Maitiro mapfumbamwe ekuumba akanyatsojeka e zirconia ceramics

Maitiro mapfumbamwe ekuumba akanyatsojeka e zirconia ceramics
Maitiro ekuumba ane basa rekubatanidza mugadziriro yese yezvinhu zveceramic, uye ndiyo kiyi yekuona kuti mashandiro azvo akavimbika uye kuti zvinhu zveceramic nezvikamu zvacho zvinodzokororwa kugadzirwa.
Nekukura kwenharaunda, nzira yechinyakare yekukanya nemaoko, nzira yekugadzira mavhiri, nzira yekukwesha, nezvimwewo zvezviumbwa zvesimbi zvechinyakare hazvichakwanisi kusangana nezvinodiwa nenzanga yemazuva ano zvekugadzira nekunatsiridza, saka maitiro matsva ekuumba akazvarwa. ZrO2 fine ceramic zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando 9 dzinotevera dzemaitiro ekuumba (mhando mbiri dzenzira dzakaoma uye mhando nomwe dzenzira dzakanyorova):

1. Kuumba kwakaoma

1.1 Kudzvanya kwakaoma

Kudzvanya kwakaoma kunoshandisa kudzvanya kudzvanya upfu hweceramic muchimiro chakati chemuviri. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti pasi pesimba rekunze, zvidimbu zveupfu zvinosangana muchimiro, uye zvinosanganiswa zvakasimba nekukweshana kwemukati kuti zvirambe zvakaita chimwe chimiro. Dambudziko guru mumiviri yakadzvanywa yakaoma ndeyekupararira, uko kunokonzerwa nekukweshana kwemukati pakati peupfu nekukweshana pakati peupfu nemadziro echiumbwa, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa mukati memuviri.

Zvakanakira zvekudzvanya nedry pressing ndezvekuti saizi yemuviri wegirini yakarurama, mashandiro acho ari nyore, uye zviri nyore kuita mashandiro emuchina; hunyoro nebinder zviri mu green dry pressing zvishoma, uye kuomesa nekupisa kushoma. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akareruka, uye aspect ratio idiki. Kuwedzera kwemari yekugadzira kunokonzerwa nekusakara kwemould ndiko kuipa kwekudzvanya nedry pressing.

1.2 Kudzvanya kweIsostatic

Kudzvanya kweIsostatic inzira yakakosha yekugadzira yakagadzirwa zvichibva pakudzvanya kwetsika kwakaoma. Inoshandisa kudzvanya kwemvura kuti ishandise kudzvanya zvakaenzana pahupfu huri mukati me elastic mold kubva kumativi ese. Nekuda kwekuenderana kwekudzvanya kwemukati memvura, hupfu hune kudzvanya kwakafanana kumativi ese, saka mutsauko muhuwandu hwegirinhi unogona kudzivirirwa.

Kudzvanya kweIsostatic kwakakamurwa kuita kudzvanya kwemvura mubhegi uye kudzvanya kwemvura mubhegi. Kudzvanya kwemvura mubhegi kunogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akaomarara, asi zvinogona kushanda nguva nenguva. Kudzvanya kwemvura mubhegi kunogona kuita otomatiki kushanda, asi kunogona chete kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akareruka akadai semativi mana, akatenderera, uye ane tubular. Kudzvanya kweIsostatic kunogona kuita kuti muviri wakafanana uye wakakora wegirini, uine kupwanya kudiki uye kupwanya kwakafanana munzira dzese, asi michina yacho yakaoma uye inodhura, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira hakuna kukwira, uye kwakakodzera chete kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine zvinodiwa zvakakosha.

2. Kuumbwa kwemvura

2.1 Kugadzira Gruing
Maitiro ekuumba jira rakaita serinogadzirwa netepi, musiyano ndewekuti maitiro ekuumba anosanganisira maitiro ekubvisa mvura mumuviri uye maitiro ekubatanidza makemikari. Kubvisa mvura mumuviri kunobvisa mvura iri mugomba kuburikidza nekushanda kwe capillary kwe gypsum mold ine maburi. Ca2+ inogadzirwa nekunyungudika kweCaSO4 pamusoro inowedzera simba re ionic regomba, zvichikonzera kutenderera kwegomba.
Pasi pekushanda kwekushaya mvura mumuviri uye kuomesesa kwemakemikari, zvidimbu zve ceramic powder zvinoiswa pamadziro e gypsum mold. Grouting yakakodzera kugadzirira zvikamu zvikuru zve ceramic zvine maumbirwo akaomarara, asi mhando yemuviri wegirini, kusanganisira chimiro, huwandu, simba, nezvimwewo, haina kunaka, simba revashandi rakakwira, uye harina kukodzera mashandiro ega.

