Munyika ine simba remichina yakanyatsogadzirwa—uko masisitimu ekuona kwemuchina anogadzira mamiriyoni edata points pasekondi uye mota dzakatwasuka dzinomhanya nemhepo—chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha chinoramba chiri chechimiro chisina kusimba. Muchina wese wepamusoro, kubva kumidziyo yekuongorora wafer kusvika kune vanocheka laser vane fomati hombe, unofanirwa kuteedzera kwawakabva kusvika kumutsetse unosimbiswa. Chinodiwa ichi chikuru ndicho chikonzero nei maturusi emetrology akasarudzika, kunyanya granite straight ruler ine nzvimbo mbiri dzakarurama, granite linear rules, uyemitemo yakafanana yegranite plane, zvichiri zvinodiwa zvikuru mukugadzira zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro.
Zvishandiso izvi hazvisi zvidimbu zvematombo chete; asi zvinoumba chimiro chezviyero zvepasi rose, zvichipa chiratidzo chisingachinji chinopa ruzivo rwekuti machine geometry yemazuva ano inotsanangurwa, inosimbiswa, uye inobhadharwa sei.
Fizikisi yeChokwadi cheDimensional
Kuramba uchivimba negranite munguva ye nanometer kwakadzika midzi mufizikisi yezvinhu, uko zvinhu zvemainjiniya zvechinyakare zvakaita sesimbi kana simbi yakakandwa zvinongotadza kusangana nezvinodiwa kuti zvinhu zvigadzikane.
Muvengi mukuru wekuita nemazvo ikupisa kunoyerera. Simbi dzine Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) yakakwira, zvichireva kuti kuchinja kudiki kwekushisa kunokonzera shanduko dzinoyerwa saizi. Kusiyana neizvi, granite nhema ine CTE yakaderera zvakanyanya uye ine thermal inertia yakakwira. Iyi hunhu inobvumira maturusi egranite kuti agadzikane nekuchinja kwekushisa kwekunze, zvichipa mutsetse wekutarisa kana plane inofanotaurwa uye isingapindi ruzha rwezvakatipoteredza.
Kupfuura tembiricha, kudzima kwemuchina kwakakosha. Granite ine simba guru rekudzikisa mukati, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kupinza simba remuchina nekukurumidza uye kubvisa kudedera. Rura resimbi, kana rakakanganiswa, rinowanzoita ruzha, richiparadzira kukanganisa musystem iri kuyerwa. Rura regranite rakatwasuka, zvisinei, rinogadzikana nekukurumidza, richiona kuti zviyero zvinoratidza geometry chaiyo yechinhu chakananga, kwete kudedera kwemudziyo wekuyera pachawo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakubata masisitimu ekufamba kwenguva refu kana kuenderana kwemaziso kwepamusoro-soro.
Kutsanangura Linearity: Mutongi weGranite Straight ane Nzvimbo mbiri Dzakarurama
Chinodiwa zvikuru uye chakakosha pakugadzira michina ndechekutwasuka. Nzira yega yega yekufambisa, sisitimu yekutakura, uye danho rekushandura zvinoenderana nerwendo rwakatwasuka zvakakwana. Mutongi wegranite wakatwasuka une nzvimbo mbiri dzakarurama ndiwo unoshanda pakuita uku, uchipa mupendero wakatwasuka wakasimbiswa uye, zvakakosha, nzvimbo yekutarisa yakafanana.
Kuva nenzvimbo mbiri dzakanyatsonaka uye dzakatarisana kunobvumira ruler kushandiswa kwete chete pakusimbisa kutwasuka pachiedza kana padanho remagetsi riri pamusoro pemucheto wekushanda, asiwo pakuita ongororo dzakasimba dzekuenzanisa uye kutenderedza mibhedha yemuchina. Semuenzaniso, pakugadzira magadzirirwo makuru ekubatanidza kana mafuremu marefu emuchina, nzvimbo mbiri dzakafanana dzinobvumira nyanzvi kusimbisa kuti njanji mbiri dzakaparadzana dzakafanana uye kune imwe huru reference plane (senge surface plate). Iyi multi-functionality inoita kuti matanho ekurongeka arambe ari nyore, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti muchina wakavakwa wakaenzana uye wakarurama kubva pahwaro zvichikwira.
Nzvimbo dzevatongi ava dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba, zvinowanzo bvumidzwa kuti dzikwanise kushivirira zvinhu zvakayerwa muma microns kana zvikamu zvacho, zvichida kuti pave nechikamu chekupedzisa chinogona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza nemaitiro ekukwevera akanyatsodzorwa.
