Mumamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemagadzirirwo emazuva ano, uko kushivirira kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuderera uye zvinodiwa zvemhando zvichiramba zvichiwedzera, muchina wekuyera wakarongeka unomiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakuona kuti zvinhu zvakanyatsojeka. Midziyo iyi yakaoma yakachinja kutonga kwemhando nekutsiva nzira dzekuongorora nemaoko nehunyanzvi hwekuyera otomatiki uye hwakarurama kwazvo hunogona kubata hunhu hwejometri hwezvikamu zvakaoma zvemativi matatu. Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yekuyera yeCMM iripo uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kururama kwayo kwave ruzivo rwakakosha kune mainjiniya ekugadzira, vatariri vemhando yepamusoro, uye nyanzvi dzekutenga mumaindasitiri kubva mundege nemotokari kusvika kumidziyo yekurapa nemagetsi.
Muchina wekuyera ma "coordinate" unoshanda nepfungwa huru inopesana nehunyanzvi hwawo. Nekufambisa sisitimu yekuyedza uchishandisa ma "orthogonal axes" matatu, anowanzo nyorwa kuti X, Y, uye Z muCartesian coordinate system, muchina unoona ma "discrete points" pamusoro pechinhu. Ax imwe neimwe inosanganisira masensa anotarisa nzvimbo ye "probe" nemazvo, anowanzo ongororwa muma "micrometers" kana kunyange zvikamu zve "micrometers". Ma "points" akaunganidzwa anoumba izvo vanoongorora metrometers vanodana kuti "point cloud", chaizvoizvo chiratidzo chedhijitari chenzvimbo yakayerwa chinogona kuenzaniswa ne "design specifications", ma "CAD models", kana "geometric dimensioning" uye "tolerancing requirements".
Kushanduka kwetekinoroji yeCMM kwakagadzira magadzirirwo akasiyana emuchina, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa mashandisirwo akasiyana, saizi dzezvikamu, uye nzvimbo dzekushanda. MaCMM emhando yebhiriji anomiririra magadzirirwo anonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekugadzira nemazvo. Michina iyi ine chimiro chakafanana nebhiriji chinofukidza tafura yekuyera, ine sisitimu yekuyedza yakasungirirwa kubva padanda rakatwasuka rinotsigirwa nemakoramu maviri akamira. Dhizaini yebhiriji inopa kuomarara uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kuyera kuve kwakarurama kunogona kusvika padanho rema micrometer pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa. MaCMM ebhiriji anobudirira pakuyera zvikamu zvidiki kusvika zvepakati zvine kushivirira kwakasimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha mumaindasitiri uko kunyatsoita zvinhu nemazvo kunonyanya kukosha.
MaCMM emhando yeGantry ane magadzirirwo akafanana nebhiriji asi anoawedzera zvakanyanya pakuyera chikamu chikuru. Pane kugara patafura, magantry machine anosungirirwa zvakananga pasi panheyo dzakatsaurirwa, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekusimudza zvinhu zvinorema pamapuratifomu akakwirira. Magadzirirwo aya anobatsira zvikuru kune zvikamu zvemuchadenga, magungano makuru emotokari, uye zvikamu zvemaindasitiri zvinorema kupfuura michina yemabhiriji echinyakare. Kunyange zvazvo magantry CMM achirasikirwa nekunyatsojeka kunowanikwa nemagadzirirwo emabhiriji, anobhadhara huwandu hukuru hwekuyera hunogona kusvika mamita akawanda muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.
MaCMM emhando yeCantilever anopa nzira yakasiyana yekuvaka, nemusoro wekuyera wakasungirirwa kudivi rimwe chete rehwaro hwakasimba. Kurongeka uku kunoita kuti nzvimbo yekuyera ive pachena kubva kumativi matatu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kurodha nekuburitsa zvikamu. Michina yeCantilever inowanzo shanda nemashandisirwo ane zvikamu zvidiki uko mukana wekushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemushandisi zvinotanga kupfuura kunyatsoita basa.
MaCMM emaoko akatambanudzwa anotarisana nematambudziko ekuyera ayo mamwe magadzirirwo ezvivakwa anonetseka kugadzirisa. Nekutarisa probe yakatwasuka pane kutarisa yakatwasuka, michina iyi inogona kuongorora zvikamu zvirefu, zvitete zvakaita semapaneru esimbi, maumbirwo emuviri wemotokari, uye zvikamu zvefuselage yendege. Magadzirirwo emaoko akatambanudzwa anotsinhana kururama kuti asvike kure uye asvikike, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzwa yekuyera majometri akaoma kusvika nematanho eprobe akatwasuka.
