Chii chinonzi kuronga muchina kuyera?

Akuronga kuyera muchina. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvakarukwa dzinoshandiswa mumasendimita, kusanganisira michina, Optical, laser, uye chena mwenje. Zvichienderana nemuchina, iyo probe chinzvimbo inogona kudzorwa nemushandi kana inogona kunge iri komputa inodzorwa. CMMS vanowanzo taura nzvimbo yePRBE maererano nekwavo kubva kune iyo nzvimbo yekunongedzerwa kubva kune matatu-dimensional carsian carsian kuronga system (kureva, ne xyz axes). Pamusoro pekufambisa iyo probe padivi pe x, y, uye z axes, mashoni akawanda zvakare bvumira iyo denda yekudzorwa kuti isabvumirwe kuyerwa kwezvinhu zvaizoitika zvisingagoneke.

Takajairika 3D "Bridge" cmm inobvumira probe kufamba pamwe nematatu maAxes, x, y uye z, iri denthogonal kune imwe neimwe mune matatu-matatu carsian carsian carsian system. Imwe neimwe axis ine sensor iyo inotarisa chinzvimbo cheiyo probe pane iyo axis, kazhinji ine micrometer chaiyo. Kana iyo proble mafambisirwo (kana kuti zvimwe anoona) imwe nzvimbo pane chinhu, iyo samples inomira sensors, nekudaro inoyera nzvimbo yeimwe nzvimbo pachinhu, pamwe neye3-dimensional velation yechiyero chakatorwa. Kuita uku kunodzokororwa sezvakakosha, kufambisa iyo probe nguva imwe neimwe, kuburitsa "nzvimbo" iyo inotsanangura nzvimbo dzekufarira.

Iko kushandiswa kwakajairika kwe cmms kuri muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa uye magungano kuti uedze chikamu kana musangano uchirwisa chigadzirwa chinangwa. Mukushandisa kwakadaro, mamiriro ekunze anogadzirwa ayo anoongororwa kuburikidza nekudzorerwa algorithms yekuvakwa kwezvinhu. Idzi pfungwa dzinounganidzwa nekushandisa probe iyo yakamiswa pamurume neanoshanda kana otomatiki kuburikidza neakananga kuComputer Control (DCC). DCC makomendi anogona kuve akarongwa kuti arambe achiyera zvikamu zvakafanana; Nekudaro automated cmmm fomu yakasarudzika yemuindasitiri robhoti.

Zvikamu

Kuenzanisa-Kuyera Machina kunosanganisira matatu makuru zvikamu:

• Chimiro chikuru chinosanganisira matatu majasi ekufamba. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kuvaka iyo fara inofamba yakasiyana mumakore. Granite uye simbi yaishandiswa mukutanga CMM's. Nhasi mese makuru eCmm Vagadziri vanovaka mapuranga kubva kuAluminium Alloy kana vamwe vanobva uye vanoshandisawo ceramic kuti vawedzere kuomarara kweZ axis yekuongorora mashandisiro ekuongorora. Vashoma CRVERSHURE nhasi vachiri kugadzirwa granite furemu nekuda kwemusika zvinodiwa kuti vadzivirirwe metrology metrologices uye kuwedzera maitiro ekuisa cmm kunze kweiyo mhando yerudzi rwemhando. Kazhinji chete Loss Vhoriyamu Commers Vabati veChina neIndia vachiri kugadzira Granite Cranite Commal Tekinoroji nzira uye nyore kupinda kuti vave CMM famme muvaki. Maitiro ekuwedzera anowedzera anodawo kuongorora zvakare cmm z axis kuve stiffer uye zvinhu zvitsva zvakavezwa senge cramic uye silicon carbide.
• Kufema system
• Dhata yekuunganidza uye kuderedza system - kazhinji inosanganisira muchina wekutora, desktop computer uye software yekushandisa.

Kuwanika

Iyi michina inogona kuve yakasununguka-yakamira, yakatakurika uye inotakurika.

