Nhau - Chii chinonzi granites?

Chii chinonzi granites?

Granitendiro dombo rinonyanya kupindirwa muEarth's continental crust, Rinozivikanwa sedombo rine manyawi, chena, grey, uye dema rekushongedza.Iyo yakakora kusvika pakati-zviyo.Zvicherwa zvaro zvitatu zvikuru feldspar, quartz, uye mica, izvo zvinoitika se silvery muscovite kana rima biotite kana zvese zviri zviviri.Pakati pezvicherwa izvi, feldspar inotungamira, uye quartz inowanzoita zvinopfuura gumi muzana.Iyo alkali feldspars inowanzova pink, zvichiita kuti pink granite inowanzoshandiswa sebwe rekushongedza.Granite inopenya kubva kune silica-rich magmas ari mamaira akadzika pasi pePasi.Mazhinji mamineral deposits anoumba padhuze nekristaro mitumbi yegranite kubva kune hydrothermal mhinduro inoburitswa nemitumbi yakadai.

Classification

Muchikamu chepamusoro cheQAPF kupatsanurwa kweplutonic matombo (Streckeisen, 1976), munda wegranite unotsanangurwa ne modal kuumbwa kwe quartz (Q 20 - 60 %) uye P / (P + A) chiyero pakati pe10 ne65. munda wegranite unosanganisira madiki-minda maviri: syenogranite uye monzogranite.Matombo chete anobuda mukati me syenogranite anoonekwa semagranite mumabhuku eAnglo-Saxon.Muzvinyorwa zveEurope, matombo anobuda mukati meesenogranite uye monzogranite anonzi magranite.Iyo monzogranite sub-munda yaive neadamelite uye quartz monzonite muzvikamu zvekare.The Subcommission for Rock Cassification inokurudzira nguva ichangopfuura kuramba izwi rokuti adamelite uye kutumidza se quartz monzonite chete matombo ari mukati me quartz monzonite field sensu stricto.

Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari

Avhareji yepasi rose yemakemikari anoumbwa negranite, nekurema muzana,

zvichibva pa2485 ongororo:

SiO2 72.04% (silika)
Al2O3 14.42% (aluminium)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Iyo inogara iine zvicherwa zvequartz uye feldspar, ine kana isina akasiyana-siyana emamwe mamineral (accessory minerals).Iyo quartz nefeldspar zvinowanzopa granite ruvara rwakareruka, kubva papingish kusvika kuchena.Iro ruvara rwekumashure rwakareruka rwunomisikidzwa nemamineral akasviba ekuwedzera.Saka classic granite ine "munyu-uye mhiripiri" kutarisa.Maminerari anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye black mica biotite uye black amphibole hornblende.Anenge ose matombo aya ane igneous (yakasimbiswa kubva magma) uye plutonic (yakaita izvi muhombe, yakavigwa zvakadzika muviri kana pluton).Kurongeka kwakarongeka kwezviyo mugranite - kushaikwa kwejira - humbowo hwekwakabva plutonic.Dombo rine maumbirwo akafanana segranite rinogona kuumba kuburikidza nekureba uye kwakasimba metamorphism ye sedimentary matombo.Asi rudzi irworwo rwedombo rine jira rakasimba uye rinowanzonzi granite gneiss.

Density + Melting Point

Avhareji density yayo iri pakati pe2.65 ne2.75 g/cm3, simba rayo rekudzvanya rinowanzogara pamusoro pe200 MPa, uye viscosity yaro pedyo neSTP i3–6 • 1019 Pa·s.Kunyunguduka tembiricha iri 1215–1260 °C.Iyo ine hurombo hwekutanga permeability asi yakasimba yechipiri permeability.

Kuitika kwedombo reGranite

Inowanikwa mumaplutons makuru kumakondinendi, munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya.Izvi zvine musoro, nekuti giraniti inofanirwa kusimba zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo dzakavigwa zvakadzika kuti iite hombe yemaminerari zviyo.Plutons idiki pane 100 square kilometers munzvimbo inonzi stocks, uye yakakura inonzi batholiths.Mabota anoputika nePasi rose, asi bota rine musanganiswa wakafanana negiraniti (rhyolite) rinoputika chete kumakondinendi.Izvi zvinoreva kuti granite inofanira kuumbwa nekunyunguduka kwematombo ekondinendi.Izvozvo zvinoitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri: kuwedzera kupisa uye kuwedzera volatiles (mvura kana carbon dioxide kana zvose).Makondinendi ari kupisa zvishoma nekuti ane uranium nepotassium yakawanda yepasi, izvo zvinopisa zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nekuora kwemwaranzi.Kwese uko goko rakakora rinoita kupisa mukati (semuenzaniso muTibetan Plateau).Uye maitiro eplate tectonics, kunyanya kuderedzwa, anogona kukonzera basaltic magmas kusimuka pasi pemakondinendi.Pamusoro pekupisa, magmas aya anoburitsa CO2 nemvura, iyo inobatsira matombo emarudzi ese kunyunguduka pakudziya kwakadzika.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hukuru hwebasaltic magma hunogona kunamwa pasi pekondinendi nenzira inonzi underplating.Nekunonoka kusunungurwa kwekupisa uye mvura kubva kune iyo basalt, yakawanda yekondinendi crust inogona kutendeukira kugranite panguva imwe chete.

Inowanikwa kupi?

