Mamiriro ekuongorora mativi akasiyana-siyana akachinja zvikuru mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, zvichikonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kusingaperi kwekuderedza nguva yekuongorora, kuvandudza kushanduka kwekugadzira, uye kuunza kugona kwekudzora mhando zvakananga kunzvimbo yekugadzira. Apo paimbove nekuyera kwese kwaida kutakura zvinhu kuenda kumarabhoritari anodzorwa nekupisa ane michina mikuru yekuyera yemhando yebhiriji, nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzanhasi dziri kuwedzera kuda mhinduro dzekuyera dzinogona kufamba kuenda kuchinhu chebasa pane kuda kuti chinhu chebasa chifambe kuenda kuhurongwa hwekuyera. Pamberi pekuchinja uku pane muchina wekuyera wekubata nemaoko, chishandiso chinotakurika chakachinja zvakanyanya maitiro evagadziri ekuongorora mativi. Asi kunyangwe zvishandiso izvi zvichiunza kushanduka kusati kwamboitika pakushanda kwekuyera, zvinounzawo matambudziko matsva anoratidza kukosha kusingaperi kwenheyo dzemetrology, kusanganisira kudiwa kwakakosha kweplate yekuyera sechiyero chekutarisa.
Rwendo rwekuyera zvinhu zvinotakurika rwakatanga nekuziva kuti michina yekuyera zvinhu yakajairwa, pasinei nekunyatsorongeka kwayo uye kugona kwayo, yakaisa zvipingamupinyi zvakakura pamabasa ekugadzira. Zvikamu zvinoda kuongororwa zvaifanira kubviswa mumidziyo yekugadzira, kutakurwa kuenda kumarabhoritari akatsaurirwa emetrology, kujairana nemamiriro ekunze akadzorwa, kugadziriswa zvakakodzera, kuyerwa nematekiniki akadzidziswa, uye zvobva zvadzorerwa kukugadzirwa. Kune kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvine zvikamu zvishoma, maitiro aya anogona kugadziriswa uye kutorwa muzvirongwa zvekugadzira. Asi kune makambani ebasa anobata zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, vagadziri vanogadzira magungano makuru aisagona kutamiswa nyore nyore, kana mashandiro anoda mhinduro nekukurumidza pakati pekugadzira nekuyera, modhi yechinyakare yakagadzira zvipingamupinyi zvaidzora throughput uye nguva yakareba yekutungamira.
Muchina wekuyera ma "handheld coordinate" wakabuda semhinduro yezvirambidzo izvi, uchipa kugona kwekuyera muchimiro chinotakurika chinogona kuiswa chero kupi kwaidiwa kuyerwa. Ma "CMM" emazuva ano anoshandisa matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana kuti akwanise kutakurwa uye kuchinjika. Masisitimu ekutevera ma "optical" anoshandisa makamera nema "reflectors" kutenderedza nzvimbo yema "wireless probes" munzvimbo ine mativi matatu, zvichiita kuti zviyero zvisave nezvirambidzo zvema "mechanical" zvechinyakare zvebhiriji kana ma "gantry architectures". Masisitimu e "arm" akagadzirwa ane ma "rotary joints" akawanda anobvumira vashandisi kuisa ma "probe tips" pane chero nzira, vachisvika pazvinhu zvisingagoneke kune michina ye "fixed-geometry". Masisitimu ane maonero anotarisa ma "handheld probes" kuburikidza nema "camera arrays" akaomarara, achichengetedza kurongeka kwekuyera uku achibvumira rusununguko rwakakwana rwekufamba-famba pa "workpiece".
Chinosiyanisa michina yekuyera inoshanda nemaoko inoshanda chaizvo kubva pakuedza kwekuyera kwakapfuura ndiko kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kururama kwegiredhi remetrology pasinei nematambudziko aripo munzvimbo dzemuchitoro. Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha, kudedera kubva kumidziyo iri pedyo, mamiriro akasiyana emwenje, uye nzira yekushanda zvese zvinounza manyuko anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwekuyera ayo angabviswa kana kuderedzwa murabhoritari inodzorwa. MaCMM epamusoro anobatwa nemaoko anotarisana nematambudziko aya kuburikidza nekutarisa kwakasimba, uko magirazi emaziso akaiswa pabasa kana pedyo nechinhu chiri kuyera anoramba achitevera chero mafambiro ari pakati pesystem yekuyera nechikamu chiri kuyerwa. Izvi zvinobvumira sisitimu kutsiva kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza munguva chaiyo, ichichengetedza kururama kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka.
