Mumidziyo yekudzora nhamba yeCNC, kunyangwe hunhu hwegranite huchipa hwaro hwekugadzirisa nemazvo, zvikanganiso zvayo zvinogona kunge zvine mhedzisiro yakawanda pakururama kwekugadzirisa, izvo zvinoratidzwa zvakananga seinotevera:
1. Zvikanganiso pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa nekuomarara kwezvinhu
Kuoma kwegranite (simba rekudzvanya rakawanda asi simba rekudzvanya rakaderera, kazhinji simba rekudzvanya rinongova 1/10 kusvika 1/20 chete yesimba rekudzvanya) kunoita kuti ive nematambudziko akadai sekutsemuka kwemucheto uye kutsemuka kwepasi panguva yekugadzirisa.
Zvikanganiso zve microscopic zvinokanganisa kutamiswa kwakarurama: Pakuita kukuya kana kugaya nemazvo, tumaburi tudiki panzvimbo dzekubata zvishandiso zvinogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzisina kurongeka, zvichiita kuti zvikanganiso zvekutwasuka kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sema guide rails nema worktables zvikure (semuenzaniso, kutwasuka kunoderera kubva pa ±1μm/m kusvika ±3~5μm/m). Zvikanganiso izvi zve microscopic zvichaendeswa zvakananga kuzvikamu zvakagadziriswa, kunyanya muzviitiko zvekugadzirisa zvakaita se precision optical components uye semiconductor wafer carriers, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwekuoma kwenzvimbo yebasa (Ra value inowedzera kubva pa 0.1μm kusvika pamusoro pe 0.5μm), zvichikanganisa mashandiro e optical kana mashandiro emudziyo.
Njodzi yekutyoka kamwe kamwe mukugadzirisa kwakasimba: Muzviitiko zvekucheka nekukurumidza (senge kumhanya kwespindle > 15,000 r/min) kana mwero wekudya > 20m/min, zvikamu zvegranite zvinogona kusangana nekupwanyika kwenzvimbo nekuda kwemasimba ekurovera ipapo ipapo. Semuenzaniso, kana jira rekutungamira richichinja nzira nekukurumidza, kupwanyika kwemucheto kunogona kukonzera kuti nzira yekufamba ibve munzira yedzidziso, zvichikonzera kudzikira kamwe kamwe mukurongeka kwenzvimbo (kukanganisa kwenzvimbo kunowedzera kubva pa ± 2μm kusvika kupfuura ± 10μm), uye zvichitotungamira mukudonha kwezvishandiso uye kupwanywa.
Chechipiri, kurasikirwa kwekururama kunokonzerwa nekusawirirana pakati pehuremu nekuomarara
Hunhu hwegranite hwakanyanya (hune huwandu hwe2.6 kusvika 3.0g/cm³) hunogona kudzvinyirira kudedera, asi hunounzawo matambudziko anotevera:
Simba risingashande rinokonzeresa kunonoka kwemhinduro yeservo: Simba risingashande rinogadzirwa nemibhedha yegranite inorema (senge mibhedha mikuru yemuchina wegantry inogona kurema matani makumi) panguva yekumhanyisa uye kuderera kwesimba rinomanikidza mota yeservo kuti ibudise torque yakakura, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekutadza kwekutevera nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, mumasisitimu ekumhanya kwakanyanya anofambiswa nemamota akatsetseka, pakuwedzera kwehuremu kwega kwega kwe10%, kurongeka kwenzvimbo kunogona kudzikira ne5% kusvika 8%. Kunyanya muzviitiko zvekugadzirisa nanoscale, kunonoka uku kunogona kutungamira kuzvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa contour (senge kukanganiswa kweroundness kunowedzera kubva pa50nm kusvika 200nm panguva yekushandura kwakatenderera).
Kusasimba kwakakwana kunokonzera kudedera kushoma: Kunyangwe granite iine damping yakanyanya, elastic modulus yayo (inenge 60 kusvika 120GPa) yakaderera pane yesimbi yakakandwa. Kana ikaitwa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (sekuchinja-chinja kwesimba rekucheka panguva yekugadzirisa multi-axis linkage), micro-deformation inogona kuunganidzwa. Semuenzaniso, muchikamu che swing head che five-axis machining centre, deformation diki ye granite base inogona kukonzera angular positioning accuracy ye rotation axis kuti ifambe (sekukanganisa kwe indexing kuri kuwedzera kubva ±5" kusvika ±15"), zvichikanganisa machining accuracy ye complex curved surfaces.
