Zvipfumbamwe zvekuumba maitiro e zirconia ceramics

Zvipfumbamwe zvekuumba maitiro e zirconia ceramics
Iyo yekuumba maitiro inoita basa rekubatanidza mune yese gadziriro yekugadzira zvinhu zveceramic, uye ndiyo kiyi yekuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekuita uye kudzokororwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveceramic uye zvikamu.
Nekuvandudzwa kwevanhu, nzira yechinyakare yekukanya maoko, nzira yekugadzira mavhiri, grouting nzira, nezvimwe zvemakeramiki echinyakare hazvichakwanisi kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nenzanga yemazuva ano pakugadzira nekunatsa, saka nzira itsva yekuumba yakazvarwa.ZrO2 yakanaka ceramic zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando 9 dzinotevera dzemaitiro ekuumba (2 marudzi emhando dzakaoma uye 7 marudzi enzira dzekunyorova):

1. Dry molding

1.1 Dry kudzvanya

Dry kudzvanya kunoshandisa kudzvanya kudzvanya ceramic poda mune imwe chimiro chemuviri.Mhedzisiro yaro ndeyokuti pasi pekuita kwesimba rekunze, hupfu hwehupfu hunoswedera kune imwe neimwe mu mold, uye hunobatanidzwa zvakasimba nekuputika kwemukati kuchengetedza chimwe chimiro.Chikanganiso chikuru mumitumbi yakasvibirira yakaoma-yakatsikirirwa ndeye spallation, iyo inokonzerwa nekukakavadzana kwemukati pakati pehupfu uye kupesana pakati pehupfu uye rusvingo rwekuumbwa, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa mukati memuviri.

Zvakanakira zvekudzvanya kwakaoma ndezvekuti saizi yegirinhi yemuviri ndeyechokwadi, kushanda kuri nyore, uye zviri nyore kuona mechanized mashandiro;izvo zviri mukati mehunyoro uye binder mune yakasvibirira yakaoma kudzvanya ishoma, uye kuomeswa nekupfuta shrinkage idiki.Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akareruka, uye chikamu chechiyero idiki.Iyo yakawedzera mutengo wekugadzira unokonzerwa nekupfeka kwe mold ndiko kusakosha kwekudzvanya kwakaoma.

1.2 Isostatic kudzvanya

Isostatic kudzvanya inzira yakakosha yekugadzira yakagadziridzwa pahwaro hwechinyakare yakaoma kudzvanya.Inoshandisa fluid transmission pressure kuti ishandise kumanikidzika zvakaenzana kune poda mukati me elastic mold kubva kumativi ose.Pamusana pekusagadzikana kwemukati wekumanikidzwa kwemvura, poda inotakura kudzvinyirira kwakafanana kumativi ose, saka kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemuviri wakasvibirira unogona kudziviswa.

Isostatic kudzvanya yakakamurwa kuita bhegi nyoro isostatic kudzvanya uye yakaoma bhegi isostatic kudzvanya.Wet bag isostatic kudzvanya kunogona kuumba zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akaomarara, asi zvinogona kungoshanda nepakati.Dry bag isostatic pressing inogona kuona otomatiki inoenderera mberi kushanda, asi inogona chete kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akareruka senge sikweya, denderedzwa, uye tubular muchinjiko-zvikamu.Isostatic pressing inogona kuwana yunifomu uye yakasvibirira muviri wakasvibira, ine diki yekupfura uye shrinkage yunifomu kumativi ese, asi michina yakaoma uye inodhura, uye kugona kwekugadzira hakuna kukwirira, uye inokodzera chete kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine zvakakosha. zvinodiwa.

2. Kuumbwa kwemvura

2.1 Grouting
Iyo grouting molding process yakafanana nekukanda tepi, mutsauko ndewekuti maitiro ekuumba anosanganisira emuviri dehydration process uye kemikari coagulation process.Kupera kwemuviri kunobvisa mvura mu slurry kuburikidza ne capillary chiito che porous gypsum mold.Iyo Ca2 + inogadzirwa nekuparara kwepamusoro CaSO4 inowedzera ionic simba re slurry, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwe slurry.
Pasi pekuita kwekudonha kwemuviri uye makemikari coagulation, iyo ceramic poda zvimedu zvinoiswa pamadziro egypsum mold.Grouting inokodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakura zveceramic zvine maumbirwo akaomarara, asi mhando yemuviri yakasvibira, kusanganisira chimiro, density, simba, nezvimwewo, yakashata, kusimba kwevashandi kwakakwira, uye haina kukodzera. zve automated operations.

2.2 Kupisa kufa kunopisa
Kupisa kufa kwekukanda ndiko kusanganisa ceramic hupfu nebinder (parafini) pane yakanyanya tembiricha (60 ~ 100 ℃) kuwana slurry yekukandira kufa kunopisa.Iyo slurry inopinzwa musimbi mold pasi pekuita kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye kudzvanywa kunochengetwa.Kutonhodza, kudhonzwa kuti pawane wakisi isina chinhu, wakisi isina chinhu inobviswa wakisi pasi pedziviriro yehupfu inert kuti iwane muviri wegirinhi, uye muviri wakasvibira unopiswa pakupisa kwepamusoro kuita porcelain.