Kunyatso

Iko kurongeka kweanorongedza kuyerwa michina anowanzo kupihwa sechinhu chisina chokwadi sechinhu chiri kure. Kune CMM uchishandisa yekubata probe, izvi zvine chekuita nekudzokorora kweiyo probe uye kunyatsojeka kweiyo mutsara pachiyero. Chaizvoizvo probe kudzokorora kunogona kuguma nezviyero zvemukati .001mm kana .00005 inch (hafu yegumi) pamusoro peyero yehuwandu hwese. Kwa 3, 3 + 2, uye 5 Axis michina, probubles inowanzoitika ichishandisa zviyero zvinoteedzera uye kufamba kwemuchina kusimbiswa uchishandisa Gauges kuti ive nechokwadi chekurongeka.

Zvikamu Zvakananga

Muchina muviri

C.mm yekutanga yakagadzirwa neCerranti Company yeScotland muma1950s semhedzisiro yekuda kuyera zvikamu zvezvikamu zvehondo, kunyangwe muchina uyu wakangotanga 2 demo. Mitezo yekutanga ye3-axis yakatanga kuoneka muma1960s (DEA yeItari) uye computer contract Comms .

Mumachina emazuva ano, iyo gantry-mhando mashura ane makumbo maviri uye anowanzodaidzwa kunzi bhiriji. Izvi zvinofamba zvakasununguka pamwe neTafura yeGranite negumbo rimwe (kazhinji inotaurwa segumbo remukati) zvichitevera njanji yedanho rakabatanidzwa kune rimwe divi rerutivi rwetafura yevafura. Gumbo rakatarisana (kazhinji kunze kwegumbo) rinongozorora patafura yeGranite ichitevera iyo yakatwasuka yemusoro contour. Air fani ndiyo nzira yakasarudzwa yekuita seyakafinha yemahara kufamba. Mune izvi, mweya wakamanikidzwa uchimanikidzwa kuburikidza neyekutevedzana madiki maburi mufurati hwekubereka Kufamba kweiyo bhiriji kana gantry pamwe chete neTafura yeGranite inoumba imwe axis ye xy ndege. Bhiriji reGantry rine ngoro iyo inofamba pakati pemukati uye kunze kwemakumbo uye inoumba imwe X kana y yakatwasuka axis. Iyo yechitatu axis yekufamba (z axis) inopiwa nekuwedzera kweiyo quilcal quill kana spindle inokwira kumusoro uye pasi nepakati pegwenzi. Iyo yekubata probe inoumba iyo yekunzwa mudziyo pakupera kweiyo quill. Kufamba kwe x, y uye z axes zvinonyatsotsanangura envelopu yekuyera. Inesarudzo dzinosarudzwa dzimba dzematafura dzinogona kushandiswa kusimudzira munhu anokwanisa kugovera Probe kune akaomesesa basa. Tafura inotenderera senge yechina drive axis haisimudzi zviyero zvekuyera, izvo zvinoramba zviripo 3d, asi zvinopa degree rekuchinja. Vamwe vanobata probes ivo pachavo vakagadziriswa midziyo yekutenderera neiyo probe tip inokwanisa kusvetukira mumashure madhigirii anosvika 180 uye kuburikidza nehurefu hwakazara 360 degree degree.

CMMS ikozvino zviripo zvakare mune dzakasiyana siyana mamwe mafomu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Cmm maoko anoshandisa maGms zviyero zvakatorwa kumajoini yeruoko kuti uverenge chinzvimbo che stylus tip, uye inogona kuve yakabatirwa ne probes yekufungidzira uye yekufungidzira. AMARM ASTMM zvinowanzoshandiswa apo portuzhinji yavo inobatsira pamubhedha wetsika makomputa- nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakayera zvakare, uye software yakayerwa zvakare inoyera izere, uye chikamu chakakomberedzwa kuti chiyerwe panguva yekuyera. Nekuti CMM zvombo zvinotevedzera kuchinjika kweruoko runhu vanowanzogona zvakare kusvika pamisimboti yezvikamu zvakaoma izvo zvisingagone kuripirwa uchishandisa chiyero chemutanhatu axis.