MaCMM eruoko anotakurika anomiririra shanduko yemuenzaniso mukuenzanisa kwehukuru, zvichiunza kugona kwekuyera zvakananga kunzvimbo yekugadzira pane kuda kuti zvikamu zvitakurwe kuenda kurabhoritari inodzorwa nekupisa. Aya masystem eruoko akaumbwa, anowanzo kuve nema axes matanhatu kana manomwe ekufamba, anobvumira vashandisi kuyera zvikamu zviri panzvimbo, kusanganisira zvikamu zvinoramba zvakaungana muzvishandiso kana zvakabatanidzwa muhurongwa hukuru. Kunyange hazvo maoko anotakurika asingakwanise kuenzana nekururama kweCMM dzerabhoritari dzakagadzika, kuchinjika kwavo uye kugona kwavo kuwana zvinhu kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakushandisa uko kupatsanura kana kutamisa zvinhu kusingashande.
MaCMM eOptical anosundira miganhu yekumhanya kwekuyera uye kugona kusabata. Masisitimu aya anoshandisa optical triangulation uye kugadzirisa mifananidzo yepamusoro kuti atore zviyero zvematatu pasina kubata workpiece. Nzira yekusabata inoratidza kuti yakakosha pakuyera nzvimbo dzakapfava, zvinhu zvakapfava, kana zvikamu zvakakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya uko kuongorora kusangana kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kana kusvibiswa. MaCMM emazuva ano eoptical anowana kunyatsojeka kwegiredhi remetrology uku achideredza zvakanyanya nguva yekuyera kana tichienzanisa nemasisitimu akavakirwa pakubatana.
Mukati memamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana emhando dzeCMM, nyaya yekunyatsojeka inova yakakosha. Kunyatsojeka kweCMM hakusi chinhu chimwe chete asi mhedzisiro yakaoma inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinopindirana. Mamiriro ekunze anomiririra shanduko huru inokanganisa kunyatsojeka kwekuyera. Kuchinja-chinja kwekushisa kunoita kuti chimiro chemuchina nechinhu chebasa zviwedzere kana kuderera, zvichiunza zvikanganiso zvinogona kuderedza kugona kwemuchina. Chikamu chesimbi chinoyera mita imwe chete pakureba chichawedzera ma micrometer gumi nerimwe pakuwedzera kwekushisa kwedhigirii rega rega reCelsius, nepo aruminiyamu ichikura nekanenge kaviri mwero iwoyo. Kune zviyero zvinoda kunyatsojeka kwemazinga e micrometer, kudzora tembiricha kunova kwakakosha zvikuru.
Maitiro echinyakare ekugadzirisa mhedzisiro yekupisa anosanganisira kuisa maCMM mumarabhoritari anodzorwa nekupisa anochengetwa pamadhigirii makumi maviri Celsius nekutsungirira kwakasimba pakugadzikana kwekupisa. Zvisinei, maitiro ari kukura ekufambisa kuongororwa kwehukuru kuenda kunzvimbo yekugadzira akagadzira matambudziko matsva. MaCMM epamusoro ikozvino anosanganisira masisitimu anoshanda ekubhadhara tembiricha anotarisa tembiricha yemakero emuchina uye zvikamu zvakakosha zvechimiro, achishandisa kugadzirisa kwenguva chaiyo kune mhedzisiro yekuyera. Kunyange hazvo masisitimu aya asingakwanise kubvisa mhedzisiro yekupisa zvachose, anoderedza zvakanyanya kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera munzvimbo umo kudzora tembiricha kwakasimba kusingashande.
Kudedera kunomiririra chimwe chinhu chezvakatipoteredza chinogona kuderedza kunyatsojeka kweCMM. Masisitimu ekuongorora emuchina wekuyera anoshanda pachiyero che micrometer, uko kunyangwe kudedera kudiki kubva kumidziyo iri pedyo, kufamba kwetsoka, kana masisitimu ekuvaka kunogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvekuyera. MaCMM emhando yebhiriji negantry akagadzirirwa kushandiswa murabhoritari anowanzoda kuparadzaniswa kubva kunzvimbo dzinodedera kuburikidza nenheyo dzakatsaurirwa, zvigadziko zvekudzikisa kudedera, kana kuiswa kwakarongeka mukati menzvimbo yacho. MaCMM anotakurika anotarisana nematambudziko makuru ekudedera sezvo achishanda zvakananga papasi rekugadzira, kunyangwe zvinodiwa zvavo zvekunyatsojeka zvishoma zvichiita kuti izvi zvigamuchirwe.
