisira, uye kuwedzera mari yekufambisa (kuchengetera zvinhu nekutakura) zvese zvinoderedzwa zvinoenderana. Tichifunga nezvebasa repamusoro rekugadzira zvicherwa, zvinofanira kuonekwa seprojekiti yese. Kutaura zvazviri, zvine musoro kuenzanisa mutengo kana hwaro hwaiswa kana hwatoiswa. Mutengo wekutanga wakakwira mutengo wezvicherwa zvekukanda zvicherwa nemidziyo, asi mutengo uyu unogona kudzikiswa nekushandiswa kwenguva refu (500-1000 zvidimbu/simbi yekukanda), uye kushandiswa kwegore negore kunenge zvidimbu gumi kusvika gumi nezvishanu.
IV. Mashandisirwo azvo
Sezvinhu zvekuvaka, mamineral castings ari kugara achitsiva zvinhu zvechinyakare zvekuvaka, uye kiyi yekukura kwayo nekukurumidza iri mukugadzira mamineral, mamolds, uye stable bonding structures. Parizvino, mamineral castings ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda yemidziyo yemuchina yakadai semichina yekukuya uye michina inokurumidza. Vagadziri vemichina yekukuya vanga vari mavambo muchikamu chezvishandiso zvemuchina vachishandisa mamineral castings emibhedha yemichina. Semuenzaniso, makambani ane mukurumbira pasi rose akadai seABA z&b, Bahmler, Jung, Mikrosa, Schaudt, Stude, nezvimwewo agara achibatsirwa ne damping, thermal inertia uye integrity ye mineral castings kuti awane kunyatsojeka uye kunaka kwepamusoro penzira yekukuya.
Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwesimba remagetsi, michina yekugaya zvicherwa iri kufarirwawo nemakambani anotungamira pasi rose mukugadzira maturusi. Mubhedha wekugaya zvicherwa une kusimba kwakanyanya uye unogona kubvisa simba rinokonzerwa nekukurumidzira kwemota yemagetsi. Panguva imwe chete, musanganiswa weorganic wekushanda kwakanaka kwekugaya zvicherwa uye mota yemagetsi inogona kuvandudza zvikuru kunaka kwenzvimbo yebasa uye hupenyu hwebasa revhiri rekugaya.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-18-2022