Nhasi, nekukura kuri kuita indasitiri ye semiconductor, kuyedzwa kwe IC, sechinongedzo chakakosha chekuona kuti machips anoshanda sei, kururama kwayo uye kugadzikana kwayo zvinokanganisa zvakananga mwero wegoho remachips uye kukwikwidzana kweindasitiri. Sezvo maitiro ekugadzira machips achienderera mberi achienda ku3nm, 2nm uye mamwe ma node epamusoro, zvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvepakati mumidziyo yekuyedza IC zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kuoma. Magadziko egranite, ane hunhu hwawo hwakasiyana uye zvakanakira mashandiro, ave "mubatsiri wegoridhe" akakosha pamidziyo yekuyedza IC. Ndeapi mafungiro ehunyanzvi ari shure kweizvi?
I. "Kusakwanisa Kurarama" kweMabhesi Echinyakare
Munguva yekuyedza IC, michina inofanirwa kunyatsoona mashandiro emagetsi emachip pini, kusimba kwechiratidzo, nezvimwewo pa nanoscale. Zvisinei, zvigadziko zvesimbi zvechinyakare (zvakaita sesimbi yakakandwa nesimbi) zvakaratidza matambudziko akawanda mukushandiswa kwayo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, chiyero chekuwedzera kwekupisa kwezvinhu zvesimbi chakakwira zvakanyanya, kazhinji pamusoro pe10×10⁻⁶/℃. Kupisa kunokonzerwa nekushanda kwemidziyo yekuongorora IC kana kunyange shanduko diki mukupisa kwemhepo kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekupisa uye kudzikira kwechigadziko chesimbi. Semuenzaniso, chigadziko chesimbi chakareba mita imwe chinogona kukura nekudzika kusvika ku100μm kana tembiricha ikachinja ne10℃. Kuchinja kwakadaro kwakakwana kukanganisa test probe nemachip pins, zvichikonzera kusabatana zvakanaka uye zvichikonzera kukanganisa data rekuyedza.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kushanda kwesimbi pasi pesimbi kwakashata, zvichiita kuti zviome kushandisa simba rekudzungudza rinogadzirwa nekushanda kwemidziyo. Muchiitiko chekuongorora masaini ane frequency yakakwira, kutenderera kwe micro-oscillation kuchaunza ruzha rwakawanda, zvichiwedzera kukanganisa kwekuyedza kuvimbika kwechiratidzo neinopfuura 30%. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvesimbi zvine magnetic susceptibility yakakura uye zvinowanzobatanidzwa ne electromagnetic signals yemidziyo yekuedza, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwe eddy current uye hysteresis effects, izvo zvinokanganisa kururama kwekuyera kwakarurama.
Ii. "Simba Rakasimba" reMabhesi eGranite
Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kuisa hwaro hwekuyera kwakarurama
Granite inoumbwa nekusanganiswa kwakasimba kwemakristaro emaminerari akadai se quartz ne feldspar kuburikidza ne ionic ne covalent bonds. Coefficient yayo yekuwedzera kwekupisa yakaderera zvikuru, 0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃ chete, inova inenge 1/2-1/20 yezvinhu zvesimbi. Kunyangwe tembiricha ikachinja ne10℃, kuwedzera nekudzika kwechigadziko chegranite chemita imwe chete kuri pasi pe50nm, zvichiita kuti "zero deformation". Panguva imwecheteyo, kupisa kwegranite kunongova 2-3 W/(m · K), kunenge kuri pasi pe1/20 yesimbi. Inogona kudzivirira kupisa kwemidziyo, kuchengetedza tembiricha yepamusoro yeyunifomu yechigadziko, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti test probe ne chip zvinogara zvichigara zviri panzvimbo imwe chete.
