Kana wakambofamba nemunzvimbo yekugadzira zvinhu nemazvo, murabhoritari yekuenzanisa, kana mukamuri rekudzora mhando yendege, ungangove wakaona granite surface plate ichishanda. Aya ma slabs ematombo echisikigo akaremara, akasviba ari pakati pe dimensional metrology, achishanda senzvimbo yekutanga yekutarisa iyo kuyerwa kusingaverengeki kunotorwa zuva rega rega. Height gauges dziri paari. Dial indicators inoenzanisa kuverenga kwadzo. Coordinate measuring machines anoashandisa se datum surfaces. Mumaindasitiri umo micron yekukanganisa inogona kureva musiyano pakati pechinhu chendege chinobudirira nekukundikana, granite surface plate haisi chinhu chisiri kunze kwe "datum of truth."
Asi pasinei nekukosha kwazvo, mapurati epamusoro egranite achiri asinganzwisisike kune vatengi vazhinji uye kunyange kune mamwe mainjiniya anoashandisa zuva nezuva. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzo vhiringidza isystem yekuyera. Chii chaizvo chinorehwa neGiredhi 00? Chinosiyana sei neGiredhi 0 kana Giredhi 1? Unofanira kusarudza rimwe riini pane rimwe? Giredhi repamusoro rinogara riri nani here? Aya ndiwo chaiwo mibvunzo inopindurwa nechinyorwa chino nemutauro wakajeka uye unoshanda.
Kuyera nemazvo ibasa rekugadzirisa kusava nechokwadi. Nguva imwe neimwe nyanzvi painoisa gauge pamusoro peplate uye inonyora kuverenga, kuverenga ikoko kunongovimbika senzvimbo yekutarisa iri pasi payo. Kana plate yacho pachayo ikatsauka kubva pane yakakwana nema micron akati wandei, ma micron iwayo anowedzera zvakananga kune kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera. Munyika umo machining tolerances dzemazuva ano dzinogara dzichida kururama kwema micron ane nhamba imwe chete, plate yepamusoro "iri pedyo zvakakwana" inogona kunge isisiri pedyo zvakakwana zvachose.
Apa ndipo panopinda magiredhi ekunyatsojeka. Giredhi rekunyatsojeka imhando yezvikamu zvinokuudza musiyano mukuru unobvumidzwa kubva pakutsetseka kweplate yepamusoro, zvichibva pahukuru hwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo. Giredhi harisi rekusarudza; rinotsanangurwa nemitemo inozivikanwa pasi rose inotsanangura kukosha kwekushivirira, nzira dzekuyedza, uye zvinodiwa nezvinhu. Kunzwisisa magiredhi aya kwakakosha kune chero munhu ane basa rekusarudza michina yekuyera, kugadzira maitiro ekudzora mhando, kana kuona kuti mitemo yeindasitiri inoenderana.
Muyero wepasi rose unonyanya kutaurwa nezvawo wegranite surface plates iISO 8512-2, une musoro unoti “Surface plates — Chikamu 2: Granite.” Yakaburitswa neInternational Organisation for Standardization, mwero uyu unotsanangura zvinodiwa zvegranite surface plates dzine rectangular kana square square kubva pa160 mm ne100 mm kusvika 2500 mm ne1600 mm. Unoratidza mamakisi mana ekururama: Giredhi 0, Giredhi 1, Giredhi 2, uye Giredhi 3, neGiredhi 0 ichimiririra kunyatsojeka uye Giredhi 3 ndiyo inobvumidza zvakanyanya.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, chiyero cheGerman DIN 876 chinoshandisa notation yakasiyana zvishoma inosanganisira Giredhi 00 pamusoro peGiredhi 0. Sisitimu iyi inowanikwa muEurope neAsia, uko vagadziri vanowanzo tsanangura maplate seGiredhi 00, 0, 1, kana 2. Zita reGiredhi 00 rinomiririra kushivirira kwakanyanya kupfuura Giredhi 0, richisvika padanho rekururama kunodiwa mumarabhoritari ekutanga ekugadzirisa uko mitemo yenyika yekuyera inochengetwa.
Mhiri kweAtlantic, musika wekuAmerica wagara uchivimba neFederal Specification GGG-P-463c nemutsivi wayo, ASME B89.3.7-2013. Magwaro aya anotsanangura magiredhi matatu anonzi AA, A, naB, uko Giredhi AA riri chiyero cherabhoritari, Giredhi A riri chiyero chekuongorora, uye Giredhi B ndiro chiyero chemidziyo kana chechitoro. Mukutaura kwakajeka, Giredhi AA rinoenderana neGiredhi 00 pasi peDIN, Giredhi A rinoenderana neGiredhi 0, uye Giredhi B rinoenderana neGiredhi 1. Kunyange zvazvo kukosha kwekutsungirira chaiko kungasiyana zvishoma nekuda kwekushandurwa kwemayuniti uye kutenderera, hutungamiriri hwepfungwa hunoenderana pamatanho ese makuru.
