Chii chinonzi NDE?
Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) izwi rinowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana neNDT.Nekudaro, nehunyanzvi, NDE inoshandiswa kutsanangura zviyero zvakanyanya kuwanda mumasikirwo.Semuyenzaniso, nzira yeNDE haingowani chirema, asi yaizoshandiswawo kuyera chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekuremara kwakadai sehukuru hwayo, maumbirwo, uye mafambiro.NDE inogona kushandiswa kuona zvinhu zvemukati, senge kutyoka kuomarara, kuumbwa, uye humwe hunhu hwemuviri.
Dzimwe NDT/NDE Technologies:
Vanhu vazhinji vatoziva nezvehumwe matekinoroji anoshandiswa muNDT uye NDE kubva mukushandisa kwavo muindasitiri yekurapa.Vanhu vazhinji vakatorwawo X-ray uye vanaamai vazhinji vakaitwa Ultrasound yakashandiswa navanachiremba kuti vatarise mwana wavo achiri mudumbu.X-rays uye ultrasound angori mashoma ematekinoroji anoshandiswa mumunda weNDT/NDE.Nhamba yenzira dzekuongorora inoratidzika kukura zuva nezuva, asi pfupiso inokurumidza yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa inopiwa pasi apa.
Yekuona uye yeOptical Testing (VT)
Iyo yakanyanya kukosha nzira yeNDT ndeye yekuona.Vatariri vanoongorora vanotevedzera nzira dzinobva pakungotarisa chimwe chikamu kuti vaone kana kusakwana kwepamusoro kuri kuoneka, kusvika pakushandisa masystem anodzorwa nekombuta kuti azive nekuyera maumbirwo echinhu.
Radhiogiramu (RT)
RT inosanganisira kushandiswa kweinopinda gamma- kana X-radiation kuongorora zvinhu uye hurema hwechigadzirwa uye maficha emukati.Muchina weX-ray kana kuti radioactive isotopu inoshandiswa senzvimbo yemwaranzi.Radiation inotungamirwa kuburikidza nechikamu uye pafirimu kana imwe midhiya.Iyo inoguma shadowgraph inoratidza maficha emukati uye kunzwika kwechikamu.Ukobvu hwezvinhu uye density shanduko inoratidzwa senzvimbo dzakareruka kana dzakasviba pafirimu.Nzvimbo dzakasviba muradiograph pazasi dzinomiririra voids yemukati muchikamu.
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Iyi nzira yeNDT inopedzwa nekupinza magineti mune ferromagnetic zvinhu uyezve kupukuta pamusoro nesimbi zvidimbu (zvichida zvakaoma kana zvakamiswa mumvura).Kukanganisa kwepamusoro uye pedyo-pamusoro kunoburitsa magineti mapango kana kukanganisa simba remagineti nenzira yekuti zvidimbu zvesimbi zvinokwezvwa nekudzika.Izvi zvinoburitsa chiratidzo chinooneka chekuremara pamusoro pechinhu.Mifananidzo iri pazasi inoratidza chikamu pamberi uye mushure mekuongorora uchishandisa yakaoma magineti particles.
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Mukuyedzwa kweultrasonic, mafungu eruzha akakwira anofambiswa mune chinhu kuona kusakwana kana kutsvaga shanduko yezvinhu.Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ultrasonic yekuyedza nzira ndeye pulse echo, iyo inounzwa muchinhu chekuyedza uye maratidziro (maungira) kubva mukusakwana kwemukati kana chikamu chegeometrical nzvimbo inodzoserwa kune inogamuchira.Pazasi pane muenzaniso weshear wave weld inspection.Cherechedza chiratidzo chinowedzera kusvika kumiganhu yepamusoro yekrini.Ichi chiratidzo chinogadzirwa neruzha rwunoratidzwa kubva pakaremara mukati meweld.
Penetrant Testing (PT)
Chinhu chekuedza chakaputirwa nemushonga une dhayi inooneka kana yefluorescent.Excess solution inobva yabviswa pamusoro pechinhu chacho asi ichisiya iri surface breaking defects.Mugadziri anozoiswa kuti akweve mupindiri kubva mukukanganisa.Nemadhayi efluorescent, mwenje we ultraviolet unoshandiswa kugadzira fluoresce yekubuda ropa kupenya, zvichibvumira kusakwana kuti kuonekwe nyore.Nemadhayi anooneka, mavara akajeka akasiyana pakati peanopinda nemugadziri anoita kuti "bleedout" ionekwe.Zviratidzo zvitsvuku zviri pasi apa zvinomiririra huwandu hwezvikanganiso muchikamu ichi.
Electromagnetic Testing (ET)
Magetsi emagetsi (eddy currents) anogadzirwa mune inoitisa zvinhu nekuchinja magineti.Kusimba kweaya eddy mafungu anogona kuyerwa.Kukanganisa kwezvinhu kunokonzera kukanganisa mukuyerera kweeddy currents iyo inozivisa muongorori nezvekuvapo kwechirema.Eddy currents inobatwawo nemagetsi conductivity uye magineti permeability yechinhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuronga zvimwe zvinhu zvichibva pane izvi zvivakwa.Nyanzvi iri pazasi iri kuongorora bapiro rendege kuti harina here.
Leak Testing (LT)
Matanho akati wandei anoshandiswa kuona nekutsvaga kuvuza munzvimbo dzekumanikidza, midziyo yekumanikidza, uye zvimiro.Kuvuza kunogona kuonekwa nekushandisa midziyo yekuteerera yemagetsi, kuyerwa kwemagetsi, nzira dzemvura uye gasi, uye/kana sipo-bubble test.
Acoustic Emission Testing (AE)
Kana chinhu chakasimba chikasimbiswa, kusakwana mukati mechinhu chinoburitsa kuputika kupfupi kwesimba rekunzwa rinonzi "emissions."Sezvakaita mukuyedzwa kweultrasonic, acoustic emissions inogona kuwonekwa nevanogamuchira vakakosha.Emission sources inogona kuongororwa kuburikidza nekudzidza kusimba kwavo uye nguva yekusvika kuunganidza ruzivo nezve kwakabva simba, senge nzvimbo yavo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-27-2021