Nhau - Chii chinonzi granite?

Chii chinonzi granite?

Granitendiro dombo rinonyanya kupinda mugomba repasi rose, rinozivikanwa sedombo repingi, jena, grey, uye dema rine mavara ekushongedza. Rakakora kusvika pakati nepakati. Zvicherwa zvaro zvikuru zvitatu ifeldspar, quartz, uye mica, izvo zvinoitika sesilvery muscovite kana dark biotite kana zvese zviri zviviri. Pazvicherwa izvi, feldspar inonyanya kupararira, uye quartz inowanzoita zvinopfuura gumi muzana. Alkali feldspars inowanzova pink, zvichikonzera granite yepingi inowanzo shandiswa sedombo rekushongedza. Granite inopenya kubva kumagmas akapfuma silica ari makiromita akawanda mugomba repasi. Mamineral deposits akawanda anoumba miviri yegranite iri pedyo necrystallizing kubva mu hydrothermal solutions iyo miviri yakadaro inoburitsa.

Kupatsanura

Muchikamu chepamusoro cheQAPF chematombo eplutonic (Streckeisen, 1976), munda wegranite unotsanangurwa nekuumbwa kwequartz (Q 20 - 60%) uye chiyero cheP/(P + A) chiri pakati pe10 ne65. Munda wegranite une minda miviri midiki: syenogranite nemonzogranite. Matombo anobuda mukati mesyenogranite chete ndiwo anoonekwa semagranite mumabhuku eAnglo-Saxon. Mumabhuku eEurope, matombo anobuda mukati mesyenogranite nemonzogranite anonzi magranite. Munda wemonzogranite waiva neadamellite nequartz monzonite muzvikamu zvekare. Subcommission yeRock Cassification inokurudzira kuti nguva pfupi yadarika izwi rekuti adamellite rirambe uye kutumidza sequartz monzonite chete matombo anobuda mukati memunda wequartz monzonite sensu stricto.

Kuumbwa kweMakemikari

Avhareji yepasi rose yemakemikari ari mugranite, zvichienderana nehuremu hwemuzana,

zvichibva pakuongorora kwe2485:

SiO2 72.04% (silica)
Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO1.82%
FeO1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Nguva dzose ine zvicherwa zvinonzi quartz nefeldspar, zvine kana zvisina zvimwe zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana (zvicherwa zvekuwedzera). Quartz nefeldspar zvinowanzopa granite ruvara rwakajeka, kubva papinki kusvika kuchena. Ruvara irworwo rwekumashure rwakajeka runoratidzwa nezvicherwa zvakasviba zvekuwedzera. Saka granite yekare ine chitarisiko che "munyu-nepepper". Zvicherwa zvekuwedzera zvakajairika i black mica biotite uye black amphibole hornblende. Matombo ese aya igneous (yakasimbiswa kubva ku magma) uye plutonic (yakaita izvi mumuviri mukuru, wakavigwa zvakadzama kana pluton). Kurongeka kwezviyo mugranite - kushaya kwayo jira - humbowo hwekwakabva plutonic. Dombo rine chimiro chakafanana negranite rinogona kuumbwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwakasimba kwematombo e sedimentary. Asi rudzi irworwo rwedombo rune jira rakasimba uye rinowanzo kunzi granite gneiss.

Kuwanda + Nzvimbo Yekunyunguduka

Avhareji yehuwandu hwayo iri pakati pe2.65 ne2.75 g/cm3, simba rayo rekudzvanya rinowanzova pamusoro pe200 MPa, uye viscosity yayo iri pedyo neSTP ndeye 3–6 • 1019 Pa·s. Tembiricha yekunyunguduka ndeye 1215–1260 °C. Haina permeability yakanaka yekutanga asi permeability yakasimba yechipiri.

Kuonekwa kweDombo reGranite

Inowanikwa mumaputoni makuru mumakondinendi, munzvimbo dzine goko rePasi rakakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvine musoro, nekuti granite inofanira kuoma zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo dzakadzika kuti igadzire zvicherwa zvakakura kudaro. Plutons diki pane 100 square kilometers munzvimbo iyi inonzi stocks, uye hombe dzinonzi batholiths. Maputoni anoputika pasi rese, asi lava ine chimiro chakafanana negranite (rhyolite) inoputika chete mumakondinendi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti granite inofanira kuumbwa nekunyunguduka kwematombo emakondinendi. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri: kuwedzera kupisa uye kuwedzera volatiles (mvura kana carbon dioxide kana zvese zviri zviviri). Makondinendi anopisa zvakanyanya nekuti ane uranium nepotassium yakawanda yepasi, iyo inopisa nharaunda dzayo kuburikidza nekuora kweradioactive. Chero kupi uko goko rakakora kunowanzo kupisa mukati (semuenzaniso muTibetan Plateau). Uye maitiro eplate tectonics, kunyanya subduction, anogona kukonzera basaltic magmas kukwira pasi pemakondinendi. Kuwedzera pakupisa, magmas aya anoburitsa CO2 nemvura, iyo inobatsira matombo emarudzi ese kunyunguduka pakupisa kwakaderera. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwemagma epasi pevhu hunogona kunamirwa pasi penyika nenzira inonzi underplating. Nekubuda zvishoma nezvishoma kwekupisa nemvura kubva kubasalt iyoyo, huwandu hwakawanda hwemakushe epasi pevhu hunogona kuchinja kuita granite panguva imwe chete.

Inowanikwa kupi?