2.2 Kukanda kwemafuta kunopisa
Kupisa kwemafuta ekugadzira (hot die casting) kunosanganisira kusanganisa upfu hweceramic ne binder (paraffin) patembiricha yakakwira (60~100℃) kuti pave neslurry yekupisa. Slurry inopinzwa musimbi pasi pesimba remhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye kumanikidzwa kunoenderera mberi. Ichitonhorera, ichibvisa wax kuti pave neslurry, wax isina chinhu inobviswa dewax pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweupfu husina simba kuti pave ne green body, uye green body inopiswa patembiricha yakakwira kuti ive porcelain.

Muviri wegirini unoumbwa nekupisa une saizi chaiyo, chimiro chemukati chakafanana, kusakara kwevhu uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, uye wakakodzera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kupisa kwetsvina yewakisi nevhu zvinoda kudzorwa zvakasimba, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa kana kuchinjika, saka hazvina kukodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvikuru, uye maitiro ekupfura ane matanho maviri akaoma uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakwira.

2.3 Kukanda tepi
Kugadzira tape kunosanganisira kusanganisa zvizere upfu hweceramic nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinosunga organic, mapurasitiki, zvinoparadzira, nezvimwewo kuti uwane slurry inoyerera, kuwedzera slurry muhopper yemuchina wekukanda, uye kushandisa scraper kudzora ukobvu. Inoyerera ichienda kubhandi rekufambisa nepaburi rekudyisa, uye firimu risina chinhu rinowanikwa mushure mekuoma.

Maitiro aya akakodzera kugadzirira zvinhu zvefirimu. Kuti zvive nyore kushandisa, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvipenyu hunowedzerwa, uye zvinodiwa kuti maitiro acho anyatso gadziriswa, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa zvikanganiso zvakaita sekukwesha, mitsetse, simba shoma refirimu kana kuoma kwekukwesha. Zvinhu zvipenyu zvinoshandiswa zvine chepfu uye zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kwenharaunda, uye sisitimu isina chepfu kana isina chepfu shoma inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya kuderedza kusvibiswa kwenharaunda.

2.4 Kuumbwa kwejekiseni reGel
Tekinoroji yekuumba jekiseni rejekiseni rejekiseni inzira itsva ye colloidal prototyping yakatanga kugadzirwa nevaongorori vekuOak Ridge National Laboratory kuma1990. Chinhu chikuru pairi kushandisa mhinduro dze organic monomer dzinoita polymer kuita ma gels ane simba guru, akabatana ne laterally polymer-solvent.

Dongo reupfu hweceramic hwakanyungudutswa mumushonga we organic monomers rinokandwa muforoma, uye musanganiswa we monomer unopomera kuita chikamu che gelled. Sezvo polymer-solvent yakabatana padivi ine 10%–20% (mass fraction) polymer chete, zviri nyore kubvisa solvent kubva muchikamu che gel nedanho rekuomesa. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekubatana kwe lateral kwema polymers, ma polymers haakwanise kufamba ne solvent panguva yekuomesa.

Nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zveceramic zvine chikamu chimwe chete uye zvakasanganiswa, zvinogona kugadzira zvikamu zveceramic zvine chimiro chakaoma, zvakakura se quasi-net, uye simba rayo regirini rinosvika 20-30Mpa kana kupfuura, izvo zvinogona kugadziriswazve. Dambudziko guru renzira iyi nderekuti mwero wekuderera kwemuviri we embryo wakakwira panguva yekuwanda, izvo zvinotungamira nyore nyore kukushanduka kwemuviri we embryo; mamwe ma monomers eorganic ane oxygen inhibition, izvo zvinoita kuti pamusoro payo pasuke uye pawire; nekuda kwe organic monomer polymerization process inokonzerwa nekupisa, zvichikonzera Kuveura tembiricha kunotungamira kuvepo kwekumanikidzwa kwemukati, izvo zvinoita kuti nzvimbo dzisina chinhu dziputsike nezvimwewo.

2.5 Kuumbwa kwejekiseni rekusimbisa zvakananga
Kugadzira majekiseni ekudzivirira zvakananga inzira yekugadzira yakagadzirwa neETH Zurich: mvura inonyungudutsa, upfu hweceramic uye zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zve organic zvinosanganiswa zvizere kuti zvigadzire slurry yakasimba, ine viscosity yakaderera, ine high-solid-content slurry, iyo inogona kuchinjwa nekuwedzera Slurry pH kana makemikari anowedzera huwandu hwe electrolyte, ipapo slurry inopinzwa mumold isina maburi.

Dzora kufambira mberi kwemaitiro emakemikari panguva yekushanda. Maitiro asati aitwa jekiseni anogadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma, viscosity yeslurry inochengetwa yakaderera, uye maitiro acho anokurumidziswa mushure mekuumbwa kwejekiseni, slurry inooma, uye slurry yemvura inoshandurwa kuita muviri wakasimba. Muviri wegirini wakawanikwa une hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye simba rinogona kusvika 5kPa. Muviri wegirini unobviswa, unoomeswa uye unopiswa kuti ugadzire chikamu checeramic chechimiro chaunoda.