Muviri wakasvibira wakagadzirwa nekukandira kufa kunopisa une hukuru chaihwo, yunifomu yemukati chimiro, kushoma mold kupfeka uye kushanda kwepamusoro kwekugadzira, uye inokodzera zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana.Tembiricha yewax slurry uye mold inoda kunyatsodzorwa, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa pasi pejekiseni kana deformation, saka haina kukodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvakakura, uye nhanho mbiri dzekupfura dzakaomarara uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakwira.

2.3 Kukanda tepi
Tape casting ndeyekusanganisa zvizere ceramic poda nehuwandu hukuru hwe organic binders, plasticizers, dispersants, etc. kuti uwane inoyerera viscous slurry, kuwedzera slurry kune hopper yemuchina wekukanda, uye shandisa scraper kudzora ukobvu.Inoyerera ichienda kune bhandi rekutakura kuburikidza nemupfudze wekudya, uye iyo firimu isina chinhu inowanikwa mushure mekuoma.

Iyi nzira yakakodzera kugadzirirwa kwezvinhu zvemufirimu.Kuti uwane kuchinjika kuri nani, huwandu hukuru hwe organic matter hunowedzerwa, uye maitiro paramita anodiwa kuti anyatso kudzora, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa kuremara senge peeling, mitsetse, yakaderera firimu simba kana yakaoma peeling.Iyo organic matter inoshandiswa ine muchetura uye inokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye isiri-chepfu kana ine muchetura system inofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

2.4 Gel jekiseni kuumba
Gel jekiseni rekuumba tekinoroji inyowani colloidal inokurumidza prototyping process yakatanga kugadzirwa nevatsvaguri veOak Ridge National Laboratory mukutanga kwema1990.Papakati payo ndiko kushandiswa kweiyo organic monomer mhinduro iyo polymerize kuita yakakwirira-simba, laterally yakabatana polymer-solvent gels.

Iyo slurry yeceramic poda yakanyungudutswa mune mhinduro ye organic monomers inokandwa muforoma, uye musanganiswa wemonomeri unopolima kuita chikamu chegelled.Sezvo iyo laterally yakabatana polymer-solvent ine chete 10% -20% (mass chikamu) polymer, zviri nyore kubvisa solvent kubva muchikamu chegel nedanho rekuomesa.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekubatana kwepashure kwemapolymers, mapolymers haakwanise kutama nezvinonyungudutsa panguva yekuomesa.

Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kugadzira imwe-chikamu uye composite Ceramic zvikamu, izvo zvinogona kuumba yakaoma-yakaumbwa, quasi-mambure-saizi ceramic zvikamu, uye simba rayo rakasvibira rakareba se20-30Mpa kana kupfuura, iyo inogona kudzokororwa.Dambudziko guru reiyi nzira nderekuti shrinkage rate ye embryo body yakakwira zvakanyanya panguva ye densification process, iyo inotungamira nyore ku deformation ye embryo body;mamwe ma organic monomers ane okisijeni inhibition, iyo inokonzera kuti pamusoro pevhu uye kudonha;nekuda kwekushisa-induced organic monomer polymerization process, zvichikonzera Temperature shaving inotungamira kune kuvepo kwekushushikana kwemukati, izvo zvinoita kuti ma blanks aputswe uye zvichingodaro.

2.5 Yakananga kusimba jekiseni kuumba
Direct solidification jekiseni kuumba tekinoroji yekuumba yakagadziridzwa neETH Zurich: mvura inonyungudutsa, ceramic poda uye organic additives zvakasanganiswa zvizere kuti zvigadzire electrostatically stable, low-viscosity, high-solid-content slurry, inogona kuchinjwa nekuwedzera Slurry pH kana makemikari. iyo inowedzera electrolyte concentration, ipapo slurry inobaiwa mune isiri-porous mold.

Dzora kufambira mberi kwemaitiro emakemikari panguva yekuita.Kuita kusati kwaumbwa jekiseni kunoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo viscosity ye slurry inochengetwa yakaderera, uye maitiro anokwidziridzwa mushure mekuumbwa kwejekiseni, slurry inoomesa, uye slurry yemvura inoshandurwa kuita muviri wakasimba.Muviri wakasvibira wakawanikwa une yakanaka mechanical zvivakwa uye simba rinogona kusvika 5kPa.Muviri wakasvibira unoderedzwa, wakaomeswa uye wakanyungudutswa kuti uite chikamu checeramic chechimiro chaidiwa.

Zvakanakira kuti haidi kana kuti inongoda zvishoma zvekuwedzera organic (zvisingasviki 1%), iyo yakasvibira muviri haidi kudzikisira, iyo yakasvibira muviri density iyunifomu, hukama hwehukama hwakakwira (55% ~ 70%), uye inogona kuumba yakakura-saizi uye yakaoma-yakaumbwa-yakaumbwa zvikamu zveceramic.Kukanganisa kwayo ndeyekuti izvo zvinowedzera zvinodhura, uye gasi rinowanzo kuburitswa panguva yekuita.