Usati watanga kuongorora magiredhi chaiwo, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kururama kweplate yepamusoro kunosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana asi zvakakosha zvakaenzana. Chekutanga kusatana, zvinoreva kutsauka kukuru kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwana pamusoro penzvimbo yese yekushanda. Chechipiri kusatana kwenzvimbo, dzimwe nguva kunonzi kuverengazve. Izvi zvinoyera kuti nzvimbo yacho inosiyana sei mukati menzvimbo diki ye250 mm ne250 mm.
Zviyero zvese zviri zviviri zvinokosha zvikuru mukushanda. Funga nezvechiitiko apo plate yepamusoro inosangana nezvinodiwa zvese zvekusatsetseka asi ine kutenderera kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo. Kana geji yekukwirira ikaiswa pane imwe nzvimbo yeplate, inogona kugara pamusoro, nepo workpiece yakayerwa iri pedyo iri mubani. Chikanganiso chekuyera chinogona kunge chakakura kupfuura zvingataurwa kuti tendero yacho inogona kunge yakakura. Ndosaka vagadziri vane mukurumbira uye marabhoritari ekugadzirisa vachisimbisa plates vachipesana nezvinodiwa zvese zvekusatsetseka uye zvekusiyana kwenzvimbo.
Giredhi 00 inomiririra musimboti wekugadzirwa kwemapureti epamusoro egranite ekutengeserana. Mapureti aya akagadzirwa kuti ashandiswe munzvimbo dzinodzorwa uko tembiricha, hunyoro, uye kudedera zvinodzorwa zvakanyanya. Iwe uchawana mapureti eGiredhi 00 mumasangano emetrology enyika, ma laboratories ekutanga ekuongorora, uye nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzakanyatsojeka uko kushivirira kunoyerwa muzvikamu zve sub-micron.
Kushivirira kweganda rakatsetseka remaplate eGiredhi 00 ndiko kwakanyanya kudiwa kupfuura chero plate yegranite inowanikwa kutengeswa. Kune plate yakajairika ye630 mm ne630 mm, kushivirira kweganda rakatsetseka kunoderera kusvika kuma microns mana, nepo kushivirira kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo ye250 mm ne250 mm hakufanirwe kudarika ma microns matatu. Kuti tinzwisise izvi, bvudzi remunhu rine avhareji ye70 microns mudhayamita. Maplate eGiredhi 00 akatsetseka kusvika mukati mechikamu chimwe chete nemakumi maviri chebvudzi remunhu pamusoro paro pese.
Kuti uwane nhanho iyi yekunyatsojeka zvinoda kugadzirwa nekungwarira kukuru. Granite isina kugadzirwa inofanira kusarudzwa kuti igoverwe zvakaenzana, isanyanya kumanikidzwa mukati, uye kuti iome zvakanyanya. Mushure mekucheka nekukuya kwekutanga, ndiro yacho inoiswa kwenguva yakareba apo mainjiniya vane hunyanzvi vanobvisa zvishoma nezvishoma nzvimbo dzakakwirira dze microscopic vachishandisa zvinhu zvinoderedza kusimba. Maitiro aya anogona kutora nguva yakareba kupfuura kugadzira ndiro yeGiredhi 0. Mushure mekuiisa, ndiro yega yega yeGiredhi 00 inoongororwa zvakasimba uchishandisa mazinga emagetsi, laser interferometers, kana autocollimators kuti vaone kuti zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
Mashandisirwo emaplate eGiredhi 00 akagadzirwa nehunyanzvi uye anowanzo kuve akakosha. Anoshanda senzvimbo dzekutarisa pakuenzanisa mimwe mitemo yekuyera, pakuita calibrations ye interferometric yezvikamu zve optical, uye pakutsigira michina yekuyera yakabatana mukugadzira semiconductor neaerospace. Kushandisa plate yeGiredhi 00 kudzora mhando dzezvinhu pachitoro kwakafanana nekushandisa chikero cherabhoritari chakarurama kuyera mabhegi ezvekudya - zvinoshamisa asi zvisingadiwi.