Mechancal Probe

Mumazuva ekutanga ekurongedza kuyerwa (CMM), michina yemuchina yakavezwa mune inokosha inobata pamugumo wekuguma kweiyo quill. Iyo yakajairika probe yakaitwa nekutengesa bhora rakaoma kusvika kumagumo eshaft. Izvi zvaive zvakanakira kuyera huwandu hwese hwehukuru hwechiso, cylindrical kana spansirical nzvimbo. Vamwe probes yaive pasi kusvika maumbirwo chaiwo, semuenzaniso quadrant, kuita kuenzanisa kwezvinhu zvakakosha. Iyi probes yakaramba ichibatwa neyekuchengeterwa basa nechinzvimbo chiri muCocial kuverenga kubva ku3-axis Digital kuverenga (ded) Zviyero zvinotorwa nenzira iyi kazhinji kazhinji zvaisazovimbika semachina akaendeswa neruoko nemushini wega wega akashandisa mari dzakasiyana pane probe kana kutorwa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuyerwa.

Kuwedzera kukura kwaive kuwedzera kwevatori vezvivakwa zvekutyaira imwe neimwe axis. Vashandisi havachafanira kubata muchina wenhau asi vanogona kutyaira axis imwe neimwe vanoshandisa bhokisi remubhokisi rine mufaro nenzira yakafanana neyenguva yemazuva ano yakadzorwa. Kuyera kunyatsojeka uye kunyatsojeka kwakavandudzwa zvinoshamisa nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kubata kwechiitiko chinokonzeresa probe. Piyona weiyi itsva probe mudziyo yaive David McMurtry vakazotaurwa kuti vaumbe izvozvi plisw plc. Kunyangwe achiri mudziyo wekunyepedzera, probe yaive neyechirimo-yakatakura simbi bhora (gare gare ruby ​​bhora) stylus. Sezvo probe yakabata pasi pechikamu icho stylus yakatsanangurwa uye panguva imwe chete yakatumira iyo X, y, z kuronga ruzivo kune komputa. Kuyerwa zvikanganiso kunokonzerwa nevashandisi vega kwakava vashoma uye nhanho yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kweCNC mashandiro eCNC uye kuuya kwezera re cmms.

Zvishongedzo zvezvipfeko ndezve lens-CCD-masisitimu, iyo inofambiswa sedanho rezvemakaniki, uye dzinoitirwa padanho rekufarira, pane kubata izvo zvinyorwa. Mufananidzo wakabatwa wemusoro uchavharwa mumiganhu yewindo rekuyera, kusvikira iyo yakasara yakakwana kusiyanisa pakati pevatema nenhema. Iyo yekukamuranisa curve inogona kuverengerwa kusvika padanho, iyo ndiyo yaida kuyerwa nzvimbo munzvimbo. Ruzivo rwakatwasuka pane CCD iri 2D (XY) uye nzvimbo yakatwasuka ndiyo nzvimbo yeiyo yakazara yekuita system yeZ-drive (kana chimwe chinhu chishandiso).

Scanning Probe Systems

Kune mwero matsva ayo ane probes ayo anokwevera pasi pechikamu chekutora mapoinzi pane zvakataurwa panguva yakatarwa, inozivikanwa seyakaongorora. Iyi nzira yeCMM yekuongorora inowanzo kuve yakaringana pane iyo mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzobata-probe uye nguva zhinji nekukurumidza.

Chizvarwa chinotevera chekuongorora, chinozivikanwa seisingaonekwe scanning, iyo inosanganisira yakakwira kumhanya Laser single pourniy, uye chena mutsara wekutarisa, uri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza. Iyi nzira inoshandisa chero laser matanda kana chena mwenje unoratidzwa pamusoro pechikamu. Zviuru zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zvinogona kutorwa uye kushandiswa kwete kungoongorora saizi uye chinzvimbo, asi kugadzira iyo 3D mufananidzo wechikamu zvakare. Iyi "point-gore data" inogona kuendeswa kuCAD software kuti igadzire inoshanda 3D modhi chikamu. Aya mataurire anowanzo shandiswa anowanzoshandiswa pane zvakapfava kana akaomesesa zvikamu kana kufambisa reverse engineering.