Kusvika pari zvino, inozivikanwa kuti inowanikwa paNyika chete yakawanda mumakondinendi ese sechikamu checontinental crust.Iri dombo rinowanikwa mune zvidiki, masheya-sezvimedu zvisingasviki 100 km², kana mune batholiths ari chikamu che orogenic makomo.Pamwe chete neimwe kondinendi uye sedimentary matombo, kazhinji anoumba hwaro hwepasi pevhu.Inowanikwawo mune lacolites, migero uye zvikumbaridzo.Sezvakaita mukugadzirwa kwegranite, mamwe matombo akasiyana-siyana maalpids uye pegmatites.Zvinamira zvine saizi yakatsetseka kupfuura zvinoitika pamiganhu yegranitic kurwisa.Yakawanda pegmatites yegranite kupfuura granite inowanzogovera madhipoziti egranite.

Granite Inoshandiswa

VaEgipita vekare vakavaka mapiramidhi kubva kugranite nematombo eraimu.
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa muEgypt yekare makoramu, madziro emasuo, sill, moldings uye madziro uye chifukidziro chepasi.
Rajaraja Chola Dynasty yeChola muSouth India, muzana remakore rechi11 AD muguta reTanjore kuIndia, yakaita kuti temberi yekutanga yenyika ive granite zvachose.Tembere yeBrihadeeswarar, yakatsaurirwa kuna Lord Shiva, yakavakwa muna 1010.
MuHumambo hweRoma, granite yakava chikamu chakakosha chezvivakwa uye mutauro wakakura wekuvaka.
Inonyanya kushandiswa sehukuru dombo.Inobva pamabrasions, rave dombo rinobatsira nekuda kwechimiro charo chinobvuma kuoma uye kupenya uye kukwenenzverwa kutakura zvinorema zviri pachena.
Inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemukati kune akakwenenzverwa granite slabs, mataira, mabhenji, mataira pasi, masitepisi uye mamwe akawanda anoshanda uye ekushongedza maficha.

Mazuvano

Inoshandiswa kugadzira matombo nemakuva.
Inoshandiswa kune zvinangwa zvepasi.
Mainjiniya vagara vachishandisa mahwendefa egranite akakwenenzverwa kugadzira ndege inotaridza nekuti haipindike uye haichinjike.

Kugadzirwa kweGranite

Inocherwa pasi rose asi akawanda ekunze mavara anotorwa kubva kune granite deposits muBrazil, India, China, Finland, South Africa neNorth America.Iyi migodhi yedombo ihombe uye basa rakawanda.Zvidimbu zvegranite zvinobviswa kubva mumadhipoziti nekucheka kana kupfapfaidza mabasa.Special slicer anoshandiswa kucheka zvidimbu zvakabviswa granite kuita mahwendefa anotakurika, anozorongedzerwa otakurwa nenjanji kana masevhisi ekutakura.China, Brazil neIndia ndidzo dzinotungamira kugadzira magranite pasi rose.

Mhedziso

Dombo rinozivikanwa se "black granite" rinowanzoita gabbro iro rine chimiro chakasiyana chemakemikari.
Ndiro dombo rakanyanya kuwanda muEarth continental crust.Munzvimbo huru dzinozivikanwa sevanhuliths uye munzvimbo dzepakati dzemakondinendi dzinozivikanwa senhovo dzinowanikwa mukati menzvimbo dzakawanda dzemakomo.
Mineral crystals anoratidza kuti inotonhora zvishoma nezvishoma kubva padombo rakanyungudutswa iro rinoumbwa pasi pevhu uye rinoda nguva yakareba.
Kana giraniti rikaiswa pachena pamusoro pePasi, rinokonzerwa nekukwira kwematombo egranite uye kukukurwa kwematombo e sedimentary ari pamusoro payo.
Pasi pesedimentary rocks, granites, metamorphosed granites kana matombo ane hukama anowanzo pazasi pechivharo ichi.Vanozozivikanwa sematombo epasi.
Tsanangudzo dzinoshandiswa kugiraniti dzinowanzo tungamira kutaurirana nezvedombo uye dzimwe nguva dzinokonzera nyonganiso.Dzimwe nguva kune tsanangudzo dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa.Pane nzira nhatu dzekutsanangura granite.
Nzira iri nyore pamatombo, pamwe chete negranite, mica uye amphibole minerals, inogona kutsanangurwa sedombo rakaoma, rakajeka, magmatic rinosanganisira kunyanya feldspar uye quartz.
Nyanzvi yedombo ichatsanangura kuumbwa chaiko kwedombo, uye nyanzvi zhinji hadzishandise granite kuziva dombo kunze kwekunge rasangana nechimwe chikamu chezvicherwa.Vanogona kuidaidza kuti alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite kana aplite.
Tsanangudzo yekutengeserana inoshandiswa nevatengesi nevatengi inowanzonzi granular matombo akaoma kupfuura granite.Vanogona kudana granite ye gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss uye mamwe akawanda matombo.
Inowanzotsanangurwa se "ibwe rehukuru" rinogona kutemwa kune humwe hurefu, upamhi uye hurefu.
Granite yakasimba zvakakwana kutsungirira mabrasions akawanda, uremu hombe, kuramba mamiriro ekunze uye kugamuchira varnishes.Dombo rinodiwa zvikuru uye rinobatsira.
Kunyangwe mutengo wegranite wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wezvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu zvemapurojekiti, inoonekwa sechinhu chine mukurumbira chinoshandiswa kupesvedzera vamwe nekuda kwekunaka kwayo, kusimba uye kunaka.