Kusvika pari zvino, zvinozivikanwa kuti inowanikwa pasi pano yakawanda chete mumakondinendi ese sechikamu cheganda rekondinendi. Dombo iri rinowanikwa mumatombo madiki, akafanana nematombo epasi pe100 km², kana mumatombo e-batholith ari chikamu chemakomo e-orogenic. Pamwe chete nedzimwe kondinendi nematombo e-sedimentary, zvinowanzoita nzvimbo yepasi pevhu. Inowanikwawo muma-lacolites, makomba uye mipendero. Sezvakaita mukugadzirwa kwegranite, mamwe matombo akasiyana-siyana ialpids nepegmatites. Zvinonamira zvine saizi yezvidimbu zvakapfava kupfuura zvinowanikwa pamiganhu yekurwiswa kwegranite. Mapegmatites akawanda egranular kupfuura granite anowanzo goverana granite deposits.

Mashandisirwo eGranite

VaIjipita vekare vakavaka mapiramidhi kubva kumatombo egranite nematombo emabwe.
Zvimwe zvaishandiswa muIjipita yekare imbiru, mikova yekumusoro, sill, moldings uye chifukidziro chemadziro nepasi.
Rajaraja Chola Dzinza reChola kuSouth India, muzana remakore rechi11 AD muguta reTanjore muIndia, rakaita kuti temberi yekutanga pasi rose ive granite yakazara. Temberi yeBrihadeeswarar, yakatsaurirwa kuna Ishe Shiva, yakavakwa muna 1010.
MuUmambo hweRoma, granite yakava chikamu chakakosha chezvinhu zvekuvaka uye mutauro mukuru wekuvaka.
Rinonyanya kushandiswa sedombo guru. Rakavakirwa pamavanga, rave riri dombo rinobatsira nekuda kwechimiro charo chinobvuma kuoma, kupenya uye kupenya kuti ritakure zvinorema zviri pachena.
Inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemukati dzemagranite slabs akakweshwa, mataira, mabhenji, pasi pemataira, masitepisi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda uye zvekushongedza.

Yemazuva ano

Inoshandiswa pamatombo emakuva nematombo ekurangarira.
Inoshandiswa pakugadzira pasi.
Mainjiniya agara achishandisa mapuratifomu epamusoro egranite akaporishwa kugadzira nzvimbo yekureferensira nekuti haapindi mvura zvakanyanya uye haachinjiki.

Kugadzirwa kweGranite

Inocherwa pasi rose asi mavara mazhinji anoshamisa anobva muma granite deposits muBrazil, India, China, Finland, South Africa neNorth America. Kucherwa kwematombo uku inzira inoda mari yakawanda uye inoda vashandi vakawanda. Zvidimbu zve granite zvinobviswa muma deposits nekucheka kana kupfapfaidza. Zvidimbu zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa kucheka zvidimbu zvinotorwa ne granite kuita maplate anotakurika, ayo anobva aiswa mumatanda uye kutakurwa nechitima kana masevhisi ekutakura zvinhu. China, Brazil neIndia ndidzo dzinotungamira mukugadzira granite pasi rose.

Mhedziso

Dombo rinozivikanwa se "granite nhema" rinowanzova gabbro rine chimiro chakasiyana zvachose chemakemikari.
Ndiro dombo rakawanda kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose. Munzvimbo dzakakura dzinonzi ma-batholiths uye munzvimbo dzepakati pemakondinendi, dzinonzi nhoo dzinowanikwa pakati penzvimbo dzakawanda dzemakomo.
Makristaro emaminerari anoratidza kuti anotonhorera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva padombo rakanyungudutswa rinoumbwa pasi pevhu uye rinotora nguva yakareba.
Kana granite ikaiswa pamusoro peNyika, inokonzerwa nekukwira kwematombo egranite uye kuputsika kwematombo emugungwa ari pamusoro payo.
Pasi pematombo egungwa, magranite, magranite akachinja chimiro kana matombo akafanana anowanzo kuve pasi pechifukidziro ichi. Anozozivikanwa sematombo epasi pevhu.
Tsanangudzo dzinoshandiswa pagranite dzinowanzo tungamira pakutaurirana nezvedombo uye dzimwe nguva dzinokonzera kuvhiringidzika. Dzimwe nguva pane tsananguro dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa. Pane nzira nhatu dzekutsanangura granite.
Nzira iri nyore pamatombo, pamwe chete nemaminerari egranite, mica uye amphibole, inogona kutsanangurwa sedombo rakaomarara, rakareruka, rine magmatic rinosanganisira feldspar ne quartz.
Nyanzvi yematombo ichatsanangura chimiro chaicho chedombo, uye nyanzvi zhinji hadzizoshandisi granite kuona dombo kunze kwekunge riine huwandu hwakati hwezvicherwa. Vanogona kuridaidza kuti alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite kana aplite.
Tsanangudzo yekutengeserana inoshandiswa nevatengesi nevatengi inowanzonzi matombo akaomarara kupfuura granite. Vanogona kudana granite ye gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss nemamwe matombo akawanda.
Inowanzotsanangurwa se "dombo rehukuru" rinogona kuchekwa nehurefu hwakati, upamhi uye ukobvu.
Granite yakasimba zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kutsungirira kukweshwa kwakawanda, huremu hwakakura, inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye inogamuchira mavarnish. Dombo rinodiwa zvikuru uye rinobatsira.
Kunyangwe mutengo wegranite wakakwira zvikuru kupfuura mutengo wezvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu zvemapurojekiti, inoonekwa sechinhu chine mukurumbira chinoshandiswa kukurudzira vamwe nekuda kwekunaka kwayo, kugara kwenguva refu uye kunaka kwayo.