Micrometrology prabes

Kutsvaga masisitimu eMicroscale Metrology Zvikumbiro ndeimwe nzvimbo inobuda. Kune akati wandei kutengeserana kurongedza michina michina Kunyangwe aya michina yakanaka uye mune zvakawanda zviitiko zvakanaka metrology ane zviyero zveNanometric zviyero, kugumira kwavo kwekutanga chinhu chakavimbika, kusimba, kurova micro / nano combe.^{[Cation inodiwa]}Zvinonetsa zveMicroscale Kukurudzira Tekinoroji kunosanganisira kudiwa kwechinhu chakakwirira chechiitiko ichipa kugona kuwana, zvakamanikana mauto ekusanzwisisa kuti usagumbuke uye nekukasira (Nanometer level).^{[Cation inodiwa]}Kuwedzera microscale probes inokanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu epakatirenda akadai sekunyanyisa uye kuwirirana kwakadai sedhondi (kunokonzerwa neaniscus, uye / kana / / / kana / kana van der masimba emamwe mauto pakati pevamwe).^{[Cation inodiwa]}

Technologies kuti uwane microscale inoburitsa inosanganisira yakasunganidzwa pasi vhezheni yeClassical CMM probes, procucums probes, uye chimedu chakamira probe pakati pevamwe. Nekudaro, zviripo zvemashoko ezvinyorwa hazvigone kuve zvidiki zvakaringana kuyera zvakadzika, zvakatetepa chimiro, uye resical resolution inogumira nemazwi echiedza. X-Ray fananidzo inopa mufananidzo wechinhu asi hapana anoteedzera metrology metrology ruzivo.

Nheyo dzenyama

Optical probes uye / kana laser presbes inogona kushandiswa Fringe Projection Systems, Theodocite Tripenylation Systems kana Laser ari kure uye traniy Systems hadziongorore kunzi michina, asi mhedzisiro yekuyera yakafanana: nzvimbo yekuyera. Laser presbes anoshandiswa kuona chinhambwe pakati pechiso uye chirevo chekupera kweinematic keteni (kureva: kupera kweZ-driver chikamu). Izvi zvinogona kushandisa basa rekudyidzana, kutarisisa kusiyana-siyana, kujekesa kana nhungamiro yemumvuri.

Inotakurika kuronga-yekuyera michina

Ipo macmms cmms anoshandisa procbe anofamba pane matatu carsian axes kuti ayedze maitiro emuviri, mune zvematongerwo enyika anoshandisa nzira dzekunze dzinotarisa uye dzinogonesa rusununguko rwakazara rwekufamba.

Zvinotakurika magirazi nemaoko akarongeka ane matanhatu kana manomwe mademo idzo dzakashongedzwa noncoder Zvinotakurika maoko zvakareruka (kazhinji zvisingasviki makumi maviri emapaunzi) uye zvinogona kutakurwa uye kushandiswa kunenge chero kupi zvako. Nekudaro, masendimita emamiriro ekunze ari kuwedzera kushandiswa muindasitiri. Yakagadzirwa ne compact mutsara

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvisina kujairika seanosimudzira engineering, nekukurumidza prototingping, uye yakakura-kuongororwa kwezvikamu zveese saizi dzakakodzera cmms inotakurika. Zvakanakira zvevatakuri ma cmms zviri multifold. Vashandisi vane iyo shanduko mukutora matatu zviyero zvemhando dzese dzezvikamu uye munzvimbo dziri kure / dzakaoma. Ivo vari nyore kushandisa uye havadi nzvimbo inodzorwa kuti vatore zviyero zvakaringana. Uyezve, ma cmms anotakurika anowanzoita zvishoma pane zvetsika cmms.

Iyo yekuzvishandira yekutengeserana-offs ye comms inotakurika macmms ishandidzo yekuvhiya (vanogara vachida munhu kuti avashandise). Uye zvakare, kurongeka kwavo kwakazara kunogona kuve kwakasarudzika pane iyo yebhiriji mhando CMM uye haina kunyatsoenderana nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.

Mishinari yemizhinji-yekuyera

Chando Cmm tekinoroji ichishandisa zvinobata probes nhasi kazhinji yaiwanzobatanidzwa nedzimwe tekinoroji. Izvi zvinosanganisira laser, vhidhiyo kana chena mwenje sensors kuti ipe izvo zvinozivikanwa sechiyero chemuzhinji.