Mumadhipatimendi ekudzora hunhu pasi rose, muchina wekuyera zvinhu (CMM) une chinzvimbo chepamusoro. Kana chikamu chemuchina chemuchadenga chakagadzirwa chichifanira kuongororwa zvichienderana nedhirowa rawo reinjiniya, kana giya rekushandisa nemazvo richifanirwa kuongororwa risati ragadzirwa, kana chinhu chakaiswa muchipatara chichida chitupa chehukuru chisati chashandiswa mukuvhiyiwa - CMM ndiyo inowanzo tonga. Kuyerwa kwayo kune huremu hwekuvimbika kwehunyanzvi hunokanganisa zvisarudzo zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzeka, mashandiro, uye mutoro webhizinesi.
Asi kune ese ma electronics akaomarara, ma specific scales, uye software yakaoma inoumba CMM yemazuva ano, hwaro hwekururama kwemuchina idombo. Kunzwisisa kuti sei - uye kunzwisisa zvinoitika kana dombo iroro risina kunaka zvakakwana - kunoratidza chimwe chinhu chakakosha nezvekuti kunyatsoyera kunowanikwa sei mumasystem epanyama.
Zvinoyerwa neCMM uye Mashandiro Ainoita
Muchina wekuyera ma "coordinate" unoyera ma "three-dimensional coordinate" e "points" pachinhu chaicho. Unoita izvi nekuunza "sensing probe" kuti ibatane (kana pedyo, kana paine "non-contact scanning probes") pamusoro pechikamu chiri kuyerwa, uchinyora nzvimbo yeXYZ ye "contact point" yega yega, uye uchiverenga ma "geometric features" (planes, cylinders, cones, free-form surfaces) anonyatsokodzera "measured point cloud".
Kururama kwemaitiro aya kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda pamwe chete sehurongwa:
- Kururama kwemaseko matatu emuchina (kuti anofamba zvakanaka sei mumitsara yakatwasuka, uye kuti nzvimbo dzawo dzinoyerwa nemazvo sei nemitsara inonyorwa)
- Kururama uye kudzokorora kweprobe system (kuti inokonzeresa sei nguva dzose panzvimbo yekubata uye kuti inotsanangurirwa sei nepfungwa yekuverenga scale)
- Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwechimiro chemuchina (kudzivirira kuwedzera kwakasiyana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana)
- Hunhu hwenzvimbo yekutarisa datum (nzvimbo yakati sandara inobva pakuyerwa kwese kweZ-axis uye iyo inosimbisa hunyanzvi hwemuchina)
Chinhu chekupedzisira ichi — datum reference surface — ndiro granite surface plate iyo CMM yakavakirwa. Mumagadzirirwo mazhinji eCMM, granite surface plate haisi tafura isingashande chete iyo muchina unogara. Ichikamu chinoshanda chesystem yekuyera. Kwakabva Z-axis scale yeCMM kunotsanangurwa zvichienderana nepamusoro apa; nzira dzekutungamira dzema axes akatwasuka emuchina dzinoiswa uye dzinowana kutwasuka kwadzo kubva pamusoro apa; chikamu chiri kuyera chinogara pamusoro apa (kana pane fixture yakaiswa pairi). Chero kukanganisa mukutsatika kana kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwe granite plate kunopararira zvakananga mu coordinates iyo CMM inoshuma.
Granite Surface Plate seDatum Zero
Mu metrology yekare, datum chinhu chaicho chinotorwa kubva mudzidziso (point, axis, kana plane). Munyika yeCMM, datum plane ndiyo pamusoro pe granite surface plate.
Kana mugadziri weCMM achigadzirisa muchina mutsva, anoshandisa pamusoro petafura yegranite senzira yekusimbisa system yemukati memuchina.
- Nzvimbo yetafura inotsanangura ndege yeXY yemuchina wekubatanidza system
- Bhiriji reCMM kana gantry vertical axis (Z) ndiro rinotaridzwa kune iyi ndege
- Kururama kwemaaxes akatambanudzwa (X naY) kunoyerwa uye kunobhadharwa zvichienderana nechimiro chaicho chetafura.
Kuongororwa uku kunochengetwa setafura yekuyeresa yejometri mukati meCMM controller. Kana muchina uchiyera chikamu, kudzoreredza uku kwakachengetwa kunogadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakarongwa mukufamba kwemuchina - zvikanganiso zvakayerwa uye zvakatsanangurwa zvichienzaniswa nepamusoro pegranite panguva yekuongororwa.