Zvakanakira zvayo ndezvekuti haidi kana kuti inoda huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu zvinowedzerwa kubva muzvinhu zvakasikwa (zvisingasviki 1%), muviri wegirini haudi kubviswa mafuta, huwandu hwemuviri wegirini hwakaenzana, huwandu hwehuwandu hwakakwira (55% ~ 70%), uye inogona kugadzira zvikamu zveceramic zvakakura uye zvakaoma. Dambudziko rayo nderekuti zvinowedzerwa zvinodhura, uye gasi rinowanzo buritswa panguva yekuita.

2.6 Kugadzira jekiseni
Kugadzira jekiseni kwagara kuchishandiswa mukuumba zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki uye kugadzira mold dzesimbi. Maitiro aya anoshandisa thermoplastic organics inodziya tembiricha yakaderera kana thermosetting organics inodziya tembiricha yepamusoro. Hupfu nechinhu chinotakura organic zvinosanganiswa mumudziyo wakakosha wekusanganisa, uye zvobva zvapinzwa mumold pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (makumi kusvika mazana eMPa). Nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kukuru kwekuumba, maburi akawanikwa ane saizi chaiyo, kutsetseka kwakanyanya uye chimiro chakabatana; kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuumba yakakosha kunovandudza zvikuru kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.

Mukupera kwema1970 nekutanga kwema1980, nzira yekuumba majekiseni yakashandiswa pakuumba zvikamu zveceramic. Maitiro aya anoita kuti purasitiki igadzire zvinhu zvisina chinhu nekuwedzera huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasikwa, inova nzira yakajairika yekuumba mapurasitiki eceramic. Mu tekinoroji yekuumba majekiseni, kuwedzera pakushandisa thermoplastic organics (senge polyethylene, polystyrene), thermosetting organics (senge epoxy resin, phenolic resin), kana mapolymer anonyungudika mumvura senzira huru yekubatanidza, zvakakosha kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatsira mukugadzira majekiseni zvakaita semaplasticizers, mafuta ekuwedzera uye ma coupling agents kuti ceramic injection suspension irambe ichiyerera uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti muviri we injection molded uri mumhando yepamusoro.

Maitiro ekuumba majekiseni ane zvakanakira zvemhando yepamusoro ye otomatiki uye saizi chaiyo yechinhu chisina chinhu chekuumba. Zvisinei, huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa muchimiro chegirinhi chezvikamu zveceramic zvakaumbwa nemajekiseni hwakakwira kusvika ku50vol%. Zvinotora nguva yakareba, kunyangwe mazuva akati wandei kusvika kumazuva makumi maviri, kubvisa zvinhu izvi zvakasikwa mukuita kwekupisa kunotevera, uye zviri nyore kukonzera zvikanganiso zvemhando.

2.7 Kuumbwa kwejekiseni reColloidal
Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko ehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvakawedzerwa uye kuoma kwekubvisa matambudziko ari mukuita kwekugadzira majekiseni echinyakare, Tsinghua University yakaronga nenzira yehunyanzvi nzira itsva yekuumba majekiseni ecolloidal, uye yakagadzira yega prototype yekuumba majekiseni ecolloidal kuti iite jekiseni rekugadzira majekiseni eceramic asina kubereka.

Pfungwa huru ndeyekubatanidza colloidal molding ne injection molding, uchishandisa michina yekuzvibaya yega uye tekinoroji itsva yekurapa inopihwa ne colloidal in-situ solidification molding process. Maitiro matsva aya anoshandisa isingasviki 4wt.% yezvinhu zvipenyu. Huwandu hushoma hwe organic monomers kana organic compounds mumvura inoshandiswa kukurumidza kukonzera polymerization ye organic monomers mushure mekupinza mu mold kuti igadzire organic network skeleton, iyo inoputira zvakaenzana ceramic powder. Pakati pavo, kwete nguva yekubvisa gumming chete inopfupikiswa zvakanyanya, asiwo mukana wekuputika kwekubvisa gumming unoderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Pane musiyano mukuru pakati pekuumbwa kwesimbi dzeceramics ne colloidal molding. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti yekutanga ndeyemhando yepurasitiki, uye yekupedzisira ndeye slurry molding, kureva kuti, slurry haina plasticity uye ichinhu chisina kubereka. Nekuti slurry haina plasticity mu colloidal molding, pfungwa yechinyakare ye ceramic injection molding haigone kushandiswa. Kana colloidal molding ikabatanidzwa ne injection molding, colloidal injection molding yezvinhu zveceramic inowanikwa nekushandisa michina ye injection chaiyo uye tekinoroji itsva yekurapa inopihwa ne colloidal in-situ molding process.

Maitiro matsva ekugadzira maceramics emhando yecolloidal akasiyana nekugadzira maceramics emhando yecolloidal uye kugadzira maceramics echinyakare. Kubatsira kwekugadzira maceramics emhando yepamusoro ndiko kushandiswa kwemhando yepamusoro kwekugadzira maceramics emhando yepamusoro, izvo zvichave tariro yekuvandudza maindasitiri ekugadzira maceramics emhando yepamusoro.