Giredhi 0 rinotora nzvimbo yepakati pakati pekukwana kwerabhoritari uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchitoro. Aya maplate egiredhi rekuongorora ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira nemazvo, anoonekwa mumarabhoritari ekudzora mhando, nzvimbo dzekuongorora dzekupedzisira, uye nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzinoshivirira zvakanyanya pasi rese. Anopa kururama kwakakwana kumabasa mazhinji ekuyera maindasitiri uku achiramba akasimba zvakakwana kuti ashande zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zuva nezuva.
Pahukuru hweplate ye630 mm ne630 mm, zvirevo zveGiredhi 0 zvinowanzo bvumidza kushivirira kwakazara kwe5 microns uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo kwe3.5 microns kune chero nzvimbo ye250 mm ne250 mm. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisinganyanyi kuoma pane Giredhi 00, zvichiri kumirira nzvimbo yakati sandara - yakati sandara kupfuura chero chikamu chesimbi chakagadzirwa nemuchina chingagadzirwa pasina kukuya kwakanyatsogadzirwa.
Mabhenefiti anoshanda emaplate eGiredhi 0 anopfuura magadzirirwo awo chaiwo. Haanyanyi kunetseka nekuchinja-chinja kudiki kwezvakatipoteredza kupfuura maplate eGiredhi 00, zvichiita kuti ave akakodzera nzvimbo dzisina kudzora tembiricha zvachose. Anochengetedza kururama kwawo zvakanaka pasi pematanho ekutakura nekuburitsa zvinhu anowanzoitwa munzvimbo dzekuongorora kugadzirwa. Uye nekuti maitiro ekubatanidza maplate haana kunyanya kuoma, anowanikwa pamitengo iri nyore asi achiri kupa kuvimbika kwehunyanzvi.
Mapureti eGiredhi 0 ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa pazviteshi zvekudzora hunhu, kusimbiswa kwezvikamu zvakagadzirwa nemashini zvinopesana nekushivirirana kweinjiniya, uye kuongororwa kwekupedzisira kwekubatanidza muindasitiri dzakadai sekugadzira mota, kugadzira zvishandiso zvekurapa, uye kugadzira michina chaiyo. Kana kushivirira kwako kwakayerwa muma microns uye bhajeti rako rekusaziva chiyero rakamanikana asi risiri rakanyanyisa, Giredhi 0 kazhinji ndiyo mhinduro chaiyo. Inopa mukana wekuchengetedza wakakosha kupfuura kushivirirana kwekugadzira kwakawanda pasina kubhadhara mutengo wepamusoro uye kunzwisiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kweGiredhi 00.
Giredhi 1, dzimwe nguva rinonzi toolroom grade, rakagadzirirwa basa rekutarisa kugadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwakawanda munzvimbo dzekugadzira. Maplate aya anorasikirwa nekunyatsojeka kwekutsetseka kuti agare kwenguva refu uye achengetedze mari, zvichiita kuti akwane pasi pezvitoro nemaworkshop uko mabasa ekuyera asingade kunyatsojeka kwe-sub-micron asi achiri kuda nzvimbo yakavimbika yekunongedzera.
Pureti yeGiredhi 1 ine 630 mm ne630 mm inowanzo takura kusimba kweanenge ma microns gumi uye kusimba kwe7 microns munzvimbo ipi neipi ye250 mm ne250 mm. Izvi zvichiri kusimba zvinoshamisa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, asi zvinomiririra danho rinooneka kubva paGiredhi 0. Kana tichienzanisa, bepa rakajairika rine ukobvu hwema microns angangoita 100. Pureti yeGiredhi 1 inogona kusiyana kubva pakusimba kwakakwana nechikamu chimwe mugumi chepepa pamusoro payo yese.
Mapureti eGiredhi 1 anowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira nekumaka, kuongorora zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nemashini, kugadzira majig nemidziyo, uye kuongorora kugadzirwa kwakajairika uko kushivirira kunoyerwa muzvikamu zve milimita imwe kwete muma microns. Akanyatsokodzera nzvimbo dzisina kudzorwa zvakanaka, uko kushivirira kwakakura zvishoma kunopa dziviriro inoshanda pakuchinja kudiki kwekushisa uye kupfeka kwenzvimbo.
Migumisiro inoshanda yekusarudza giredhi rimwe pane rimwe inova pachena kana uchifunga kuti zvikanganiso zvekusatsetseka zvinopararira sei kuburikidza necheni yekuyera. Kuyerwa kwese kunotorwa paplate yepamusoro kunotakura kusatsetseka kweplate semupiro wekutanga. Kana uri kushanda neplate yeGiredhi 0 ine 5-micron flatness tolerance tolerance uye ukabatanidza izvozvo negeji yekukwirira ine 3-micron measurement definition, kusatsetseka kwako kwese usati watomboyera workpiece kwava kusvika kuma microns masere. Kana kutsungirira kwechikamu chako kuri 20 microns, une mukana wekuchengetedza wakakodzera. Kana iri 10 microns, watova mumatambudziko.
