Mubasa rekugadzira ma "semiconductor", kuchena kwenzvimbo yekuchenesa kunokanganisa zvakananga mwero wekugadzirwa kwe "wafer" uye mashandiro ema "chips". Mafekitori mashanu epamusoro ekugadzira ma "wafer" pasi rose akabvisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvechinyakare uye akachinja kuita ma "granite platforms". Kumashure kweshanduko iyi kune kutsvaga kwekupedzisira kwenzvimbo isina kusvibiswa mumakamuri ekuchenesa. Mapuratifomu egranite, ane hunhu hwawo, akaratidza mabhenefiti asina kuenzana mumakamuri akachena uye ave chinhu chitsva chinodiwa nefekitori dzekugadzira ma "wafer".
"Kukanganisa kunouraya" kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvakakandwa mumakamuri akachena
Simbi yakakandwa, sechishandiso chekare cheindasitiri, yaimbova nezvakanaka pakugadzira michina, asi ine matambudziko akawanda munzvimbo yekucheneswa kwe semiconductor. Chekutanga, chimiro chesimbi yakakandwa pamusoro hachina kusimba, ine maburi akawanda uye tumaburi tudiki tusingaonekwe nemaziso. Munguva yekushanda kwezuva nezuva kwemakamuri ekucheneswa, maburi aya anowanzo sveta guruva, mavara emafuta uye tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakemikari, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzekuvanda zvinhu zvinosvibisa. Kana tsvina yaungana, panguva chaiyo yekugadzira mawafer, anogona kudonha onamatira pamusoro pewafer, zvichikonzera matambudziko makuru emhando dzakadai sema short circuits uye open circuits mu chip.
Chechipiri, simbi yakakandwa haina kugadzikana kwemakemikari. Munguva yekugadzira wafer, zvinoshandiswa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuvadza zvakaita sehydrofluoric acid nesulfuric acid. Iron yakakandwa inokurumidza kuoxidation uye corrosion reactions pasi pekukukurwa kwezvinhu izvi zvemakemikari. Ngura uye maion esimbi anokonzerwa necorrosion haangosvibisi chete nzvimbo yekugezera asi anogonawo kuita chemical reactions nezvinhu zviri pamusoro pewafer, zvichikanganisa hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwewafers uye zvichideredza zvakanyanya goho rechigadzirwa.
Chinhu che "zero-kusvibiswa" chemapuratifomu egranite
Chikonzero nei mapuratifomu egranite achifarirwa nefekitori dzepamusoro-soro dzekugadzira wafer dzepasi rose chiri muchimiro chadzo che "zero-pollution". Granite idombo rechisikigo rakaumbwa kuburikidza nemaitiro e geological kwemazana emamiriyoni emakore. Makristaro ayo emukati memineral akanyatsogadzirwa, chimiro chayo chakasimba uye chakafanana, uye hapana maburi pamusoro. Chimiro ichi chakasiyana chinoita kuti isanyungudike guruva nezvinhu zvinosvibisa. Kunyangwe mukusagadzikana kwemhepo uye mabasa evashandi nemidziyo muimba yakachena, pamusoro pepuratifomu yegranite inogona kuramba yakachena, ichidzivirira kubereka nekupararira kwezvinosvibisa.
Panyaya yekugadzikana kwemakemikari, granite inoshanda zvakanaka kwazvo. Zvikamu zvayo zvikuru zvicherwa zvakaita se quartz ne feldspar. Ine hunhu hwakasimba hwemakemikari uye haibatike zvakanyanya nemakemikari akajairika. Munzvimbo yakaoma yekugadzira ma wafer, mapuratifomu e granite anogona kubata kukanganiswa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana e corrosive reagents zviri nyore, pasina kugadzira zvigadzirwa zve corrosion kana kusvibiswa kwe ion yesimbi, zvichipa nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye yakachena yekugadzira ma wafer. Panguva iyi, granite haifambise magetsi uye haiburitse magetsi asingachinji, nokudaro ichidzivirira njodzi yekusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemagetsi asingachinji anotora guruva uye ichisimbisa kuti imba yakachena ine mhando yezvakatipoteredza.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kubva pamaonero emutengo uye mabhenefiti
Kunyangwe mutengo wekutanga wekutenga mapuratifomu egranite wakakwira kupfuura weakagadzirwa nesimbi, nekufamba kwenguva, mabhenefiti aanounza anopfuura musiyano wemutengo. Kucheneswa nekugadziriswa kwemapuratifomu esimbi nekuda kwematambudziko ekusvibiswa, pamwe nekurasikirwa kukuru kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwezvigadzirwa, kwakaita kuti mitengo yekugadzira irambe yakakwira. Puratifomu yegranite, ine mukana wekusasvibiswa, inoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekuchenesa nekugadzirisa mukamuri rakachena uye huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwezvigadzirwa, inoderedza mari yekushanda, uye inowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, fekitari ine kugona kwekugadzira kwemamiriyoni ewafers pagore. Mushure mekushandisa mapuratifomu egranite, inogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa neanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi eyuan gore rega rega, uye kudzoka kwemari kwakakosha zvikuru.
Mafekitori mashanu epamusoro-soro ekugadzira mawafer pasi rose akasiya simbi yakakandwa uye akasarudza mapuratifomu egranite zvichibva pakufunga kwakazara nezvezvinodiwa zvenzvimbo dzakachena uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira. Kubatsira kwepuratifomu dzegranite kusasvibisa kunopa vimbiso yakavimbika yekugadzirwa kwewafer uye kunoita kuti kugadzirwa kwesemiconductor kuve kwakanyatsojeka uye mwero wepamusoro wegoho. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwetekinoroji yesemiconductor, mapuratifomu egranite achaita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwewafer mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-14-2025