Kana granite surface plate ikachinja chimiro — kuburikidza nekusakara, kupisa, kana kudzikamisa kushushikana kwemukati — tafura yekutsiva haichatsananguri zvakanaka geometry yemuchina. CMM inoita seinoshanda zvakanaka (inofamba, probe inokonzeresa, kuyerwa kunotaurwa) asi kuyerwa kwacho kune zvikanganiso zvinoenderera mberi zvinowedzera sezvo mamiriro egranite achiderera. Zvikanganiso izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka nekuti hazvisi zvechisikigo — zvine hukama hwenzvimbo, zvichionekwa sezvipingamupinyi zvakarongwa munzvimbo dzetafura uko kukanganisa kwechimiro kwakaitika.
Kusarudzwa kweMagiredhi eCMM Applications
Hazvisi zvese zvinoshandiswa neCMM zvinoda giredhi rakaenzana rendiro yepamusoro yegranite, asi sarudzo yacho inofanira kutungamirirwa nezvinodiwa zvekuyera kusava nechokwadi kwechikumbiro, kwete nemutengo wekutenga wetafura.
MaCMM eReference neCalibration Laboratories
MaCMM anoshandiswa semichina yekutarisa — kuyera mamwe maCMM, kusimbisa maartifacts ekutarisa, kana kushanda sechinongedzo chekutevedza sisitimu yekuyera — anowanzoda giredhi 00 (giredhi rekurabhoritari paDIN 876) kana giredhi rekurabhoritari paASME B89.3.7. Aya ndiwo mapuratifomu epamusoro-soro anogadzirwa mukutengeserana, ane kushivirira kwakapfava munzvimbo yakaderera yema micrometer pamusoro petafura yakazara.
Padanho iri, pamusoro petafura yegranite panofanirawo kugadziriswazve nguva nenguva uye kusimbiswazve, uye zviyero zvinoteverwa nezvinodiwa nenyika. Nguva yekuongororwazve inoenderana nekusimba kwekushandiswa uye kukosha kwezviyero, asi kazhinji inoitika gore rega rega kana kaviri pagore.
Kuongorora Uriri hwekugadzira CMMs
MaCMM anoshandiswa pakuongorora kugadzirwa — achisimbisa kuti zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nemuchina zvinosangana nehukuru hwakatarwa zvisati zvagadzirwa — anowanzo shanda nemaplate epamusoro egiredhi 0 kana giredhi 1. Zvinodiwa zvekuyera kusava nechokwadi kwekuongorora kugadzirwa zvakasununguka kupfuura pakuongorora, uye saizvozvo, zvinodiwa zvekusatsetseka patafura yegranite hazvina kuoma zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, "kugadzikana zvakanyanya" kunofanira kunzwisiswa kana tichitarisa kushivirira kwezvikamu kuri kuongororwa. Kana CMM yekugadzira iri kushandiswa kusimbisa maficha ane kushivirira kwe10–20 μm, ndiro yepamusoro yegiredhi 1 (ine kutsetseka kuri pakati pe5–10 μm pamusoro petafura yepakati nepakati) yakakodzera. Kushandisa ndiro yepamusoro yegiredhi 2 kana yeworkshop-grade pakushandisa uku kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwechimiro chetafura kupa chikamu chakakosha chekusava nechokwadi kwekuyera kwese.
MaCMM Madiki eElectronics uye Precision Optics
Muzvikamu zvemagetsi zvekugadzira uye zvekuona zvakanyatsonaka, maCMM madiki anoshandiswa kuyera zvinhu zviri padanho re micrometer ne sub-micrometer pazvinhu zvakaita se connector housings, optical mounts, uye macamera ane machined precision. Mashandisirwo aya anoda mapuratifomu epamusoro egiredhi 00 - uye, mune dzimwe nguva, matafura egranite anodzorwa nekupisa - kuti awane kusaziva kwekuyera kunodiwa.
Maitiro Akajairika Ekukundikana: Chii Chinotadza Kana Hunhu hweGranite Husina Kukwana
Migumisiro yekusarudza kana kugamuchira granite yemhando isina kukwana muCMM inoonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekukundikana:
Kugadziriswa Kwenzvimbo Yakarongeka Munzvimbo Dzinoshandiswa Zvikuru
Pakati petafura yeCMM, nenzvimbo dziri pasi pezvigadziko zvinowanzo shandiswa, dzinoona huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusangana kweprobe uye huwandu hukuru hwezvikamu zvinotakura zvinhu. Nekufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kukura nekusakara kunoyerwa, zvichiita kuti zviite kunge zvakamanikana zvishoma. Tafura yegranite yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yegiredhi 0 kana giredhi 00, yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaoma, inodzivirira kupera uku zvinobudirira. Dombo remhando yakaderera - kunyanya marble kana granite yegrey yakaderera - rakapfava zvakanyanya uye rinogadzira mapatani ekusakara nekukurumidza.