Kushanda kwehunyanzvi uhwu pamabasa ekugadzira kwave kwakakura. Mainjiniya emhando yepamusoro ikozvino vanogona kuyera magungano makuru aripo, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekupatsanurwa nekugadziriswazve kwaizodiwa kuti zvikamu zviunzwe kuCMM yakatarwa. Vashandi vekugadzira vanogona kuona kuenderana kwehukuru nekukurumidza mushure mekushanda kwekugadzira, zvichideredza njodzi yekugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikamu zvisingatsungiririki dambudziko risati raonekwa. Mainjiniya ekugadzira vanogona kutora data rehukuru kubva kuma prototypes uye zvikamu zvekare zve reverse engineering pasina kunonoka uye logistics yekuyera murabhoritari. Muchina wekuyera we handheld coordinate wakashandura kuyerwa kubva pabasa rekugadzirisa kuita chinhu chakabatanidzwa chemaitiro ekugadzira.
Asi kuchinjika kunoita kuti maCMM anobatwa nemaoko ave anokosha zvikuru kunounzawo matambudziko ayo vashandisi vanofanira kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa. Muchina wekuyera wemhando yebhiriji unowana kururama kwawo kubva pachimiro chakasimba chakaiswa pahwaro hukuru, kazhinji granite surface plate inopa kugadzikana kwehukuru uye vibration damping. Kuenzanisa kwemuchina uye kubhadharisa kukanganisa kwakavakirwa pakufungidzira kuti chimiro ichi chereferensi chinoramba chakasimba nekufamba kwenguva. Kana zviyero zvikatorwa, zvinoitwa zvichienderana nesystem yekubatanidza muchina, iyo pachayo inotsanangurwa nechimiro chemuchina uye inosimbiswa kuburikidza nekuongororwa nguva nenguva zvichienderana nezvinodiwa.
Muchina wekuyera ma "coordinate" neruoko, zvakasiyana, hauunzi chimiro che "reference" chakadaro pakuyera. Sisitimu yekuyera ma "coordinate" inofanira kugadzirwa patsva pachikamu chega chega chekuyera, kazhinji nekubatanidza ma "reference features" ari pa "workpiece" pachayo kana kune "external reference artifacts" akaiswa pachinangwa ichi. Musiyano uyu mukuru une zvazvinoreva zvikuru pakuyera kwakarurama, kutevedzana, uye maitiro ese ekuyera. Pasina "reference plane" yakagadzikana yakasimbiswa kuburikidza nekuyera kwakakodzera, zviyero zvinotorwa ne "handheld device" zvinogona kunge zvakafanana mukati asi zvisingakwanise kuteverwa nezvinodiwa.
Apa ndipo panonyanya kukosha plate yekuyera pamusoro pechinhu kuti CMM ishande zvakanaka nemaoko. Kunyangwe tekinoroji yepamusoro yakabatanidzwa mumaitiro ekuyera anotakurika emazuva ano, achiri kuda zviyero zvekutarisa kuti zviyero zvavo zvigone kusimbiswa uye kuenzaniswa. Plate yekuyera pamusoro, yakanyatsogadzirwa kusvika yakatwasuka uye yakaganhurirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakaita seISO 8512 kana ASME B89.3.7, inopa izvi chaizvo. Plate yekuyera pamusoro yakaganhurirwa inoshanda senzvimbo huru yekutarisa iyo muchina wekuyera weruoko unogona kusimbisa kururama kwawo uye kuratidza kurongeka kwemitemo yenyika yekuyera.