Sisitimu yekuyedza pachayo ndiyo chinhu chakakosha pakuita CMM chaiyo. Ma "touch-trigger probes", ayo anonyanya kushandiswa, anobata workpiece surface uye anogadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi pakubata chinorekodha nzvimbo ye "probe". Kururama kwe "touch-trigger probing" kunoenderana ne "probe tip sphericity", kuomarara uye kutwasuka kwe "probe stylus", uye kugadzikana kwe "trigger force". Nekufamba kwenguva, "contacts" dzinodzokororwa dzinogona kupfeka "probe tip", zvichichinja dhayamita yayo inoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvakarongwa mukuyerwa. Kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kutsiva "probe tips" nguva nenguva kunoramba kuri tsika dzakakosha dzekuchengetedza kurongeka kwekuyera.
Ma "scanning probes" anopa nzira yakasiyana, achifamba-famba achipfuura nepamusoro pe "workpiece" uku achichengetedza kubatana mukati me "detailed range". Masisitimu aya anounganidza zviuru zvemapoinzi pasekondi, zvichiita kuti pave nekutsanangurwa kwakazara kwechimiro che "uso", chimiro, uye magadzirirwo ayo aisazoshanda ne "touch-trigger probing". Zvisinei, kunyatsoongorora hakungotsamiri pa "probe geometry" chete asiwo pakukwanisa kwe "control system" kuchengetedza simba rekubatana rinowirirana panguva imwe chete ichitevera ma "uso contours".
Ma probe asingabatanidzi chinhu, anosanganisira ma laser sensors nema optical systems, anobvisa mhedzisiro ye contact probing asi anoburitsa manyuko awo ekusaziva. Kupenya kweganda, ruvara, uye magadzirirwo aro zvinogona kukanganisa kunyatsoyera kwe optical, zvichida kucheneswa kwakanyatsogadzirwa uye dzimwe nguva kuyerwa kwakawanda pasi pemamiriro akasiyana echiedza. Ma laser triangulation systems anowana kunyatsojeka kwemamwe mashandisirwo asi anogona kuomerwa nemakona epamusoro akakora kana kupenya kwakanyanya.
Maumbirwo emuchina weCMM pachawo anounza zvikanganiso zvejometri zvinokanganisa kunyatsoyera. Kunyangwe maaxes emuchina akagadzirwa nemazvo anoratidza kusiyana kudiki kubva pakutwasuka kwakakwana, kuenderana pakati peaxes, uye kunyatsorongeka kwenzvimbo. Zvikanganiso izvi zvejometri zvinowanzoonekwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomarara ekugadzirisa uye zvinodzoserwa musoftware, zvichideredza kukanganisa kwazvo pamhedzisiro yekuyera. Zvisinei, kushanda kwekubhadhara kukanganisa kunoenderana nekugadzikana kwechimiro chemuchina nekufamba kwenguva uye mumamiriro ekunze.
Michina yekuyera yemazuva ano yeCMM inoshandisa kubhadharisa kwemhedzisiro yevhoriyamu, nzira yakaoma inotsanangura zvikanganiso zvejometri mukati mehuwandu hwese hwekuyera pane kubhadharisa axis yega yega. Nzira iyi inoziva kuti zvikanganiso zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekuti probe iripi mukati mehamvuropu yekushanda yemuchina, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakarurama kupfuura nzira dziri nyore dzekubhadhara. Maitiro ekugadzirisa kubhadharisa kwevhoriyamu anowanzo shandisa laser interferometers kana zvimwe zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa kuti zviongorore zvikanganiso panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yese yekuyera, zvichigadzira modhi yakazara yekukanganisa inoshandiswa nemutongi wemuchina.
Muchina wekuyera weOGP unoratidza kuti tekinoroji yemazuva ano inogadzirisa sei matambudziko aya ekugadzirisa zvinhu kuburikidza nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. OGP, kana kuti Optical Gaging Products, ndiyo yakatanga masisitimu ekuyera akawanda anosanganisa tactile probing nema optical uye laser sensors mumapuratifomu akabatana. OGP FlexPoint series inomiririra mamiriro aripo etekinoroji iyi, ichipa ma CMM ane ma format multisensor makuru anokwanisa kutsigira scanning probes, telecentric optics, uye interferometric laser sensors panguva imwe chete pamisoro inobatanidza.