Kupararira kwekusaziva ndiko kunoita kuti mutemo wepamusoro mukugadzira zvinhu nemazvo uve wekusarudza plate yepamusoro ine kushivirira kwakapfava kusingamiriri chikamu chimwe muzvishanu kusvika chikamu chimwe mugumi chekutsungirira kwebasa rauri kuedza kusimbisa. Hazvirevi kuti plate yepamusoro inogadzira zviyero zviri nani yoga; asi kuti mupiro wakaderera wekusaziva kubva kuplate yepamusoro unokupa mukana wekuwedzera bhajeti rako rekusaziva rekuyera.
Kusarudza pakati peGiredhi 00, Giredhi 0, neGiredhi 1 pakupedzisira chisarudzo chinotungamirirwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvikuru: zvinodiwa nemazvo pamabasa ako ekuyera, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza enzvimbo yako, uye bhajeti yako iripo.
Kana muchishandisa rabhoritari yekuongorora kana nzvimbo yekugadzira zvinhu nemazvo uko kushivirira kunoyerwa muzvikamu zve sub-micron uye nharaunda yenyu inodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze, Giredhi 00 ndiyo sarudzo yakakodzera. Mari yacho inotsigirwa nepfungwa huru yezviyero zvenyu uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekutevedzera mitemo zvamunofanira kuzadzisa.
Kana ukaita basa rekugadzira nemazvo uko ma tolerances anowanzova pakati pe10 kusvika 50 microns, kwaunoita ongororo dzekupedzisira uye kuongorora mhando, uye kwaunoda workhorse yakavimbika isingade kudzora zvakanyanya zvakatipoteredza, Giredhi 0 ndiyo sarudzo chaiyo. Inopa kunyatsojeka kunodiwa nemashandisirwo emaindasitiri pasina kunyanya kutsanangura mabasa asingade.
Kana zvaunoda zviri zvekuronga, kutara, kuongorora kwekutanga, kana kutarisa kugadzirwa uko kushivirira kunoyerwa muzvikamu zvemamirimita, mapurati eGiredhi 1 anopa kukosha kwakanaka. Akasimba, anokwanisika kutenga, uye akanyatsokodzera mabasa mazhinji eworkshop nekugadzira.
Chikanganiso chimwe chinowanzoitika ndechekufungidzira otomatiki kuti Giredhi 00 ndiyo sarudzo yakachengeteka pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo. Kunyange zvazvo magiredhi epamusoro achipa mipiro yakaderera yekusava nechokwadi, anodawo mamiriro ekunze akaomarara, kubata kwakanyatsonaka, uye kuongororwa kakawanda kuti arambe akachengetedzwa. Kuisa ndiro yeGiredhi 00 pasi pechitoro paine kuchinja-chinja kwekushisa uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezuva nezuva kunogona kukonzera kukurumidza kudzikira kwekururama kwayo - uye kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemari.
Kuwana ndiro yepamusoro yakarongwa zvakanaka ingori danho rekutanga rekuona kuti kuyera kwakarurama. Kufanana nechero mudziyo wekushandisa nemazvo, ndiro dzegranite dzinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva kuti dzionekwe kuti dzakati sandara hadzina kutsvedza nekuda kwekusakara, kupisa, kana kukuvara netsaona. Nguva yekuongororwa inokurudzirwa inoenderana negiredhi rendiro, simba rekushandiswa kwayo, uye kukosha kwekuyera kwakaitwa pairi. Kune akawanda maplate eGiredhi 0 neGiredhi 1, kuongororwa kwegore negore kunowanzo kukwana. Kune maplate eGiredhi 00 mumashandisirwo akanyatsojeka, kuongororwa kwegore negore kunowanzo kurudzirwa.
Kuenzanisa kunosanganisira kuyera kuenzana kwenzvimbo uye kusiyana kwenzvimbo uchishandisa zvishandiso zvinoteverwa zvakaita semagetsi, laser interferometers, kana kuverenga kudzokorora. Mushumo wekuenzanisa wakasimbiswa unoratidza kutsauka chaiko kwekuenzana kwakayerwa pamusoro uye unopa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika. Masisitimu mazhinji ekutarisira mhando, anosanganisira ISO 9001 neISO 17025, anoda zvitupa zvekuenzanisa zviripo sechinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo.