2.6 Jekiseni kuumba
Jekiseni molding yakagara ichishandiswa mukuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki uye kuumbwa kwesimbi molds.Iyi nzira inoshandisa yakadzika tembiricha kurapwa kwe thermoplastic organics kana yakanyanya tembiricha kurapa kwe thermosetting organics.Iyo poda uye organic carrier inosanganiswa mune yakakosha yekusanganisa midziyo, uye yobva yaiswa muforoma pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (makumi kusvika kumazana eMPa).Nekuda kwekumanikidza kukuru kwekuumbwa, ma blanks akawanikwa ane chaiwo madhiri, kutsetseka kwepamusoro uye compact chimiro;kushandiswa kwemichina yakakosha yekuumba inovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekugadzira.

Mukupera kwema1970 uye kutanga kwema1980, nzira yekuumba jekiseni yakashandiswa pakuumbwa kwezvikamu zveceramic.Iyi nzira inoona kuumbwa kwepurasitiki yezvinhu zvisingabereki nekuwedzera huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvehupenyu, inova yakajairika ceramic plastiki molding process.Mune tekinoroji yekuumba majekiseni, pamusoro pekushandisa thermoplastic organics (senge polyethylene, polystyrene), thermosetting organics (senge epoxy resin, phenolic resin), kana anonyungudika mumvura mapolymer seanosunga, zvakakosha kuti uwedzere humwe Huwandu hwekuita. zviyamuro zvakaita semapurasitiki, mafuta ekuzora uye majekiseni ekubatanidza kuvandudza kuyerera kweiyo ceramic jekiseni kumiswa uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yemuviri wakaumbwa jekiseni.

Iyo jekiseni molding process ine zvakanakira yakakwira degree re automation uye saizi chaiyo yekuumba isina chinhu.Nekudaro, iyo organic yemukati mune yakasvibira muviri wejekiseni-yakaumbwa ceramic zvikamu zvakakwirira se50vol%.Zvinotora nguva yakareba, kunyangwe mazuva akati wandei kusvika kumakumi emazuva, kubvisa izvi organic zvinhu mune inotevera sintering process, uye zviri nyore kukonzera hurema hwemhando.

2.7 Colloidal jekiseni kuumba
Kuti agadzirise matambudziko ehuwandu hwakakura hwezvinhu zvakawedzerwa uye kuomerwa kwekubvisa kuomerwa kwechinyakare jekiseni kuumba maitiro, Tsinghua University nehunyanzvi yakaronga nzira nyowani yekuumbwa kwecolloidal jekiseni remakeramiki, uye yakazvimiririra yakagadzira colloidal jekiseni rekugadzira prototype. kuona jekiseni rekusabereka ceramic slurry.kuumba.

Pfungwa huru ndeyekubatanidza colloidal molding nekuumbwa kwejekiseni, uchishandisa midziyo yejekiseni uye tekinoroji nyowani yekurapa inopihwa neiyo colloidal in-situ solidification molding process.Iyi nzira itsva inoshandisa isingasviki 4wt.% ye organic matter.Chishoma che organic monomers kana organic compounds mumvura-based suspension inoshandiswa kukurumidza kukurudzira polymerization ye organic monomers mushure mejekiseni muforoma kuti igadzire organic network skeleton, iyo inoputira zvakaenzana hupfu hweceramic.Pakati pavo, kwete chete nguva ye degumming inopfupiswa zvikuru, asiwo mukana wekuputika kwe degumming wakaderedzwa zvikuru.

Pane musiyano muhombe pakati pejekiseni rekuumbwa kweceramics uye colloidal molding.Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti iyo yekutanga ndeye chikamu chekuumbwa kwepurasitiki, uye iyo yekupedzisira ndeye slurry molding, ndiko kuti, iyo slurry haina plasticity uye isingabereki zvinhu.Nekuti iyo slurry haina plasticity mukuumbwa kwecolloidal, iyo yechinyakare pfungwa yekuumbwa kweceramic jekiseni haigone kugamuchirwa.Kana kuumbwa kwecolloidal kwakasanganiswa nekuumbwa kwejekiseni, colloidal jekiseni rekuumbwa kwezvinhu zveceramic rinoonekwa nekushandisa midziyo yejekiseni yevaridzi uye tekinoroji nyowani yekurapa inopihwa necolloidal in-situ molding process.

Iyo itsva maitiro e colloidal jekiseni kuumbwa kweceramics yakasiyana neyakajairwa colloidal molding uye yechinyakare jekiseni molding.Iyo mukana weiyo yakakwira dhigirii yekuumba otomatiki ndeyemhando sublimation yeiyo colloidal molding process, inova iyo tariro yeindasitiri yemaindasitiri epamusoro-tech ceramics.