2. Kudzvinyirira kwakasimba kwekudengenyeka kunogadzira nzvimbo yekuyedza yakagadzikana
Kukanganisika kwemakristaro akasiyana uye chimiro chinotsvedza chemuganhu wezviyo mukati megranite zvinopa simba rakasimba rekuparadza simba, nechiyero chekudzikisa kusvika ku0.3-0.5, chinova chinopfuura katanhatu pane chigadziko chesimbi. Ruzivo rwekuyedza runoratidza kuti pasi pekuwedzeredzwa kwekudengenyeka kwe100Hz, nguva yekudzikamisa vibration yechigadziko chegranite ingori 0.1 masekondi, nepo chigadziko chesimbi chakakandwa chiri 0.8 masekondi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chigadziko chegranite chinogona kudzvinyirira ipapo ipapo vibration inokonzerwa nekuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwemidziyo, kukanganiswa kwekunze, nezvimwewo, uye kudzora amplitude ye vibration yepuratifomu yekuyedza mukati me ±1μm, ichipa vimbiso yakasimba yekuisa nanoscale probes.
3. Zvimiro zvechisikigo zvinorwisa magineti, zvichibvisa kupindira kwemagetsi
Granite isimbi ine simba remagineti ine simba remagineti rinosvika -10 ⁻⁵. Maerekitironi emukati aripo ari maviri mukati mezvisungo zvemakemikari uye haambosanganiswi nemagetsi ekunze. Munzvimbo ine simba remagineti re10mT, simba remagineti rinokonzereswa pamusoro pegranite riri pasi pe0.001mT, nepo riri pamusoro pesimbi yakakandwa rakakwira serinopfuura 8mT. Hunhu uhwu hwechisikigo hunodzivirira magineti hunogona kugadzira nzvimbo yakachena yekuyera michina yekuongorora IC, ichiidzivirira kubva pakukanganiswa kwemagetsi ekunze senge maworkshop motors nemasaini eRF. Yakakodzera zvakanyanya kuyedza mamiriro ezvinhu anonyanya kukanganiswa neruzha rwemagetsi, senge quantum chips uye high-precision ADCs/Dacs.
Chechitatu, kushandiswa kwayo kwabudirira zvikuru
Maitiro emabhizinesi mazhinji e semiconductor akaratidza zvizere kukosha kwema granite bases. Mushure mekunge mugadziri wemidziyo yekuongorora semiconductor anozivikanwa pasi rose atora granite base mupuratifomu yake yepamusoro ye5G chip testing, yakawana mhedzisiro inoshamisa: kurongeka kwenzvimbo yeprobe card kwakawedzera kubva pa ±5μm kusvika pa ±1μm, kutsauka kwakajairwa kwedata rekuyedza kwakadzikira ne70%, uye mwero wekusafunga zvakanaka kwebvunzo imwe chete wakadzikira zvakanyanya kubva pa 0.5% kusvika pa 0.03%. Panguva imwe chete, vibration depress effect inoshamisa. Midziyo inogona kutanga bvunzo isina kumirira kuti vibration iore, ichipfupisa test cycle ne 20% uye ichiwedzera kugona kwekugadzira kwegore negore nema wafers anopfuura mamiriyoni matatu. Pamusoro pezvo, granite base ine hupenyu hwemakore anopfuura gumi uye haidi kugadziriswa nguva nenguva. Kana ichienzaniswa nema bases esimbi, mutengo wayo wese unoderedzwa neinopfuura 50%.
Chechina, chinja zvinoenderana nemaitiro emaindasitiri uye tungamira kusimudzira tekinoroji yekuyedza
Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro yekurongedza (yakadai seChiplet) uye kukwira kweminda mitsva senge quantum computing chips, zvinodiwa kuti mudziyo ushande zvakanaka mukuyedza IC zvicharamba zvichikwira. Magadziko egranite ari kuramba achivandudza uye achivandudza. Kuburikidza nekurapa pamusoro pepurasitiki kuti uwedzere kuramba kwekupfeka kana nekubatanidza ne piezoelectric ceramics kuti uwane active vibration compensation uye mamwe matekinoroji, vari kuenda kunzira yakanyatsojeka uye ine hungwaru. Mune ramangwana, gadziko regranite richaramba richichengetedza tekinoroji itsva yeindasitiri yesemiconductor uye kukura kwemhando yepamusoro kwe "Chinese chips" nekushanda kwayo kwakanaka.
Kusarudza hwaro hwegranite zvinoreva kusarudza mhinduro yekuyedza IC yakanyatsojeka, yakagadzikana uye inoshanda. Ingave iri yekuongorora kwepamberi kweprocess chip kana kutsvaga matekinoroji epamusoro mune ramangwana, hwaro hwegranite huchaita basa guru uye risingatsiviwi.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-15-2025