Munzvimbo dzekugadzira uko nzvimbo chaiyo inoshandiswa zviuru zvezviuru pamwedzi, kupfeka uku kunogona kuungana kusvika pakukanganisa kunyatsoyera mukati megore rimwe kusvika maviri. Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa sehurongwa hwakanaka kana husina kunaka muZ-coordinate yezvikamu zvakayerwa panzvimbo yakasakara - kusarura kusingaonekwe nekukurumidza sedambudziko rekusakara patafura.
Kukanganiswa kweThermal kubva paKubata Pasi
Matafura eCMM granite munzvimbo dzekugadzira anowanzoiswa zvakananga padenga refekitori rinosangana nekupisa kwakanyanya - kunyanya pedyo nemadziro ekunze, masuo ekutakura zvinhu, kana pedyo nemidziyo yekugadzira kupisa. Kana tafura yegranite iri pedyo nekupisa nepasi risingafanani, kupisa kunoyerera zvisina kuenzana nepatafura, zvichigadzira kupisa kunovhiringidza pamusoro petafura.
Granite yakakora (yakadai segranite nhema ine density yakakura) ine conductivity yakaderera yekupisa uye CTE yakaderera pane granite yakajairwa yegrey, zvichireva kuti inopindura zvishoma nezvishoma kune kusagadzikana kwekupisa uye inokanganisika zvishoma kana tembiricha iripo. Nguva yekupisa yenguva yakatarwa yetafura yegranite yakakora, yakakora yakareba - zvinotora maawa akawanda kuti mhedzisiro yakazara yekuvhiringidza kwekupisa ionekwe - asi kana kukanganisa kwaonekwa, kunoramba kuripo kwenguva yakareba yakafanana mushure mekunge sosi yekupisa yabviswa.
Nzira yakajairika yekuderedza kupisa ndeyekuparadzanisa tafura yegranite yeCMM kubva pasi - uchishandisa zvigadziko zvekuparadzanisa zvinobatidza zvinopawo kuparadzanisa kupisa - uye kuisa CMM munzvimbo yakagadzikana nekupisa kure nezvinobuda pakupisa nemadziro ekunze.
Kufamba-famba uye Kuzorora muDombo Risina Kukwana Kwekare
Granite isina kuchembera zvakakwana uye isina kuderedzwa kushushikana isati yagadzirwa nemazvo inogona kuramba ichidzikama zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekuigadzira, zvichiita kuti pamusoro pemuchina ubve pachimiro chayo chakatarwa kwemwedzi yakawanda. Maitiro aya anowanzo kunonoka uye anogadzira mwero wekudonha kwemvura usingasviki micrometer pagore muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka - asi kana tichitarisa zvinodiwa zve CMM accuracy, kunyangwe kudonha uku kunonoka kwakakosha mukati memakore akawanda ekushanda kwemidziyo yakanyatsogadzirwa.
Mushonga wakakodzera ndewekuti chigadzirwa chinofanirwa kugadzwa zvakanaka nemugadziri weplate yepamusoro, kusanganisira nguva shoma yekuchembera kwechinhu chisina kuchekwa zvakanaka chisati chatanga kugadzirwa nemazvo. Mugadziri anodarika danho iri kuti aderedze nguva yekugadzira ari kutengesa chigadzirwa chinoita sechinoenderana nezvinodiwa pakutumira asi chinoderera pabasa.
Kuchengetedza Matafura eCMM Granite Ari Kushandiswa
Kufanana nemichina yese yekuyera nemazvo, mapurati epamusoro eCMM granite anoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva uye kugadziriswazve kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoramba achienderana nekureba kwawo kwakatarwa. Nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuchengetedza matafura eCMM egranite dzinosanganisira:
Kutarisa tembiricha uye magwaro — Kuchengetedza rondedzero yemamiriro etembiricha patafura kunoratidza mafambiro emvura inoyerera uye kunobatsira kubatanidza kusarongeka kwekuyera nezviitiko zvekupisa.