Hukama huripo pakati peCMMs dzinobatwa nemaoko necalibrate surface plates hunoonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshanda. Vasati vatanga mabasa ekuyera zvakakosha, mainjiniya vanowanzoita ongororo yekusimbisa nekuyera zvinhu zvehukuru hunozivikanwa pacalibrate surface plate. Kuongorora uku kunosimbisa kuti system inobatwa nemaoko iri kushanda mukati mezvinodiwa uye kuti calibrate yayo inoramba ichishanda. Kana kusawirirana kukaonekwa, system inogona kugadziriswazve kana kudzoserwa kubasa kuti iongororwe zviyero zvisati zvatangazve. Maitiro aya ekusimbisa anonyanya kukosha kana maCMM anobatwa nemaoko achishandiswa kumaapplication anoda kunyatsojeka kana kuti mhedzisiro yekuyera ichashandiswa pakusarudza kugamuchira mhando.
Kuongororwa nguva nenguva kwemichina yekuyera macoordinate inobatwa nemaoko pachayo kunowanzoda calibrate surface plate sechikamu che calibrate procedure. ISO 10360 series of standards inotsanangura kugamuchirwa uye kuongororwazve kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yekuyera macoordinate, kusanganisira masystem anotakurika. Iyi bvunzo inosanganisira kuyera zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvine geometries nehukuru hunozivikanwa, uye zviyero zvinofanirwa kuteverwa kune zviyero zvenyika kuburikidza necheni isina kutyoka ye calibrate. Surface plates dzinoshandiswa mu calibrate procedure idzi dzinofanira kuenzaniswa nguva nenguva, nemabhajeti asina chokwadi akanyorwa anobatsira mukusaziva kwese kweCMM calibration.
Kukosha kwekushandisa ndiro yekuyera pamusoro ine maCMM anobatwa nemaoko kunopfuura mabasa ekugadzirisa epamutemo kusvika pakuita zvekuyera nguva dzose. Pakuyera kutsetseka, kufanana, kana humwe hunhu hwejometri hunoda nzvimbo yekuyera, ndiro yekuyera pamusoro inopa chiratidzo chekuti zvinhu zvebasa zvinogona kuongororwa sei. CMM inobatwa nemaoko inoyera mapoinzi ari pamusoro pendiro kuti ione nzvimbo yekuyera, yozoyera mapoinzi ari pamusoro pendiro maererano nechiratidzo ichi. Kururama kwezviyero zvinobva zvabuda kunoenderana zvakananga nekutsetseka uye mamiriro enzvimbo yekuyera yendiro yekuyera inoshandiswa sechiratidzo.
Vagadziri vanoshandisa michina yekuyera nemaoko vasina kunyatsoteerera mitemo yekutarisa uye zvinodiwa pakuongorora vanoisa pangozi yekuisa mari yavo pakuyera. Kuchinjika uye mabhenefiti ekumhanya kwekuyera kunogona kukanganiswa kana data rinobuda risina kururama uye kuteverwa kunodiwa pakusarudza mhando. Kuyera nekukurumidza asi kusina kunaka hakupi bhenefiti, uye kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kana zvikatungamira pakugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvisingashiviriri kana kurambwa kwezvikamu zvinoenderana. Iyo calibrate surface plate, kunyangwe iri nyore kana ichienzaniswa nesystem dzepamusoro dzekuyera dzemagetsi, inoramba iri chinhu chikuru chekuvimbika kwekuyera.
Zvinodiwa pakuyera mapuratifomu epamusoro mukushandiswa kweCMM nemaoko zvinotevedzera maitiro akajairwa ekuyera. Mapuratifomu epamusoro anofanirwa kuyera nguva nenguva yakatarwa nemitemo yakakodzera kana maitiro emhando yesangano, kazhinji gore rega rega kune mapuratifomu ari kushanda nguva dzose. Kuyera kunofanirwa kuitwa nema laboratories ekuyera ane mvumo ane hunyanzvi hunogona kuteverwa nemasangano ekuyera enyika. Chitupa chekuyera chinofanira kunyora kutsauka kwakapfava pamusoro pepuratifomu, kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera, uye mitemo inoshandiswa. Chero mapuratifomu epamusoro asingasvike pakushivirira kwakatemwa kwakatarwa anofanira kudzorerwa patsva kana kutsiviwa asati adzorerwa pabasa.