Kuenzana Kwekuyera: Mitemo yeGranite Linear
Izwi rekuti mitemo yegranite linear rinowanzo shanda sechikamu chikuru chezvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa kupa referensi yakatwasuka yakatendeseka pamusoro pedaro rakakura. Mitemo iyi inokosha pamabasa makuru emumaindasitiri, akadai se:
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Kukanganisa paMepu: Kunoshandiswa pamwe chete nema laser interferometers kana auto-collimators kuratidza kukanganisa kwekutwasuka munzira yekufamba ye machine axis. Kurongeka kwemutemo wegranite kunopa hwaro hwepasi hunodiwa pakuyera uku kunonyanya kusimba.
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Kurongeka kweAssembly: Inoshanda semajig echinguvana, ane certification yekuona kuti zvikamu zvikuru (senge mabhiriji kana maoko egantry) zvakarongeka zvakanaka zvisati zvasungwa zvachose.
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Kuenzanisa Zvishandiso zveMagiredhi Akaderera: Kupa ruzivo rwepamusoro rwekuti magadzirirwo emhando yepamusoro, akatwasuka kana kuti magwara anoongororwa sei.
Kugara kwenguva refu uye kugadzikana kwegranite zvinoreva kuti kana granite yangobvumidzwa, hunhu hwayo hwejometri hunochengetwa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura hwezvishandiso zvesimbi zvakaenzana, zvichideredza kuwanda uye mutengo wekugadziriswazve.
Kugadzira Ndege Yakakwana: Granite Plane Parallel Rules
Mitemo yegranite plane parallel yakagadzirirwa zvakananga kugadzirisa kudiwa kwebhuroko rine chitupa chine zviso zviviri zvakafanana uye zvakati sandara zvinoshanda. Kunyange zvazvo mirau yakatwasuka ichitarisa pakurongeka, mitemo yakafanana inotarisa pakuenzana kwekukwirira uye kusatana munzvimbo yavo yekushandira.
Mitemo iyi inokosha kune:
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Kuyera uye Kuparadzanisa: Zvinoshandiswa sezviyero zvepakati kana zvinotsigira apo kufanana kwekukwirira uye kufanana pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakapesana kunofanirwa kunge kwakakwana, senge pakuisa zvikamu zve optical kana calibrating height gauges.
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Kutarisa Kutenderera Kwetafura uye Kurongeka: Kunoshandiswa pamaplate epamusoro kusimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeplate dzinoramba dzakareba zvakaenzana.
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Kugadzika Kwakarurama: Kunoshandiswa mumabasa ekubatanidza apo daro chairo pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvakafanana rinofanira kubatwa ne sub-micron tolerances, zvichienderana ne parallelism yakavimbiswa yemutemo pakati pemativi ayo maviri makuru.
Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwegranite plane parallel rules kunoda kudzora zvakanyanya maitiro ekukuya nekurovera, zvichiita kuti zviso zviviri izvi zvive zvisina kutsarukana zvakanyanya asiwo zvakaenzana zvakakwana panzvimbo imwe neimwe pamusoro pazvo.
Mwero weHunhu Hwepasi Pose
Simba riri shure kwezvishandiso izvi zviri nyore riri muzvitupa zvavo. Vagadziri vanoshanda padanho repamusoro-soro muindasitiri yekuongorora zvinhu nemazvo vanofanirwa kutevedzera nekupfuura mwero wepasi rose wekuongorora zvinhu nemazvo (wakadai seDIN, ASME, JIS, uye GB). Kuzvipira uku kutevedzera mitemo yakawanda ivimbiso yakananga kune vatengi vepasi rose—kubva kuvagadziri vemotokari vekuGermany kusvika kumakambani emuchadenga ekuAmerica—kuti chokwadi chejometri chinotsanangurwa nerureta rwegranite straight ruler ine nzvimbo mbiri dzakarurama chinogona kusimbiswa pasi rose.
Uyezve, maitiro aya ekupa chitupa anoda tsika yemhando yepamusoro isingachinji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyatsojeka kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe hakusi kungokonzerwa nemidziyo yekucheka yepamusoro chete, asi nekubata kwekupedzisira kunopiwa nenyanzvi dzekucheka nemaoko dzine ruzivo rwakanyanya. Nyanzvi idzi, dzinowanzova neruzivo rwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu, dzinoshandisa hunyanzvi hwadzo hwekubata kubvisa zvinhu padanho rema micron rimwe chete, zvichiunza granite pachimiro chayo chekupedzisira chakabvumidzwa. Unyanzvi uhwu hwevanhu, pamwe chete nekusimbiswa nemaitiro epamusoro ekuyera asingabatanidzi senge laser interferometers, ndizvo zvinopa zvishandiso izvi zvegranite simba razvo guru uye risingarambiki munyika yekururama kwakanyanya.
Kugadzikana kuri nyore, kusingachinji kwematombo, kwakagadziridzwa nematanho akaomarara emetrology yemazuva ano, kunoramba kuri chinhu chakakosha munyika inokurumidza uye inoshanduka yekugadzira nanometer.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2025