Kuchenesa nguva dzose — Pamusoro penzvimbo panofanira kucheneswa nguva nenguva nemidziyo yakakodzera yekuchenesa (pH isina kusimba, isingakuvadzi) kubvisa tsvina, masara emvura inotonhorera, uye zvidimbu zvinogumbura zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara pamusoro. Pamusoro pacho hapafanirwe kucheneswa nezvinhu zvinogumbura.
Kuongororwazve kwekutsamira kwechinhu nguva nenguva — Kutsamira kwechinhu kunofanirwa kuyerwazve zvichienderana nechitupa chekutanga kuti zvionekwe chero kudonha kana kusakara. Nzira yekuyera nechishandiso zvinofanirwa kunyorwa uye kuteverwa nematanho akafanana neakapihwa chitupa chekutanga.
Kunyatsobata zvinhu zvinorema — Zvinhu zvinorema kana zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro pegranite zvinyoro-nyoro uye zvakatsigirwa panzvimbo dzakaringana kudzivirira nzvimbo dzinorema dzinogona kupwanya mipendero kana kukonzera kushushikana munzvimbo.
Kugadziriswa kwezvimedu uye kukuvara — Zvimedu nenzvimbo dzakakuvara zvinofanirwa kunyorwa uye kuongororwa. Zvimedu zvidiki munzvimbo dzisina kukosha zvinogona kusakanganisa kunyatsoita kwemuchina kana zviri kunze kwenzvimbo yekushandira yeprobe. Zvimedu zviri munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana nebhajeti remuchina rekutadza kuti zvionekwe kana zvichidikanwa kudzokororwa kana kutsiviwa.
Tafura yeGranite sechikamu chebhajeti rekusaziva pakuyera
ISO 10360, chiyero chepasi rose chinodzora kuyedzwa kwekushanda kweCMM, chinotsanangura kuti kunyatsojeka kwekuyera kwehuwandu hweCMM kunofanira kuongororwa uye kuratidzwa sei. Chiyero ichi chinosiyanisa pakati pekururama kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hweCMM kwakataurwa uye kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera kwese kunoshanda kune basa rekuyera rakati.
Kusaziva kwese kwekuyera kweCMM kunosanganisira mipiro kubva kune:
- Kururama kweCMM volumetric (kubva pakuyedzwa kweISO 10360)
- Zvikanganiso zvekuongorora
- Kubatanidza zvikamu uye mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa
- Mhedzisiro yekupisa pachikamu nemuchina
- Chikanganiso chechimiro chetafura yegranite pamusoro
Mupiro wekupedzisira uyu — chikanganiso chechimiro chetafura yegranite — unowanzo bviswa muongororo dzisina chokwadi dzakareruka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekugadzira uko kunonyanya kutariswa panguva yekufamba kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe pane kuongororwa kusina chokwadi. Kusiya izvi kunotungamira kune kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera kwataurwa kune tariro; mhedzisiro chaiyo yekuyera ine chimwe chikamu chekukanganisa chisingawanikwe.
Bhajeti rekusaziva kusava nechokwadi kwezviyero zvakakwana uye zvakasimba — sezvinodiwa neISO/IEC 17025 kuma laboratories ekuyera akavimbika, uye senzira yakanaka yeinjiniya kune chero kushandiswa kwekuyera kwakakosha — rinofanira kusanganisira mupiro wepamusoro petafura yegranite. Izvi zvinoda kuziva kuti tafura yacho yakatsetseka sei (kubva pakuyera kwazvino), uye kufungidzira kuti kukanganisa ikoko kwakatsetseka kunoenderana sei nezviyero zviri kuitwa.
Mhedziso: Datum Inoenderana Nezvimwe Zvese
CMM inzira yekuyera, uye semamwe masisitimu ekuyera, kururama kwayo kunogumira pakururama kwereferensi yayo. Granite surface plate ndiyo nzira iyoyo — yeZ axis, yeXY plane, yekugadzirisa zvikamu, uye yekuenzanisa mepu yese yegeometrical error yemuchina.
Kuisa mari zvakakodzera mumhando yechinhu ichi — kutsanangura giredhi rakakodzera, kusimbisa mhando yezvinhu, kuichengetedza zvakanaka, uye kuigadzirisa nguva nenguva — hazvisi zvemusoro. Ndiyo hwaro hwekuvimbika kwekuyera. Uye kuvimbika kwekuyera, mumaindasitiri kubva mundege kusvika kumidziyo yekurapa kusvika kukugadzira semiconductor, ndiyo hwaro hwemhando yechigadzirwa uye kuchengetedzeka kwevashandisi.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-26-2026