Kudzora nharaunda munzvimbo inoongororwa kunoramba kwakakosha kunyangwe kune mashandiro eCMM anobatwa nemaoko anogona kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kudzorwa zvakanyanya. Chidimbu chepamusoro chekugadzirisa chinoshandiswa kusimbisa nekugadzirisa masisitimu ekuyera anotakurika chinofanira kuiswa munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakagadzikana, inowanzo dzorwa kusvika kumadhigirii makumi maviri Celsius ine kushivirira kwakasimba pakuchinja kwetembiricha. Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha kunokanganisa zvese chidimbu chepamusoro neCMM chinobatwa nemaoko, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso mukuyera kwekugadzirisa izvo zvingakanganisa kushanda kwekugadzirisa. Kunyange zvazvo maCMM anobatwa nemaoko akagadzirirwa kutsungirira shanduko dzenharaunda dzinosangana nepasi pekugadzira, mabasa ekugadzirisa anoda mamiriro akanyanya kudzorwa anowanzobatanidzwa nekuyera kwakarurama.
Kufambira mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuyera michina inobatwa nemaoko iri kuramba ichiwedzera kugona kwayo uye mashandisirwo ayo, asi hazvina kubvisa misimboti yemetrology inotungamira kuyera kwese kwakarurama. Kutevedza mitemo inozivikanwa, kusimbisa mashandiro esystem yekuyera, uye kunyatsoteerera mitemo yekuyera zvichiri zvinhu zvakakosha pamhando yekuyera. Iyo calibrate surface plate, kwete kuti yave yekare netekinoroji yepamusoro yekuyera inotakurika, yave kukosha seyero yekuyera inoita kuti maCMM anobatwa nemaoko akwanise kuita vimbiso yavo yekuyera kwakarurama, kunoteverwa chero kwavanoda.
Masangano anogadzira zvinhu anoshandisa tekinoroji yeCMM inobatwa nemaoko anofanira kugadzira mapurogiramu akakwana ekutarisira masisitimu ekuyera anotarisa kugona kwemidziyo inotakurika uye zvinodiwa pakutsigira zvivakwa, kusanganisira zviyero zvekutarisa zvakagadziriswa. Kudzidziswa kwevashandi vanoshandisa maCMM anobatwa nemaoko hakufanirwe kungosanganisira mashandiro ehunyanzvi emidziyo chete asiwo kunzwisisa kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera, kuteverwa, uye basa rekutarisa mukuchengetedza kuvimbika kwekuyera. Maitiro ekutarisira mhando anofanirwa kutsanangura kuti kuyerwa kwekusimbisa kunoenderana nezviratidzo zvakagadziriswa kunodiwa riini uye kuti mamiriro ekutarisa anochengetwa uye kunyorwa sei.
Sezvo kugadzira zvinhu kuchiri kuramba kuchienderera mberi netsika yazvo yekuchinja-chinja, nguva dzinomhanya nekukurumidza, uye maitiro ekudzora mhando akabatanidzwa, basa remichina yekuyera inobatwa nemaoko icharamba ichikura. Zvishandiso izvi zvine simba zvakaratidza kugona kwazvo kushandura kuyerwa kubva pabasa rekurabhoritari rakakosha kuita chinhu chenguva dzose chekushanda kwekugadzira. Asi kushanda kwazvo kunoenderana nekushandiswa kwakakodzera kunoona kugona kwavo uye zvinodiwa zvavo. Iyo calibrate surface plate, inomira senzvimbo yakagadzikana yekutarisa yakasimbiswa kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomarara ekuenzanisa, inopa hwaro hwekuti kushanduka uye simba retekinoroji yeCMM inobatwa nemaoko zvinogona kuvakwa zvakavimbika. Mukushanduka kwekuyera panzvimbo, kubatana uku pakati petekinoroji yepamusoro inotakurika uye zviyero zvekutanga zvekutarisa zvinoratidza kuti hunyanzvi mu metrology hunovaka sei, pane kutsiva, misimboti inovimbisa kururama kwekuyera uye kutevedza.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-21-2026