Pakati pekuenzanisa, kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kunorebesa hupenyu hweplate zvakanyanya. Plates dzinofanira kuchengetedzwa nezvifukidziro kana dzisiri kushandiswa, kucheneswa nguva dzose kubvisa marara anogumbura, uye kubatwa nokungwarira kudzivirira kupwanyika kana kukuvara. Kutsigira plate panzvimbo yakakodzera nekutsigira kinematic ye three-point kunodzivirira kutsauka kwegiravhiti, uye kuisa stand kure nezvinodziya uye michina inodedera kunochengetedza kusimba kwakati sandara.
Ngano dzinoverengeka dzinoramba dziripo pamusoro pemagiredhi egranite pamusoro pemaplate dzinogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvinodhura pakusarudza nekushandisa. Chekutanga uye chine njodzi zvikuru ifungidziro yekuti magiredhi epamusoro anogara ari nani pasinei nekushandiswa. Kunyange zvazvo maplate eGiredhi 00 achipa kushivirira kwakasimba, ndiwo anonyanya kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza uye anodhura zvakanyanya kuchengetedza. Kusarudza plate yeGiredhi 00 yekushandisa inongoda kunyatsojeka kweGiredhi 1 hakusi kuchengetedzeka - kugovaniswa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka kunogona kuita zvakaipa munzvimbo isina kunaka.
Imwe pfungwa isiriyo ndeyekuti kutsanangurwa kweplate yakatsetseka chete ndiko kunovimbisa kururama kwekuyera. Sezvambotaurwa, kutsetseka kwese uye kusiyana kwenzvimbo kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo. Plate inosangana nekubvumidzwa kwese kwekutsetseka asi ine kutenderera kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo inogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvekuyera kupfuura zvayakatarwa.
Ngano yechitatu inoenzanisa ruvara rwegranite nehunhu hwayo. Muchokwadi, kuumbwa kwezvicherwa zvegranite - kusanganisira huwandu hwequartz, chimiro chezviyo, uye kufanana - ndizvo zvinosarudza kukodzera kwayo kushandiswa kwakarurama, kwete ruvara rwayo. Granite nhema, granite yepingi, uye granite yegrey zvese zvinogona kugadzira mapuratifomu akanaka epamusoro chero bedzi zvichisangana nezvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa zvakafanana.
Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kunyange ndiro yegranite yepamusoro-soro haigone kuchengetedza kururama kwayo kwakatsanangurwa nekusingaperi pasina rutsigiro rwakakodzera, kudzora zvakatipoteredza, uye kugadziriswazve nguva nenguva. Kufungidzira kuti "granite haichinji" kunotsausa. Kunyange zvazvo granite yakagadzikana zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi, haina kudzivirirwa kumigumisiro yekusakara, kupisa, uye kushushikana kwemagetsi.
Mapureti epamusoro egranite zvishandiso zviri nyore kunyengera. Pakutanga, anoita sematombo akati sandara. Muchokwadi, ndiwo musimboti we metrology yehukuru - zvinhu zvakanyatsojeka zvine kururama kunoratidza zvakananga kuvimbika kwekuyerwa kwega kwega kunoitwa paari. Kunzwisisa mamakisi ekururamisa, kubva kuGiredhi 00 kusvika kuGiredhi 1, hakusi kudzidzira kwedzidzo. Chinhu chinoshanda kune chero munhu ane basa rekuona kuti kuyerwa kwakanaka, kudzora mari yekugadzira, kana kuchengetedza kutevedzera mitemo yemhando yepasi rose.
Chinhu chikuru hachisi chekuti giredhi rimwe chete riri nani pane rimwe. Asi, giredhi rakakodzera ndiro rinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvako zvekuyera asi richiramba richienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye bhajeti yako. Giredhi 00 rinopa ma laboratories ekuyera anonyanya kudiwa nehunyanzvi hwakafanana nehwepamusoro-soro. Giredhi 0 rinopa ruzhinji rwenzvimbo dzekugadzira dzakarurama nehunyanzvi hwakavimbika uye hunoshanda. Giredhi 1 rinopa nzvimbo dzekushandira pamwe nekugadzira uko kugara kwenguva refu uye hupfumi hunokosha sekukwana kwedzidziso.
Nekuenzanisa pepa nebasa pane kungotadza kuita giredhi repamusoro-soro riripo, unowana chiyero chakanakisa chekururama, mutengo, uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu. Mukuyera kwakarurama, semumazhinji mainjiniya, mhinduro yakanakisisa haisi iyo yakanyanya kunyanyisa - ndiyo inokodzera dambudziko. Sarudza giredhi rinogutsa zvaunoda, richengetedze zvakanaka, rigadzirise nguva dzose, uye uchava nehwaro hwakavimbika hwechiyero chega chega chinotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-24-2026