III. Kuganhurirwa kweKugadzikana kweThermal uye Kusawirirana kwezvakatipoteredza
Kunyangwe chiyero chekuwedzera kwekupisa kwegranite (inenge 5 kusvika 9×10⁻⁶/℃) chakaderera pane chesimbi yakakandwa, chinogona kukonzera zvikanganiso mukugadzirisa nemazvo:
Kuchinja kwekushisa kunokonzera kuchinja kwechimiro: Kana michina ikashanda kwenguva yakareba, zvinhu zvinopisa zvakaita semain shaft motor uye guide rail lubrication system zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja kwekushisa muzvikamu zvegranite. Semuenzaniso, kana musiyano wekupisa uri pakati penzvimbo dzepamusoro nedzepasi dzetafura yebasa uri 2℃, zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja kwepakati pe convex kana pakati pe concave (kuchinja kunogona kusvika 10 kusvika 20μm), zvichikonzera kutadza kugadzikana kwe workpiece clamping uye kukanganisa kurongeka kwekugaya kana kukuya (sekushivirira ukobvu hwezvikamu zve flat plate zvinopfuura ±5μm kusvika ±20μm).
Hunyoro hwenzvimbo hunokonzera kukura kudiki: Kunyangwe mwero wekunwa mvura wegranite (0.1% kusvika 0.5%) wakaderera, kana ukashandiswa kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakawanda, huwandu hushoma hwekunwa mvura hunogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwelattice, izvo zvinozokonzera shanduko mukukwana kwegwara rekutungamira. Semuenzaniso, kana hunyoro hwakwira kubva pa40% RH kusvika pa70% RH, chiyero chemutsara chegwara rekutungamira regranite chinogona kuwedzera ne0.005 kusvika 0.01mm/m, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekutsetseka kwekufamba kwegwara rekutungamira rinotsvedza uye kuitika kwechiitiko che "kukambaira", icho chinokanganisa kurongeka kwe micron-level feed.
Iv. Migumisiro Yakawanda Yekugadzirisa Nekukanganisa Kwekugadzira
Kuoma kwekugadzira granite kwakanyanya (zvinoda maturusi chaiwo edhaimani, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira ihafu chete yezvikamu zvitatu kusvika hafu yezvinhu zvesimbi), izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekururama kwekugadzira:
Kutapurirana kwezvikanganiso pakugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekusangana: Kana paine kutsauka pakugadzirisa (senge kutsetseka > 5μm, kukanganisa kwenzvimbo dzemaburi > 10μm) muzvikamu zvakakosha senge nzvimbo yekuisa nhungamiro uye maburi ekutsigira screw lead, zvichakonzera kukanganiswa kwenzira yekutungamira mushure mekuiswa, kusakwana kwe screw yebhora, uye pakupedzisira zvichikonzera kuora kwekufamba kwakarurama. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekugadzirisa three-axis linkage, kukanganisa kwe verticality kunokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwenzira yekutungamira kunogona kuwedzera kukanganisa kwe diagonal length ye cube kubva ± 10μm kusvika ± 50μm.
Musiyano wepakati pechimiro chakasanganiswa: Zvikamu zvegranite zvemidziyo mikuru zvinowanzoshandisa matekiniki ekusanganisa (senge kusanganisa mubhedha wezvikamu zvakawanda). Kana paine zvikanganiso zvidiki zvekona (> 10") kana kuomarara kwenzvimbo > Ra0.8μm pamusoro pekusanganisa, kushushikana kana mipata zvinogona kuitika mushure mekubatanidzwa. Pasi pemutoro wenguva refu, zvinogona kutungamira mukudzikama kwechimiro uye kukonzera kutenderera kwekururama (sekudzikira kwe2 kusvika 5μm mukurongeka kwekuronga nzvimbo gore rega rega).
Pfupiso uye kurudziro dzekugadzirisa matambudziko
Zvakaipa zvegranite zvine chekuita nekururama kwemidziyo yeCNC, uye zvinoda kugadziriswa nenzira dzakarongwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai sekugadzirisa zvinhu (senge resin impregnation kuti iwedzere kuoma), kugadzirisa chimiro (senge simbi-granite composite frames), tekinoroji yekudzora kupisa (senge microchannel water cooling), uye dynamic compensation (senge real-time calibration ne laser interferometer). Mubasa rekugadzirisa nanoscale precision, zvinonyanya kukosha kuita full-chain control kubva pakusarudza zvinhu, processing technology kusvika kune system yese yemuchina kuti uwane zvizere mabhenefiti ekushanda kwegranite uku uchidzivirira zvikanganiso zvayo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-24-2025