Chii chinonzi NDE?
Kuongorora kusina kuparadza (NDE) izwi rinowanzoshandiswa zvakafanana neNDT. Zvisinei, zvine hunyanzvi, NDE inoshandiswa kutsanangura zviyero zvine huwandu hwakawanda. Semuenzaniso, nzira yeNDE haingowani chete chikanganiso, asi inogonawo kushandiswa kuyera chimwe chinhu nezvechikanganiso ichocho senge saizi yacho, chimiro, uye kwakatarisana. NDE inogona kushandiswa kuona hunhu hwezvinhu, zvakaita sekuoma kwekutyoka, kuumbwa, uye humwe hunhu hwemuviri.
Mamwe matekinoroji eNDT/NDE:
Vanhu vazhinji vatove neruzivo rwemamwe matekinoroji anoshandiswa muNDT neNDE kubva mukushandiswa kwavo muindasitiri yezvekurapa. Vanhu vazhinji vakatorwawo X-ray uye vanaamai vazhinji vakashandiswa ultrasound navanachiremba kuti vaongorore mwana wavo achiri mudumbu. X-ray ne ultrasound inongova mamwe matekinoroji anoshandiswa mumunda weNDT/NDE. Huwandu hwenzira dzekuongorora hunoita sehunowedzera zuva nezuva, asi pfupiso pfupi yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa inopiwa pazasi.
Kuedzwa kwekuona nemaziso (VT)
Nzira inonyanya kukosha yeNDT ndeyekutarisa nemaziso. Vaongorori vemaziso vanotevedzera maitiro akasiyana-siyana kubva pakungotarisa chikamu kuti vaone kana kusakwana kwepamusoro kuchionekwa, kusvika pakushandisa masisitimu emakamera anodzorwa nekombiyuta kuti vaone uye vaongorore otomatiki maitiro echikamu.
Radiography (RT)
RT inosanganisira kushandiswa kwe gamma- kana X-radiation inopinda muchinhu uye kuongorora zvikanganiso zvechinhu uye chimiro chemukati. Muchina weX-ray kana isotope yemwaranzi inoshandiswa senzvimbo yemwaranzi. Mwaranzi inotungamirwa kuburikidza nechikamu uye kuenda kufirimu kana kune dzimwe nzira. Mufananidzo unoratidza chimiro chemukati uye kunaka kwechikamu. Kuchinja kwehukobvu hwechinhu uye huwandu hwehuwandu kunoratidzwa senzvimbo dzakareruka kana dzakasviba pafirimu. Nzvimbo dzakasviba dziri mu radiograph iri pazasi dzinomiririra maburi emukati muchikamu.
Kuedzwa kweMagineti Particle (MT)
Nzira iyi yeNDT inoitwa nekuisa simba remagineti muchinhu chinonzi ferromagnetic wozopukuta pamusoro nesimbi (yakaoma kana kuti yakasungirirwa mumvura). Zvikanganiso pamusoro nepadhuze nepamusoro zvinogadzira matanda emagineti kana kukanganisa simba remagineti nenzira yekuti simbi inokwezvwa uye yakabatana. Izvi zvinopa chiratidzo chinooneka chekusakwana pamusoro pechinhu chacho. Mifananidzo iri pazasi inoratidza chikamu chisati chaongororwa uye chapera uchishandisa simbi dzemagineti dzakaoma.
Kuedzwa kweUltrasonic (UT)
Mukuyedza kwe ultrasonic, mafungu eruzha ane frequency yakakwira anotumirwa muchinhu kuti aone kusakwana kana kuti awane shanduko muhunhu hwezvinhu. Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekuyedza ye ultrasonic ndeye pulse echo, apo ruzha runopinzwa muchinhu chekuyedza uye kuratidzwa (manzwi) kubva mukusakwana kwemukati kana pamusoro pejometri yechikamu kunodzoserwa kune receiver. Pazasi pane muenzaniso wekutarisa kwe shear wave weld. Cherechedza chiratidzo chinosvika kumiganhu yepamusoro yechidzitiro. Chiratidzo ichi chinogadzirwa neruzha runoratidzwa kubva pakukanganisa kuri mukati me weld.
Kuongororwa kwePenetrant (PT)
Chinhu chekuedza chinoputirwa nemushonga une dhayi rinooneka kana kuti rinopenya. Mushonga wakawandisa unobviswa pamusoro pechinhu asi uchisiya paine zvikanganiso zvinotyoka pamusoro. Mugadziri anozoshandiswa kubvisa chinhu chinopenya kubva muzvikanganiso. Nemadhayi e fluorescent, chiedza che ultraviolet chinoshandiswa kuita kuti kubuda kweropa kujeke, zvichiita kuti zvikanganiso zvionekwe zviri nyore. Nemadhayi anooneka, kusiyana kwemavara akajeka pakati pechinhu chinopenya nechinhu chinoita kuti "kubuda kweropa" kuve nyore kuona. Zviratidzo zvitsvuku zviri pazasi zvinoratidza zvikanganiso zvakawanda muchikamu ichi.
EKuedzwa kweLectromagnetic (ET)
Mafuremu emagetsi (eddy currents) anogadzirwa muchinhu chinofambisa mhepo kuburikidza nesimba remagineti rinoshanduka. Simba remafuremu aya eddy rinogona kuyerwa. Kukanganisika kwezvinhu kunokonzera kukanganiswa kwekufamba kwemafuremu eeddy izvo zvinozivisa muongorori nezvekuvapo kwedambudziko. Mafuremu eeddy anokanganiswawo nekufambiswa kwemagetsi uye kubvumidzwa kwemagineti kwezvinhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuronga zvimwe zvinhu zvichibva pane izvi. Nyanzvi iri pazasi iri kuongorora bapiro rendege kuti ione kana paine zvikanganiso.
Kuongororwa Kwekubuda Kwemvura (LT)
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa kuona nekuona kudonha kwemvura muzvikamu zvinodzora kumanikidzwa, midziyo inodzvinyirira, uye zvivako. Kudonha kwemvura kunogona kuonekwa nekushandisa michina yekuteerera yemagetsi, kuyera kuyera kumanikidzwa, nzira dzekupinda mumvura negasi, uye/kana bvunzo yakapfava ye sipo-bubble.
Kuedzwa kweAcoustic Emission (AE)
Kana chinhu chakasimba chakasimbiswa, kusakwana kuri mukati mechinhu chacho kunoburitsa simba remaacoustic rinodaidzwa kuti "emissions." Sekunge mukuyedza kwe ultrasonic, maacoustic emissions anogona kuonekwa nevanogamuchira zvinhu zvakasiyana. Manyuko e emissions anogona kuongororwa kuburikidza nekudzidza simba rawo nenguva yekusvika kuti aunganidze ruzivo nezve manyuko esimba, senge nzvimbo yawo.
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-27-2021