Nzira ye multisensor inotarisa dambudziko guru pakuyera nemazvo: zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo dzinoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekuyera kuti zvive zvakanyatsonaka. Zvinhu zvinowanikwa nyore nyore nema contact probes zvinogona kusaonekwa nema optical systems, nepo nzvimbo dzakapfava dzisingabatwe dzingada nzira dzisiri dzekubata. CMM dzechinyakare dzinoda shanduko dze probe uye kugadziriswa pakuchinja pakati penzira dzekuyera, zvichitora nguva uye zvichikonzera zvikanganiso. Nzira yeOGP ine kuwanikwa kwema sensor panguva imwe chete inobvisa shanduko idzi, zvichibvumira sensor yepamusoro yekuyera kwega kwega kuti isarudzwe uye ishandiswe pasina kunonoka uye kusava nechokwadi kwekutsinhana kwema sensor.
Michina yekuyera ma "coordinate" inotonga software inoita basa rakakosha mukuyera kwakarurama. Software yemazuva ano yeCMM inosanganisira ma "algorithms" akaomarara ekubhadharisa probe radius compensation, geometric fitting, coordinate system alignment, uye tolerance evaluation. Nzira dzemasvomhu dzinoshandiswa kuenderana nezvinhu zve geometric ne "points" dzakayerwa dzinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhedzisiro dzakataurwa, kunyanya kune zvinhu zvine zvikanganiso zvemafomu kana "points" dzakaganhurirwa. CAD-based programming inobvumira maitiro ekuyera kugadzirwa uye kusimbiswa pasina kutaurirana, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda kwemuchina uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuyerwa kwacho kwakarongeka.
Nzira yekuyera pachayo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakunyatsojeka. Huwandu nekugoverwa kwemapoinzi ekuyera, kutevedzana kwekuyera, nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa zvese zvinopesvedzera mhedzisiro. Nyanzvi dzemetro dzine ruzivo dzinonzwisisa kuti kungotora mapoinzi akawanda hakuiti kuti kunyatsojeka kuve kuri nani; kuiswa uye kugoverwa kwemapoinzi zvichienderana nechinhu chiri kuyerwa kunowanzova chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura huwandu hwemapoinzi ese. Kune ma tolerances e geometric akadai se flatness kana cylindricity, nzira yekuyera inofanirwa kunyatsoongorora nzvimbo yese kana chimiro kuti ione zvikanganiso zvingangove zviripo.
Unyanzvi hwemushandisi hunoramba hwakakosha kunyangwe kune masisitimu eCMM anoshanda otomatiki. Kunyange hazvo maCMM anodzorwa neCNC achigona kuita maitiro ekuyera pasina kupindira kwakanyanya kwemushandisi, kutanga kuronga nekugadzirisa maitiro ekuyera kunoda kunzwisisa kushivirira kwejometri, kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera, uye kugona kwemuchina. Zvikanganiso mukufunga kwepurogiramu, maitiro ekuenderana, kana tsananguro dzezvimiro zvinogona kuramba zvichionekwa kuburikidza nekuita otomatiki, zvichiburitsa mhedzisiro inoita seyakarurama asi chaizvoizvo isina kutsamira kana kuti isiriyo.
Mafambiro ari kuenderera mberi eIndustry 4.0 nekugadzira zvinhu zvakangwara ari kuchinja mashandiro anoita maCMM mukugadzira zvinhu. Ruzivo rwekuyera panguva chaiyo runopa masisitimu ekudzora maitiro ekuverenga, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuona nekukurumidza nekugadzirisa kutsauka kwekugadzira zvinhu. MaCMM akabatana anogovana mhedzisiro yekuyera muma network ebhizinesi, achitsigira masisitimu ekutarisira mhando uye zvinodiwa zvekutevera cheni yekugovera. Kugona uku kwekubatanidza kunowedzera kukosha kupfuura basa rekutanga rekuyera, kuchishandura michina yekuyera kubva kuzvishandiso zvekuongorora zvakaparadzana kuita ma node akabatana mumasisitimu ehungwaru hwekugadzira.
Sezvo kushivirira kwekugadzira kuri kuramba kuchioma uye zvikamu zvejometri zvichiwedzera kuoma, kukosha kwekunzwisisa mhando dzeCMM nezvinhu zvakarurama kuchawedzera chete. Kusarudza magadzirirwo akakodzera eCMM ekushandisa, kuchengetedza kudzora nharaunda kana muripo, kushandisa nzira dzakasimba dzekuongorora nekusimbisa, uye kugadzira nzira dzekuyera dzinogadzirisa kusava nechokwadi kwezvinobva mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano zvinobatsira pakuwana kururama kunodiwa nekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano. Ingave kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo echinyakare emabhiriji, maoko anotakurika, masisitimu ekuona, kana mapuratifomu matsva e multisensor senge muchina wekuyera weOGP, kugona kuyera nekuvimba kunoramba kuri hwaro hwemhando yekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-21-2026